Unit One

• Pre-test• A Million Dollars Activity

• Drug

• What do you think of when you hear the word DRUG?

• Most of us think of harmful, illegal drugs, but there are many different types of drugs. Drugs are used to alter body, treat sickness, but other purposes too.

• Examples: Aspirin and Painkillers- Legal• Marijuana and cocaine- illegal

• Food is not a drug. Though, many foods such as cola and chocolate contain drugs- caffeine.

• Ways to Take Drugs:• Drugs can be taken orally: this means it can be taken through the mouth.

o This is the easiest way to take drugs. o Most drugs taken orally are pills, capsules, tablets, or liquid. When taken orally, the medicine is

dissolved by the chemicals in the stomach and into the bloodstream. • Drugs can be taken by injection:

o drugs by injections are shots given to us by our doctor. A shot is given when the doctor wants the drug to act quickly, or if it won’t act properly taken orally.

o We inject drugs into our muscles: arms, buttocks, or upper thigh. Injection is the fastest and most powerful way for a drug to reach the brain.

• Smoking: o Some drugs are smoked- tobacco, marijuana, and crack cocaine. o Nicotine in tobacco is the most common form of smoking a drug. When smoked, the drug is carried

into the lungs and passed through tiny blood vessels into the bloodstream. ALL smoke contains poisonous substances. It can cause lung cancer, lung disease, emphysema, and much more.

• Inhaling Drugs: o does anyone have asthma? o People who have asthma use an inhaler to breath in the drug. o Each time the inhaler is pumped, a certain amount of drug is released.o Once it is inhaled in the lungs, then it is released into the bloodstream and carried by cells to

where it is needed. o Other examples of inhaling drugs: Nose sprays, anesthetics at the doctor’s office.

• Demonstration: Have a variety of oral medications in front of room. (pills- swallow, capsules, tablets, liquid- drink, chewable- chew, gel tablets, medicine in a lollypop etc.) Medicines are in many forms because some people have difficulty swallowing pills or dislike the taste of a liquid. Now, look at the lollypop. Is this good or bad way to represent medicine?

• Role-play: At your table come up with a response to the following scenario. “ Mario has a part-time job at a convenience store. Peter comes in and wants to buy cigarettes. Mario thinks Peter is to young to buy cigarettes, but Peter insists that he is old enough.” What should Mario do?

• Inhalers are fastest way to deliver medicine when someone is wheezing.

• Asthma is common condition among all age groups of people.

• People with asthma usually carry an inhaler with them at all times.

• NEVER borrow a friend’s inhaler, if you think you have asthma then see a doctor.

• Other Ways to take Drugs: • transdermal patch- sticks to skin like a bandage, and

medicine from patch is slowly released into the bloodstream from the patch.

• Ointments: are applied topically to the skin and do not enter the bloodstream.

• Drops: for eyes and ears, do not enter the bloodstream.

• Drugs taken in more than one form:• Drugs that can be taken in more than one form

have different effects on the body.• Penicillin- can be taken orally, but when injected

it has a much faster effect. • Another example- nicotine- people can smoke a

cigarette that contains nicotine, but people trying to quit smoking may wear a nicotine patch or chew nicotine gum .

• Exit Slip- Create a concept map with the following words: drugs, oral, pills, injection, needle, inhaling, smoking, transdermal patch, ointment, ear drops, eye drops, mouth, skin, muscle, lungs, and ear. Turn in at tray.

• Activity• Quiz One: Students will have 10 minutes to

complete quiz one.

•Medicines•Prescription medicines•Over-the-counter medicines•Vaccine•Antibodies•Antibiotics•Side effect•Tolerance

• Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases, pain, injury, or other conditions.

• ALL medicines are drugs, but not ALL drugs are medicines.

• Approve medicines based on the following steps to make sure they are safe and effective.

Releasing Medicine to the Public:• The FDA determines how consumers can obtain

medicines. There are two ways.

• Medicines that are potentially harmful and very strong can only be sold with a written order from a physician.

• On a RX hard Copy there will be the following information:• Patient’s name• Medicine’s name• Doctor’s signature• How to take the (medicine dosage)• Prescription label:• Patient’s name• Directions for taking the medicine• Name of the drug• Doctor’s name • Special Warnings• It is important to take medicine exactly as instructed. Taking too much

can be harmful or taking too little can keep the medicine from working.

Prescription Label Reading

• OTC medicines are safe enough to be taken without a written order from a physician.

• There are over thousands of OTC medicines.• These medicines can cause harm though if not

used as directed on the label. • It is important to read OTC labels that provide

information about ingredients, name and address of manufacturer, and the control number.

• Why?

