Unit OneU.S. History
2019-2020
September 6th
Happy Friday!
Agenda
Note Taking Expectations (Demo)
Intro to Unit One Content
Review and Reflect
For the Weekend
Note Taking
•Hand Out
•Website
•Demonstration and Options
Essential Questions
How did the First Contact impact the New World and the Old World?
What were some of the consequences?
Are there lasting impacts that we can still readily see today?
Who is Christopher Columbus?• What do you know?
• Italian born, sailed for Spain Why?
• Goals? Finding the East Indies
Spice Trade
Wealth
• Indios
• Arrest and Removal
Columbus on Trial• Write down answers to the following:
What stands out to you?
What did you learn?
What questions do you have?
How is this difference, if at all, from what you know about Columbus?
Can you judge a figure in the past by today's standards? Why or why not?
The Columbian Exchange
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-ND.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.
Native American Population
Summary Time!
Please take some time to summarize today's discussion
Happy Monday!
Native American
Regions and Tribes
Flashback to Friday
In your notes respond to the following questions:
• What was the 2-3 most important takeaways you had from Friday?
• What are the consequences, if any, from First Contact that can still be seen today in society?
What is our National Identity at this point?
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Northwest Coastal Tribes
Northwest Coastal Tribes• Economy: Fishing and gathering
• Building: Varied, rectangular cedar plank houses
• Social Organization: hierarchy; rights to a group’s access to fishing, collecting grounds determined by a hereditary wealthy elite; potlatch
• Religion: guardian spirits; salmon as supernatural
• Arts: Woodworking (cedar), totem poles, weaving
Northeast Tribes
Northeast Tribes• Economy: Farming (corn,
squash, beans) as early as 5000 BCE; trading cash crops for pearls, copper, silver
• Social Organization: women vs. men’s roles (depended on tribe)
• Buildings: Longhouses
• Art: Pottery and baskets
• Religion: Mounds for burial of dead
Southwest Tribes
Southwest• Economy: Earlier groups farmed
• (Anasazi, Hohokam);
• Later tribes (arriving from NW)
• hunting and gathering (Apache, Navajo)
• Buildings: Pueblo (towns); irrigation systems, roads, hogans (Navajo mud and bark round house -faced east)
• Arts: Baskets and pottery
• Religion: Revolved around crops, ceremonies for rain; shamans
Southeast Tribes
Southeast Tribes
• Economy: Rich agricultural land, corn
• Social Organization: Complex large cities (Cahokia on the Mississippi pop. 40,000 c.1000);
• Five “Civilized Tribes” adopted European customs
• Arts: Pottery, arrow points
• Religion: Large mounds; Green Corn Dance
Plains Tribes
Plains Tribes• Economy: agriculture (corn, beans,
squash) until arrival of horse 1500s then shift to hunting and gathering
• Buildings: Grass or earthen houses, then teepee for nomadic lifestyle
• Social Organization: Bands
• Religion: very diverse
Remembering 9/11
Howard Zinn• Critically Read
• Answer Questions
• Excerpt on my website
Howard Zinn Discussion• What is the thesis of this excerpt? Key evidence?
• What role did terrorism play in the conquest of the Americas according to Zinn?
• To what extent do the European conquerors represent America?
• Whose perspective should we take in studying history? The leaders or the people? The conquerors or the victims?
Native American Tribes Research/Case Study
Northwest
Southwest
Northeast
Southeast
Great Plains
Eastern Woodlands
Turn it in.com
Please register for our class on Turnitin.com
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Colonialism and the Colonies
Why do people move/immigrate?
Colonization of the "New" World• PUSH FACTORS:
• Lack of jobs in England
• Strict religious organizations
• Rigid class structure
• Land
• PULL FACTORS:
• Religious freedom
• Land
• Upward mobility
• Economic opportunity
Jamestown 1607
The FIRST place!
Came to make money
No Gold= no easy money
Trouble with the "Natives"
No real central government
Stability
4 years
What saved them?
Pilgrims!
Who are the Pilgrims?
Group of separtists seeking..?
Dissension upon arrival
Mayflower Compact
•First government system
The Mayflower Compact
As a table group, discuss what the Pilgrims valued.
What was the purpose of their
agreement?
What did they agree to do?
Read through the Mayflower Compact
The Colonies and Regions
New England Colonies (North)
North Economy
• Lumber was primary raw material
• Focused on producing/manufacturing some basic finished goods.
Ship building
Rum
• Large portion of urban economy was based around shipping ports
Views on Religion and Education• Puritans!
John Winthrop- City on the Hill
Roger Williams- founded Rhode Island-Religious Tolerance
• Value education for all
Education laws
Harvard founded 1636
Pilgrims vs. Puritans• Share with your groups your answers to the following:
What was the goal of each group?
How are the ideas in each document similar? Different?
What American ideals do you see in these documents? (Think Founding ideals)
What kind of society do you see forming from these foundations?
• City upon a Hill vs. The Mayflower Compact
• While the Pilgrims were Separatists, the Puritans were non-separating Congregationalists -- they believed the Church of England was the one true church and they were loyal to England, but not in the way they worshipped.
