U.S. History 11Unit 3: Growth of theAmerican Colonies

NOTE PACKET 3-1COACH STYLES

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies, n.p. 1

• With the founding of Georgia in 1732, the last of the original 13 colonies was settled.

• But in between the first permanent English settlement at Jamestown in 1607 and the settlement of Georgia 126 years later, many things would change for the colonies.

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies, n.p. 1

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies, n.p. 1

From a rugged, undeveloped wilderness, the American colonists managed to carve out a life for those willing to take a chance, dare to make the treacherous trans-Atlantic voyage, and make a new life for themselves in this New World.

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies, n.p. 1

• But this transition was far from easy…

• During the first 50 years or so of colonization, life in English America was hard.

• A high proportion of those who sailed for the American shore died within the first year because of the hardships of the voyage.

• Indian attacks—starvation from crop failures—disastrous fires—epidemics of smallpox, dysentery, malaria, diphtheria, yellow fever—ALL TOOK A TREMENDOUS TOLL ON THE AMERICAN COLONIES.

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies, n.p. 1

• By the 18th century, conditions for colonists in America were much improved.

• Epidemics were still common so the health of the colonists was still uncertain, but this was also true in Europe.

• Prosperity became widespread in colonial America due to cheap land, a ready market for colonial exports, and the assurance that hard work and perseverance would pay off.

• What particular product—especially in the Middle and Southern colonies—would provide economic salvation for the colonies?

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies—NP 3-1

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies, n.p. 1

• As the English colonies in America grew, _____ between the colonies and with other countries increased.

• As the “mother country,” England wanted the majority of the benefits of this trade.

• The colonies in America were important to England for 2 main reasons:

1. The colonies supplied England with _____ and ____ _________.

2. The colonies __________ large amounts of English goods.

trade

raw materialsfood

purchased

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies, n.p. 1

• To ensure that England was the main benefactor of colonial trade, Parliament passed the Navigation Act of 1651, requiring that all colonial _______ must be carried on English ships.

• This act was a tremendous aid to Britain’s shipping industry (its main purpose was to eliminate Dutch competition from colonial trading routes), but many colonists resented these new laws.

• In what way would this act adversely affect the colonies?

• Cut the colonists out of the profit gained—British exports and not colonial exports.

exports

• For the most part—England left the colonies alone.• In the mid-1600s (1640-1660), the English ignored the

colonists for another reason.• From 1640-1660, because of the _______ _____

_____, England paid very little attention to her American colonies.

• A.K.A.: “The English Revolution”—• Provoked by the behavior of King Charles I (big believer

in the “Divine Right” of kings—did not hold himself accountable to Parliament.– Also a big supporter of the Anglican Church, alienating

many….?– Protestants

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies, n.p. 1

English Civil War

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies—NP 3-1

KING CHARLES IOLIVER CROMWELL

• The war itself was between the King’s army and the Parliamentary Armies led by Oliver Cromwell.

• After the armies of Charles I were defeated, he was convicted of treason and executed.

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies—NP 3-1

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies—NP 3-1

• Cromwell governed England until his death in 1658.

• After the death of Cromwell, Charles II (the son of the beheaded King who spent the previous 9 years in exile in France ) was restored to the English throne.

• 1st cousin of whom?• Louis XIV of France

• As the internal conflicts in England settled down with the end of the English Civil War, England’s focus shifted to economic matters and back to one of her main sources of revenue…

• Her American colonies. • Which brings us back to

the economic concept of…

• ____________ (def): Economic policy under which government exercises control over ________ and _____ in accordance with the theory that a nation’s ________ should outweigh its ________.

• The rulers of England believed that the colonies could produce raw materials not only for England’s own use, but also for England to sell to other countries.

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies—NP 3-1

Mercantilism

industry trade

exportsimports

• In 1660, King Charles II approved a stronger version of the earlier Navigation Act:

Colonial ______, _______, and _______ could be sold ONLY TO ENGLAND.

Any (other) colonial products sold to another country were required to pass through English ______ and pay ______.

All colonial trade had to be carried on English ______.

• After 1660, when King Charles II began to supervise his empire more closely, he learned it was much easier to keep tabs on the colonies and their activities if he did it through the royal governors that he himself appointed.

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies—NP 3-1

sugar tobaccocotton

portstaxes

ships

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies—NP 3-1

• England—not the only European country to adhere to the policies of mercantilism and as various countries adopted these theories, relations between them began to change.

• Intense rivalries developed over trade routes and territory. • This time period: Very instrumental in the eventual formation of

the American system of government as a tradition of SELF-GOVERNMENT was established in the colonies.

• From LAST UNIT: basically 3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF COLONIES IN AMERICA: 1) ROYAL 2) PROPRIETARY 3) CHARTER

• Over time, because of the need of the King to oversee his colonies, several if the CHARTER and PROPRIETARY colonies were transformed into ROYAL colonies with royal governors APPOINTED by the English government.

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies—NP 3-1

• By the early 1700s, most colonial governments shared a similar pattern of government:

The King appointed a _________ who acted as chief executive.

________ _________ served under the governor

Legislature included an ________ _______ (mostly wealthy landowners appointed by the King.

governor

Colonial legislature

advisory council

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies—NP 3-1

_______: Patterned after those of England_____ ____________: Mainly for purposes of

collecting taxesTYPES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:New England Colonies: “______”Middle Colonies: “_______”Southern Colonies: “_______”

CourtsLocal governments

TownCounty

Parrish

• As “Chief Executives,” the colonial royal governors wielded a great deal of power—they could call and dismiss the legislature, veto any act passed by the legislature, served as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, sat on the colony’s Supreme Court, could grant pardons, appoint and fire judges, pass out land grants, regulate colonial trade, and held supremacy over many religious affairs.

• The legislature had the right to initiate all funding bills, created and passed laws regarding defense and taxation, and called assemblies.

• At face value, who held the majority of power in the colonies—the Royal Governors or the colonial legislatures?

• With the “POWER OF THE PURSE”—the power to set and administer salaries to ALL public officials and all funding…

• The colonial legislatures (not the governors) dominated colonial governments. (ADD TO BOTTOM OF NOTE PACKET)

• The governors had to depend on the legislators to get paid.

Unit three: Growth of the American colonies—NP 3-1