• OTC Label Reading: Record the name of the medicine, recommended dosage, and possible side effects. Check the ingredients and see if you are allergic to any.

• Most medicines are used to:o prevent diseaseo fight infectiono relieve pain

• Medicines to Prevent Diseases:• Vaccines are used to prevent disease.• A vaccine is a preparation of dead or weakened germs

that causes the immune system to produce antibodies.• Antibodies are proteins that attack and kill or disable

specific germs that cause disease. • Common Vaccines:

Whooping coughMeaslesMumpsChicken PoxHepatitis A and B

• Many germs and diseases cannot be prevented with vaccines.

• When you get sick from these germs/ diseases, antibiotics are needed to fight off certain types of bacteria.

• Antibiotics are medicines that reduce or kill harmful bacteria in the body.

• Penicillin is a highly effective antibiotic used.

• When the body aches, it sends messages along nerves and the spinal cord to the brain.

• The role of pain medicines is to block these pains or lessen their effect.

• Aspirin is a commonly used pain medicine.

• There are varieties of medicines used to treat people with certain conditions or health problems (heart and blood pressure problems, diabetes, allergies, etc.)

• Medicine in the Body: The way medicine enters the body will have a different affect for the medicine.

• Medicines have different effects on different people.

• Side effects: Some medicines in addition to their intended effect cause a side effect.

• A side effect is any effect of a medicine other than the one intended.

Common side effects:HeadacheUpset stomachDrowsiness

• If you ever experience side effects talk to your doctor or pharmacist. Some side effects may be serious.

• When medicines are used over a long period of time, people may develop tolerance to the medicine.

• Tolerance is a condition in which a person’s body becomes used to the effect of a medicine and needs greater and greater amounts of it in order for it to be effective.

• When two or more medicines are taken at the same time the effects can be dangerous.

• Possible effects:•Each medicine may have a stronger effect that it would have if taken alone.•The medicines may combine to produce unexpected effects.•One medicine may cancel out the expected effects of the other.

• One Plus One Equals Three

• Should all drugs carry a warning label that states the possible problems of tolerance?

• “This medicine must be taken five times a day and must be taken at least one hour before eating or two hours after eating.” Create a schedule of meal times and times that the medicine should be taken.

• Activity• Quiz Two: Students will have 10 minutes to

complete quiz two.

•Drug misuse•Drug abuse•Drug addiction•Withdrawal•Dependence•Physical dependence•Psychological dependence

• Any use of a medicine that is different from its intended use is drug misuse.

Examples of drug misuse:•Not taking the medicine as instructed•Not finishing the medicine•Taking someone’s else prescription•Increasing the dose without your doctor’s

permission• Misuse can lead to overdose, drug abuse or

addiction.

• In groups, perform a skit about a teen that starts using medicine properly and then begins to misuse it.

• Drug abuse is misusing a legal drug on purpose or using any illegal drug.

• Misuse often occurs when people take too much of a drug.

• When the person becomes used to the higher dosage, they crave more, leading to abuse.

Why do people abuse drugs?•Feel better•Perform better

• Drug addiction is the uncontrollable use of a drug.• Someone addicted to a drug will continue to take

it even if it is harming their health and relationships with others.

• If someone is addicted, they cannot control their use of a drug because they have become dependent on it.

• Dependence of a drug means needing it to function properly.

• If someone stops taking a drug they are dependent on, the person will have withdrawals.

• Withdrawals are negative symptoms that result when a drug-dependent person stops taking a drug.

• When a person abuses a drug long enough their body gets used to the drug, and form a dependence for it.

• There are two types of dependence: physical and psychological.

• Is the body’s chemical need for a drug. If a person with physical dependence suddenly stops taking a drug, they will experience withdrawals.

Withdrawals include:•Vomiting•Muscle and joint pain•Fever•Chills•Anxiety•And other symptoms

• A person’s emotional or mental need for a drug. This person craves the drug and feels they can’t get along without the drug. This can sometimes be harder to overcome than physical dependence.

Psychological dependence includes:SleepinessNervousnessIrritabilityDepression

• A character that has become addicted to drugs. TV show characters usually recover from addiction much more rapidly and easily than a real person would.

• When people become addicted to drugs, relationships usually suffer.

• Drugs can cause changes in a person’s behavior. People using drugs are:

•more angry•have serious mood swing•can be difficult to talk too•have violent outbursts•become physically and verbally abusive•lose interest in activities•care less about friends they shared these

activities with

• Most who abuse drugs do not care about their future and lose interest in their education.

• Learning becomes difficult because they cannot concentrate, or forget what happened in class day to day.

• Teens doing drugs stop doing homework and their grades begin to drop.

