Unit V Test Review

United States History Mr. Zambrano

WoMeN’s Involvement in WWI =

Women’s Rights to Vote• After much work by women during World War

I, demands for suffrage grew. • As a result of their efforts during WWI,

Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment in 1919 and states ratified it in 1920.

• The 19th Amendment guaranteed women the right to vote.

The Teapot Dome Scandal• Oil-rich public lands in Teapot

Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, California were set aside for the U.S. Navy.

• Land was transferred illegally by Albert B. Fall from the Navy to the Interior Department, then it was secretly leased to two private oil companies

• Albert B. Fall was given $400,000 in illegal money

• He was found guilty of bribery and became the first American to be convicted of a felony while holding a government post.

• The Teapot Dome scandal showed the corruption in the Harding presidency and led Americans to begin second guessing their government.

Wealth in the 1920s

• During the 1920s most of the nations wealth was in the hands of a few large corporations.

RADIO COMES OF AGE

Radio and movies were the most powerful communications medium to emerge in the 1920s

News was delivered faster and to a larger audience

Like radio, movies allowed people across the country to share popular culture

Changes in the Early 1900s:Mass Production

• Henry Ford and other industrialists used assembly lines to increase the speed of production…

• Thus, the automobile industry used mass production more efficiently than other industries.

Impact of the Automobile

• The automobile launched the rapid construction of gasoline stations, repair shops, public garages, motels, tourist camps, and shopping centers.

• The automobile liberated the isolated rural family.

Modern Advertising• Advertising companies hired psychologists to study how

to appeal to people’s desire for youthfulness, beauty, health, and wealth.

• Due to an influx of new consumer goods modern advertisement emerged.

1920s Advertising

SACCO & VANZETTI

Two Italian immigrants who were arrested for robbery & murder in

Massachusetts.

Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco (Dedham courthouse, 1923)

•Many protested the conviction…They believed it was based on a fear of foreigners.Sacco and Vanzetti were found guilty because of their ethnicity and because they were immigrants

Ku Klux Klan KKK

•The KKK was revived because of the Red Scare and because of nativist attitudes against immigration. •During the 1920s the KKK targeted African-Americans, Catholics, and Jews.

EMERGENCY QUOTA SYSTEM (1921)

• Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act of 1921.

• It set a limit on how many immigrants from each country could enter the U.S. each year.

• In 1924, a new quota limited immigration from Eastern & Southern Europe…mostly Jews & Roman Catholics.

PALMER RAIDS• Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer set up an

agency in the Justice Dept. to arrest communists, socialists, & anarchists (later became FBI).

• The Palmer Raids trampled the Bill of Rights.

LINDBERGH’S FLIGHT

America’s most beloved hero of the 1920s wasn’t an athlete but a small-town pilot named Charles Lindbergh

Lindbergh made the first nonstop solo trans-Atlantic flight

He took off from NYC in the Spirit of St. Louis and arrived in Paris 33 hours later to a hero’s welcome

PROHIBITIONThe 18th

Amendment was passed in 1920

This Amendment launched the era known as Prohibition

The new law made it illegal to make, sell or transport liquor

Prohibition lasted from 1920 to 1933 when it was repealed by the 21st Amendment

Volstead Act

• The Volstead Act was passed to enforce the 18th Amendment.

• It was unsuccessful because it was poorly funded and lacked support.

ORGANIZED CRIME

Prohibition contributed to the growth of organized crime in every major city, it gave criminals a new source of income, and disrespect for the law through bootlegging & smuggling increased.

Chicago became notorious as the home of Al Capone – a famous bootlegger

Capone took control of the Chicago liquor business by killing off his competition

Al Capone was finally convicted on tax evasion

charges in 1931

THE FLAPPER

During the 1920s, a new ideal emerged for some women: the Flapper

A Flapper was an emancipated young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes

SCOPES TRIAL

In March 1925, Tennessee passed the nation’s first law that made it a crime to teach evolution

The ACLU promised to defend any teacher willing to challenge the law – John Scopes did.Scopes was a biology teacher who

dared to teach his students that man derived from lower species

THE LOST GENERATION Some writers such as

Hemingway and John Dos Passos, and F. Scott Fitzgerald were so soured by American culture that they chose to settle in Europe

In Paris they formed a group that one writer called, “The Lost Generation”

They ridiculed Americans for their greed and materialism.

John Dos Passos self – portrait. He was a good amateur painter.

Ernest Hemingway

Ernest Hemingway, wounded in World War I, became one of the best-known authors of the era

In his novels, The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms, he criticized the glorification of war

His simple, straightforward style of writing set the literary standard

Hemingway - 1929

Great Migration

Between 1910 and 1920, the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities

Migration of the Negro by Jacob Lawrence

AFRICAN AMERICAN GOALS

Founded in 1909, the NAACP urged African Americans to protest racial violence

NAACP also fought for legislation to protect African-Americans and worked with anti-lynching organizations.

W.E.B Dubois, a founding member, led a march of 10,000 black men in NY to protest violence

MARCUS GARVEY - UNIA Marcus Garvey believed

that African Americans should build a separate society (Africa)

In 1914, Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association

Garvey claimed a million members by the mid-1920s

He left a powerful legacy of black pride, economic independence and Pan-Africanism

He called for African-Americans to return to Africa

Garvey represented a more radical approach

HARLEM RENAISSANCE

Harlem, NY became the largest black urban community

In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival among African-Americans.

The Harlem Renaissance was led by well-educated blacks with a new sense of pride in the African-American experience

LANGSTON HUGHES

Missouri-born Langston Hughes was the movement’s best known poet

Many of his poems described the difficult lives of working-class blacks

LOUIS ARMSTRONG

Jazz was born in the early 20th century

In 1922, a young trumpet player named Louis Armstrong joined the Creole Jazz Band

Armstrong is considered the most important and influential musician in the history of jazz

DUKE ELLINGTON

In the late 1920s, Duke Ellington, a jazz pianist and composer, led his ten-piece orchestra at the famous Cotton Club

Ellington won renown as one of America’s greatest composers