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Unit Standard 7337
CARE FOR DOGS: ECTOPARASITES
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External parasitesFleasMange/ Mites
SarcoptesCheyletiellaEar mitesDemodex
LiceTicksRingworm – fungal infection
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Fleas Life Cycle
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Flea Eggs are laid in the coat and fall onto bedding/carpets
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Eggs can be seen on a black surface…
Flea eggs
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Flea larva
Flea larva
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Flea Larva in the coat
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Fleas feeding
Flea dirt- what is it?
Flea faeces
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Fleas on coat
Flea dirt is dried blood passed in faeces to feed larvae
Flea dirt on bedding
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Flea pupae form
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Pupae and hatching from cocoon
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Fleas on pet are the tip of the iceberg
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Flea saliva…..
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Flea Allergy Dermatitis – (FAD)
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Flea Allergy Dermatitis(FAD) is an allergy to flea saliva that
makes the dog itchy, so they start to scratch.
You might not even see a flea – but the bite sets off a reaction.
Breaking the skin allows bacteria to get in and the dog gets an infection
So what are bacteria?
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Flea Allergy Dermatitis ( infection)(Bacteria is a single
cell organism. They are capable of
reproducing on their own without the use of a host cell.
Bacteria exist in all environments
The dog will need treatment
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Three Pronged ApproachEffective treatment
programme MUST have1. kill fleas currently
on your pet 2. and kill fleas all
other animals in your household
3. kill fleas in the environment
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FleasSleeping
areas can be contaminated with eggs, larvae and pupae, plus shaded areas outside harbour all flea stages
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REMEMBER you will only see 5% of the actual flea population on your pet
The rest are on the house and garden – mainly where you sit and sleep
Fleas also carry Flea Tapeworm (Dipylidium caninum)
Bathing your dog will reduce fleas and help remove eggs and dirt from the coat, and if an insecticidal shampoo is used, kill, any live fleas on an animal but follow up treatment is always required.
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Flea spraysWhat are the
problems associated with using these?
ToxicityDo they workHow oftenPermethrin is toxic
to cats
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Top SpotsThese vary and not all
products are the same. Older style products can be toxic poisons and care must be taken when applying them. If you overdose, or share a dog product on cats, you might kill them.
http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/363769/Pedigree-killed-in-flea-product-mix-up- Bayer Spotton - see next slide
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Products to treat Fleas Spotton Liquid for Large Dogs (1ml)
Convenient once a month flea treatment for dogs
Using older technology Spotton for dogs provides a low cost flea treatment option from a pre measured tube.
Spotton is oil soluble and after application is distributed via the skin glands that supply coat oil. This method guarantees that the entire coat is protected after applying Spotton behind your dogs head.
200g/L Fenthion- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenthion
http://www.bayeranimal.co.nz/media/1656/Spotton%20Dog.pdf
classic symptoms of poisoning with Spotton's chemicals, known as organophosphates excessive salivation, slowed heart rate, shivering and shaking, depression and vomiting
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Top SpotsNewer products are a lot safer, but they
are not without side effects and there are laws coming into effect to check their action due to reports of side effects.
http://www.apnm.org/publications/resources/fleachemfin.pdf
DO NOT USE ON CHILDREN.
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Surface Top SpotsAbsorbed only through
oils ( Sebum) on coat and kill fleas quickly – as soon as they get on which is ideal for pets with FAD – eg Advantage= Imidacloprid
Frontline Plus is Fipronil + (s)Methoprene which is an Insect growth regulators that inhibit hatching of the flea pupa
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Products to treat FleasTop Spots
Products that are not toxic to the pet but are absorbed into the body – redistributed to oils to kill fleas, but also kill some worms and a selection of mites. E.g. Advocate http://www.bayeranimal.com.au/default.aspx?Page=50&ItemId=38
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RevolutionRevolution works by penetrating the skin and entering
your pet's bloodstream. Concentrations of selamectin, the active ingredient, in
the tissue and bloodstream prevent heartworm disease (useful in Australia and America. )
Selamectin also redistributes into the skin from the bloodstream and kills adult fleas, ticks, and ear mites, and prevents flea eggs from hatching.
It is also an anthelmintic, which means it fights to expel parasitic worms.
Parasites ingest the drug when they feed on the animal's blood.
Revolution is safe for pregnant and lactating pets.
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Topspots
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OthersPyripole
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FleasKeeping the fleas off
your pet treat every 4 - 8 weeks
(depends on species and product used)
ALWAYS CHECK LABELS FOR AGES LICENCED FOR – eg kittens and puppies
DO NOT USE ON HUMANS!!!!