• They often skip school and school functions.• Teens using drugs may disrupt others from learning

by misbehaving in class or getting in trouble with school authorities.

• Many teens addicted to drugs, drop out of school.

• Eyes on My Future

• Drugs cost money • Abusing drugs is expensive. • When drug addiction gets worse and the more

drugs a person needs the more money they need as well.

• People who abuse drugs and need to fix their addiction will do anything for money: lie, cheat, harm others, borrow, steal, from family, friends, and even strangers.

• Drug abuse and addiction can be harmful to the body. It can cause:•Sores on the mouth•Sores on the skin•Damage to kidneys•Damage to heart•Damage to brain•Effect memory loss•Sharing of needles can lead to HIV/AIDS•Mental and emotional problems•Depression•Fear•Nervousness•Suicide

• Some drugs are illegal. • Drug abuse or addiction can lead to problems

with the law.• Getting arrested or going to court can affect a

person’s entire life. • It may be harder to find a job, you may get a jail

sentence, lose freedom and dreams with time spent in jail, may lead to other crimes (stealing or DUI).

• Drugs A Lost Cause

• Draw stick person on the board and write family, school, friends, money, health, and police around it. Have the students copy it down and write DRUGS at the top. At the bottom have them tell how drug addiction affects the relationships between the person in the middle and each of the things surrounding it.

• Activity• Quiz 3: Students will have 10 minutes to

complete quiz three.

•Narcotics•Stimulants•Amphetamine•Methamphetamine•Depressants

Specific drugs that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain. Used to• relieve extreme pain.Examples:

•Codeine•Morphine

• It is important to take these safely under the supervision of a doctor because they can become addictive.

• Pharmacists must keep record of all sales of narcotics.

• Heroin: an illegal narcotic made from morphine. It is the most commonly abused and highly addictive narcotic.

• Heroin depresses the CNS (central nervous system) and can lead to a coma or death. Drug users share dirty needles and increase the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS.

substances that speed up the body’s function. Makes the:• Heart beat faster• Increase breathing rate• Raise blood pressure

• Examples of stimulant:• •Caffeine ( discussion: what foods and drinks have you

consumed that contain caffeine? How does caffeine affect you? What happened when someone you knew tried to stop consuming caffeine?)

• •Amphetamine- stimulates the CNS. Prescribed to hyperactive children.

• •Methamphetamine – similar to amphetamine. Treat diseases like narcolepsy, Parkinson’s Disease, and obesity.

• •Cocaine- people take it to make them feel happy and energetic. Wears off easily and people take more of it, making it easy to overdose and be fatal.

• Crack- can smoke it. Reaches brain in few seconds and produces an intense high. Wears off easily making it become easily craved.

• Strong stimulants may cause:• Blurred vision• Dizziness• Anxiety• Loss of coordination• Collapse• Heart failure• Brain damage• stroke

Depressants• substances that slow down the body’s functions and reactions. These

are sedatives. Prescribed to relieve:• Anxiety• Tension• Nervousness• SleepinessThree main kinds: • Tranquilizers- reduce anxiety and relax muscles• Barbiturates- feeling of relaxation• Hypnotics- strong drugs that bring on sleepExamples:• Alcohol• Xanax• Valium

• In your table groups, create a chart with two columns.

• Column One: Stimulants• Column Two: Depressants. • In each column, write how each type of drug

affects the body, the dangers of each type of drug, and names of drugs that belong in each category.

• Work as a group, but each person should have their own columns to turn in.

• Exit Slip- Why is crack probably the most dangerous and addictive drug used in this country today?

• Activity• Quiz Four: Students have 10 minutes to complete

quiz four.

•Hallucinogens•Marijuana•THC•Inhalant

• Of all the illegal drugs, marijuana is the most widely used.

• What is marijuana?• Marijuana is the dried flowers and leaves of a

cannabis plant. • Marijuana is usually smoked although it can be

eaten. The active chemical in marijuana is THC.

•It makes them feel relaxed and happy. •It can have negative effects by making someone feel unable to move or have panic attacks

•In can cause inability to concentrate •Lack of motivation (perform poorly at school or work)•Affects coordination ( inability to react quickly)

Become psychologically dependent upon it:•Irritable•Unable to sleep if person does not use drug

Can cause physical damage: •Lung problems•Coughing•Colds•Lung cancer

• Have students in groups of four, decide how their person’s job might be affected by the use of marijuana.

• Marijuana Story, I’m on Your Side

In small groups, write a skit about a teen who starts to use marijuana and tell how marijuana affects the teen both physically and psychologically. How do these effects interfere with the teen’s daily life? (10 minutes)

• Drugs that distort moods, thoughts, and senses. Physical effects:• Increased heart rate• Increased blood pressure• Lack of muscle coordination• Decreased sensitivity to pain

Hallucinogens cause the user to hallucinate or see things that aren’t really there. It can trigger uncontrollable, violent behavior. May lose sense of direction, time, and distance. Can cause panic and be frightening.