Puritans
• Wanted to purify the Church of England from within
Faced intense persecution
• Received charter for Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Great Migration – 20,000 people in roughly 15 years
Puritans• Family, community, hard work
Group discipline
Individual responsibility
Conserve food
Moderation of alcohol
• Bible as law, church as court
Could be prosecuted for not attending church
No excessive worship
Constant use of fear/fervor
All evil comes from Devil
Puritans
• Purity
Avoid sin at all costs
Sexuality praised within marriage, but severely punished outside
Maintained simple lifestyles to avoid temptation
Puritans • Men are in charge Women have no rights
Subordinate to men in all things
Unmarried, childless, or independent women often faced suspicion
Puritans
• NOT tolerant
Wanted religious freedom, but only so they could practice the Puritan way
Others not welcome
• Roger Williams
Spoke in favor of separation of church and state as well as Indian rights
Banished for holding “newe and dangerous opinions”
Left and formed Rhode Island and welcomed those of all religions
Puritans
• NOT tolerant Wanted religious freedom, but
only so they could practice the Puritan way
Others not welcome
• Anne Hutchinson Held Bible study meetings in
her home and didn’t follow rules of female society
Banished and joined Roger Williams
Ruled by Fear
• Cries of witchcraft
Fear of being discovered in sin led to blaming the devil
Accusations fell on those already facing hatred/suspicion
Quickly escalated out of control as fear took over
Ruled by Fear
• Many admitted to deals with the devil under pressure in order to avoid execution
Those who wished to “come clean” were declared to be saved to returned to the light
• Many refused to lie as it was itself a sin
Hanged for consorting with the devil
Accused of everything from curses to possession to murder
Social Hysteria Model
•Often irrational &/or ignorant
Fear
•Prejudice, paranoia
Hatred
•Violent, legal, political
Action
Where else have we or do we see this?
•Discuss some examples. Pick one and give details of the three steps of the formula for your example.
Middle Economy
• Livestock
• Mining
• Farming
Views on Religion and Education• Anglican
• Pennsylvania
Quaker and religious tolerance
• Fewer schools than the NE
Founded Princeton in 1746
The South
South Economy• Agricultural economy based on cash crop system
What is cash crop?
Tobacco
Rice
Indigo?
Cotton (emerges later)
Views on Religion and Education• Anglican
• James Oglethorpe
Philanthropic founder of Georgia colony for debtors/religious tolerance
• Maryland
Catholic haven
• Tutors for the wealthy
William and Mary College 1693
What did almost everyone who came to America want?
Indentured Servitude
• High supply of land
People want to own it, not work it
• Indentured Servants
Poor Englishmen who can’t afford passage
7-10 years of service for freedom, housing, stipend, land (sometimes)
• Why won’t this work forever?
Although slavery in the colonies began for economic reasons, it becamefirmly rooted in racism.”
What do you notice?
Middle Passage
Homework
Please register for TCI (online textbook)
Instructions are on the website
Please double-check your TII to make sure it is correct
What is our National Identity at this point?
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Jamestown DBQ
The Road to Revolution
French Indian War
French Indian War
Pontiac's Rebellion
• Colonists were expanding Westward-ly
• Native Americans respond by attacking Detroit and killing hundreds of settlers
• Proclamation of 1763
Colonists were not allowed to settle West of the Appalachian Mtns.
But do they listen?
Road to Revolution• French and Indian War
Debt – colonists will pay it
• Proclamation of 1763
Check the encroachment of Native lands
Colonists were supposed to move
First colonial rebellion
• Sugar Tax 1764
First to be enforced –limited protests
• Stamp Act 1765
Paid stamp on every paper – first direct tax for colonists (not in England)
Seen as unjust use of power, tyrannical (No Taxation without representation!)
Used to Salutary Neglect
Road to Revolution
• Declaratory Act
After Stamp Act repealed, reaffirmed British authority
• Townshend Act
Customs duties
Seen as direct taxes in disguise
• Boycotts
Colonial response to Townshend Act
Act repealed (minus tea tax)
• Boston Massacre
Heightened tensions
Creates Us vs. Them
Road to Revolution• Tea Act
Meant to help British East India company
Seen as threat to colonial merchants
• Boston Tea Party
Brought down the full might of British government on colonists
• Intolerable Acts: Boston Port Act, Mass. Gov't. Act, Administration of Justice Act,
Quartering Act
• Quartering Act: soldiers had rights to homes and food of colonists
Patriot feeling spreads, final straw
• Lexington-Concord 1775
First skirmish, British stopped and assaulted
Revolutionary War- The Beginning• Bunker Hill
Heavy British losses
Boosts Colonial Morale
Britain rejects the Olive Branch Petition
• Olive Branch Petition
Last chance to avoid war
Pledge loyalties back to GB
King George III says no
Revolutionary Battles• Colonist did not do well at first!
• Long Island/New York (summer 1776) British victory, realization of the war's longevity
• Ticonderoga (1777) Momentum to the British (war is not going well)
• Saratoga British surrender (Burgoyne)
French Support (Navy)
Turning point in the war
Battles cont.