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Applying productshttp://www.complet
ekiller.com/frontlineplus/killing-101/how-to-apply/
Use multiple areas on large dogs
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The EnvironmentVacuum carpets
regularly and discard debris.
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Flea contraceptives….Treat furnishings and
carpets throughout the home with combination I.G.R. treatment (Indorex Fogger, Indorex Target and Indorex Spray).
These inhibit pupa hatching and so on – read more herehttp://www.virbac.co.nz/p-virbacnzpuben/display.aspx?srv=p-virbacnz&typ=pub&lang=en&cmd=view&style=styles/popup.xsl&select=&generic1=sendfriend&fav=yes&contact=sendmail
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MITES
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Sarcoptic MangeMites
Sarcoptic mange Highly contagious It burrows into skin –
usually on ears, elbows, legs
Severe redness, scaly skin, hair loss and damage to skin from scratching
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Sarcoptic mange
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Sarcoptic Mange
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A severe case of scabies of the hand.
(Original image from Identification and Diagnosis of Parasites of Public Health Concern)
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Human - Scabies
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Cheyletiella MitesCalled “walking
dandruff” See in dogs, cats, rabbits
and humans Lives on skin and hair Causes white scaly flakes
and itchiness (pruritus). Can diagnose it with
sellotape and then look under microscope.
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Cheyletiella
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Dog with cheyletiellosis
http://www.vetcontact.com/en/pdf.php?k=35
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Rabbit with Cheyletiella
http://www.lakehowellanimalclinic.com/html/p_rabbit_2.html
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Cheyletiella
http://www.vetcontact.com/en/pdf.php?k=35
http://oslovet.veths.no/Teaching/rabbit/pathology/13.jpg
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Cheyletiella on an arm
Click icon to add picture
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Ear mites
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Ear MitesOtodectes
Live in external ear canal but can be found on the body
Head shaking, waxy discharge
Cats can be carriers with no signs
Speaker Notes Avail
50
Ear MitesCan cause a
secondary bacterial infection called Otitis Externa
Ear pinnae is red, hot swollen (inflammation)
Smelly ears“coffee grounds”-
black gritty discharge
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Check inside ear
Click icon to add picture
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Normal ear canal
Ear mites
See the ear mites!
Ear mites in canal
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Treatment
Click icon to add picture
Ear drops can be
used on all in contact
animals
There are injections
available – but they
are not licenced for
use in small animals,
so and special
permission is
required from owners
before vets can use
them
Also, not suitable for
all breeds of dogs ,
particularly collie
family.
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Demodectic Mange
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Demodectic mange
Demodex mite
Microscopic and transmitted by bitch to her pups
Found normally in hair follicles, but some dogs have immunity problem and it grows too much
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Demodex
Immune System
The immune
system is the
body's defense
against infectious
organisms and
other invaders.
Through a series
of steps called the
immune
response, the
immune system
attacks organisms
and substances
that invade body
systems and
cause disease
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Localised form of demodex
Usually see bald areas on head and neck
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Demodex
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Demodex- generalised
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Lice are very precise….Cat Louse Dog Louse
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The low-down on liceLice are wingless insects
that live their whole lives on pets.
Cats and dogs have their own species of lice, neither of which infect humans.
Lice live on your pet’s skin and feed on their skin debris.
Female lice lay their eggs in the pet’s coat and these become glued to the hairs. (nits)
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Lice
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The low-down on liceLice are not a common problem in healthy
pets – If they are unwell or very young pets are
more likely to suffer from them. They will make the pet itchy
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RingwormIs a Fungal
infection which is caused by microscopic organisms (fungi) that can live on the skin. They can live on the dead tissues of the hair, nails, and outer skin layers.
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RingwormCauses patches of
broken hair – usually in circular pattern
Contagious to other animals and people
Broken fur has spores in it that spread infection through environment or by contact
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Ringworm – is not a parasite!!!The lesion can be
checked – it can have fungal cultures taken.
Microsporum forms will be tested for “fluorescence” under a woods lamp but Trichophyton does not show this way
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Ringworm
http://www.thedoodyguys.com/pethealth3.html
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Woods Lamp
http://www.thedoodyguys.com/pethealth3.html
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Ringworm in humans
http://www.petalk.com/ringworm.html
71http://www.thehedgehog.co.uk/ringworm.htm
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TreatmentPlus topical ointments/ drugs such as
griseofulvin. Treat animal - Treat environmentProtect other pets!