Examples of hallucinogens:• LSD- causes terrifying thoughts and feelings • PCP-effects last a long time, produce strange and destructive behavior

Long term effect:• Flashback- sudden reliving of the hallucinogen experience. They can occur months or

years after last use.

• Look at optical illusions.• This is similar to hallucinogens because you see

something that does not really exist.

• Any substance whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to produce mind-altering sensations.

Examples:• Aerosol spray• Spray paint• Cleaning chemicals• Lighter fluid• Hairspray

When these are breathed in, the harmful fumes go directly to the brain.

Cause:• Headaches• Nausea• Vomiting• Loss of coordination • Death

• Drugs associated with concerts or parties.• Some of these drugs are colorless, odorless, and tasteless. • People can slip them into drinks without being noticed.

Sometimes referred to as the date rape drug.

Types:• Ecstasy- can cause permanent brain damage• GHB- very dangerous in combination with alcohol. Can

cause sleep, coma, or death• Rohypnol- user blacks out ( 2-8 hours) • Ketamine- causes hallucinogens and dreamlike states. May

result in death through respiratory failure.

• Pg. 284 Refusal Skills

• “ You are at a friend’s birthday party. During the party a helium balloon pops and your friend inhales the gas from the balloon. It makes his voice squeaky, and everyone laughs. Then others start popping the balloons and inhaling the gas. Your friend hands you the balloon and urges you to try it. What do you do?”

• Used to increase muscle strength and size, enter the body through needle injections, and has many negative side effects.

• Puffed Up

• What activities could be life-threatening if you lacked balance, timing, coordination, and normal vision?

• Activity• Quiz 5: Students have 10 minutes to complete

quiz five.

• Drugs can damage your health. Can cause permanent damage and even kill you.

• Can mess up your body and mind• Interfere with ability to succeed in sports• Damage memory• Destroy goals and dreams• Destroy relationships• Drugs are illegal and get in trouble with law• Make wiser decisions• More natural energy• Control over actions and feelings• Not waste money• Respect yourself

• Participate in sports or get involved in school clubs

• Develop a hobby• Get involved in community service• Play games with friends• Identify students who may use drugs and stay

away• Learn to handle stress, so you aren’t tempted to

use drugs• Stay connected to a trusted adult

• Take pride in refusing drugs. • You are refusing to damage your body, mind,

relationships, and future. • You are not alone in this decision. • STOP- Say No thank you, tell why, other activities,

and promptly leave.

• Think about everything you would be giving up, if you didn’t stay drug-free.

• It is up to YOU to protect your dreams and future.

• Two student volunteers. • Have each student extend one arm and place the palm of the hand up. • Place six marshmallows in the palm of each volunteer’s hand. The

marshmallows represent peers. • One student will use refusal skills when pressured to use drugs while the

other will not. • Other students may quietly raise their hands and try to pressure the

students… example “one puff won’t hurt you” or “everyone else is doing it”.

• Volunteer one will use refusal skills. • The other volunteer will close their hand and squeeze tightly each time they

are pressured. • Do for about 5 pressures. • Volunteer one was able to withstand the pressure, although he/she is around

peers she/he can make their own decisions.• Now volunteer two was pressured (have the student open their hand) and

now this student is “stuck with the consequences”.

• If you currently use drugs there are support groups to help you quit and treatment centers.

If you feel bored or lonely:• Learn a new sport or hobby• Start regularly being active• Volunteer• If you need help solving personal problems:• Talk to a trusted adult• Contact a hotline or support group• If you are tense and anxious:• Learn relaxation techniques• Get enough rest and be active• Use time management skills

In your group, come up with a skit for a teen who faces peer pressure to use drugs. The teen should discuss his or her reasons to stay drug free and use refusal skills to those pressuring them.

• Why does bailing a friend out of their problems created by drug use actually hurt them instead of help them?

• Name sources of information about health issues.• What are reliable sources? • Not all sources of information are equally valid. Printed materials, check

the credentials of the author and anyone the author quotes. Make sure information is based on a scientific study.

• Sources:• • Parents/ guardians/ trusted adults- based on personal knowledge

and experience• • Library resources-encyclopedias and nonfiction books on science,

medicine, nutrition, and fitness.• • Internet- govt. agencies, health care providers, universities, and

scientific publications• • Community resources- local health organizations, hospitals,

clinics, government offices, universities• • Media- newspaper and magazine articles by health professionals

and experts on current health studies.