• Trenton/Princeton
Surprise successful attack on mercenaries
Renewed colonists hope
• Philadelphia/New Jersey
Last major battle in the North
British retreat to New York
• Yorktown (1781)
British army surrounded by American/French troops
General Cornwallis surrenders after two weeks
• Treaty of Paris 1783
Homework:
• Read the Declaration of Independence Keep these questions in mind:
What American values do we see being formed in these pre-revolutionary events?
How are these values portrayed in the Declaration?
•Read the documents that pertain to your side
Debate Prep Homework
•Question: Are the American colonists justified in rebelling against British rule?
•Sides: King George III
Loyalists
Moderates
Patriots
Happy Friday!
Debate Day!
Please sit in your groups
You will have 5-10 minutes to begin to plan your opening arguments
Then we will start the debate!
Back Pocket Questions
Why shouldn’t American colonists help pay off the debt from the French and Indian War?
How might the Intolerable Acts be changed so they don’t punish so many for the actions of just a few?
The Revolution Cont.• Who Won?
• The Constitution
Articles of Confederation• •Government – now what?
• Articles of Confederation 1777
Independent State governments
Based on Declaration ideals
Not all men free!
• Limited central power
Declare war, foreign negotiations, postal system
No taxes
• Not ratified until 1781
• States hesitant to hand over power
• Problems with foreign trade, interstate commerce
Articles of Confederation
• Articles of Confederation
Northwest Ordinance 1787
Specifies how new territory will be governed
Lays out qualifications for statehood
Slavery banned in states in Northwest Territory
Shay's Rebellion
• •Farmers in debt
• •Debtors rebel to stop trials
• •Seize courthouse and attempt weapons
• •Congress unable to provide help
• •Highlighted need for stronger government
Constitutional Convention
•First meet in May 1787
• Instructed by Congress to revise not replace Articles
•America’s leading mindsBen Franklin
George Washington
Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
Enlightenment Reigns
•Key guiding Principles
•Natural Rights
•Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances
•Federalism (think nation v. state gov)
•Popular Sovereignty
• Independent Judiciary
The Compromises• The Great Compromise
Virginia Plan
Replace Articles
Bicameral Legislature based on population
• New Jersey Plan
Revise Articles
Unicameral with equal representation
• Compromise
Roger Sherman- signed Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution.
House = population, Senate = equal reps
Continue to Compromise• Three-Fifths Compromise
Slave counts for taxation vs representation
North vs. South
• Compromise
Every 5 slaves counted as 3 white
• Commerce
North vs. South
• Compromise
Congress = foreign trade and interstate commerce
No taxing exports, no outlawing slave trade until 1808
Electoral College
• Congressional vs popular vote for president
• Senators plus representatives = number of electors
• Elected president and vice president
• Explained
What is our National Identity at this point?
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How do you change the Constitution?• Explained
• "Living Document"
What does this mean?
• How do you do it?
Proposed by 2/3 of both Houses in Congress
Proposed by 2/3 of State Legislature to have National Convention
Ratification= 75% of states needed
• How many are there?
27 as of 2019
Judicial Review
• Marbury v. Madison 1803 (William Marbury vs. James Madison)
• "... the power of courts to strike down legislation deemed unconstitutional."
• "It established American judges' authority to review the constitutionality of Congress's legislative acts, and to this day the Supreme Court's power to review the constitutionality of American laws at both the federal and state level is generally rested upon the epic decision of Marbury v. Madison"
The Amendment Case Study• Pick an Amendment; Read the Amendment
• Use your textbook and phone to research your amendment
• Use the handout to create an image that represents the amendment
Explain how the image relates to the amendment and what the amendment is
• Final Product= Gallery Walk
• Take notes on other amendments as you walk around
Warm it Up!
What are 2-3 takeaways you have so far from this unit?
What are 1 or 2 things that you are still confused about?
Who is your favorite Musician??
Presidential Timeline
Warm Up!
• What are 2-3 takeaways you have so far from this unit?
• What are 1-2 concepts you are still struggling with?
• Who is your favorite musician? Current? All time?
Emergence of Political Parties
POLITICAL PARTIES TIMELINE OF POLITICAL
PARTIES(GREAT RESOURCE)
Political Parties
• Jigsaw
• Federalist or Democratic-Republicans
• Use the "Political Parties Emerge" G.O.
• Be prepared to share out your responses with other groups
Political Parties: A Reflection
• Homework: Please read the document on the website about P.P.
• Consider these questions as you read: Why did Political parties become so prevalent?
What do you think the Framers wanted?
Do you think we need more political parties in our system?
Should we try and get rid of parties all together?
Monroe Doctrine• James Monroe, 1823 (Coined in 1850)
• Result of Latin American revolutions
Spanish and Portuguese Colonies
• Claimed that the Americas were free from European involvement and colonization
• Any European involvement considered a hostile act
Keep "Old World" and "New World" separate
• Declared US intent to stay out of foreign wars
• Isolationism
• Invoked by Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Ronald Reagan
What is our National Identity at this point?
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Revisiting the PastNational Identity Timeline