UNIT3 - FORESTRY
TOPIC 2 – FOREST USES
FOREST USE 1 - RECREATION Recreational uses of forests include:
HikingFishingCanoeing SolitudeCampingHuntingFishingATVingBikingSkiingBerry-pickingBird-watching
FOREST USE 2 - HARVESTING COMMERCIAL CUTTING
Cutting for INDUSTRY USE, such as PULP and PAPER, SAWMILLS, and VALUE-ADDED WOOD PRODUCTS
COMMERCIAL CUTTING . . . EXAMPLE: KRUGER CBPPL
1500+ employees800+ woodlands40-50 rural communities
COMMERCIAL CUTTING . . . EXAMPLE: LUMBER PRODUCTION1670 commercial and domestic sawmills in NL
3000 people employed in this province
FOREST USE 2 – HARVESTING DOMESTIC CUTTING
Cutting for HEATING or SUPPLEMENTAL HEATING of our HOMES
In 1993, 33 % of the population in NL used WOOD as either a PRIMARY or SECONDARY source of heat
Each year, about 450,000 cubic meters of wood is harvested for use as fuel.
FOREST USE 2 - HARVESTING VALUE-ADDED WOOD PRODUCTS
Wood and wood-products can be processes and worked into many fine products, such as:GuitarsKitchen CabinetsHardwood FlooringFurnitureMaple SyrupWood Pellets
FOREST USE 3 – ECONOMY In addition to employment in HARVESTING ACTIVITIES, there are many other forest-related careers, includingCONSERVATION ex: wildlife officer
ECOTOURISM ex: outfitting, sight-seeing
RESEARCH ex: soil scientist
UNIT 3 - FORESTRY
TOPIC 3 – FOREST CHARACTERISTIC
S AND TYPES
FOREST TERMINOLOGY BIOSPHERE
The living portion of Earth BIOME
Subdivision of the biosphereOne Biome is the FOREST BIOME
FORESTA community of living organisms in which TREES are the dominant form of life.
FOREST TERMINOLOGY CANOPY
The “roof” of a forest with the crowns of the dominant trees and other vegetation.
UNDERSTORYThe area below the canopy, made up of shrubs, snags, and small trees.
FOREST FLOORThe lowest level of the forest, which is made up of tree seeds, dead leaves and needles, grasses, ferns, flowers, fungi, and decaying plants and logs.
FOREST TERMINOLOGY CONIFEROUS TREE
“Cone-bearing” or soft wood Waxy, evergreen needles Examples:
Spruce, pine, fir, cedar Products:
Pulp and paper, lumber, plywood
DECIDUOUS TREE Hard wood Shed leaves every winter, new buds in the
spring Examples:
Birch, maple, cherry, walnut Products:
Furniture, flooring
FOREST CATEGORIES There are 2 MAJOR FOREST CATEGORIES:TROPICAL FOREST
Tropical Rain ForestNON-TROPICAL FOREST
Boreal (Taiga)Temperate Deciduous Temperate Rainforest
TROPICAL FOREST Greatest Biodiversity
1 km2 may contain as many as 100 different tree species
Located near equator in TROPICAL REGION No Winter, Only a rainy and a dry season Temperatures 20 – 25oC all year Precipitation occurs all year, with an annual
rainfall of about 2000 mm Soil is nutrient-poor and acidic Canopy is multilayered and continuous,
so very shaded on forest floor Biggest Threat is DEFORESTATION due to
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
BOREAL FOREST The world’s largest land biome Found across Eurasia and North America
Short, moist, warm summers and long, cold, dry winters
Precipitation is mostly snow Soil is thin, nutrient-poor and acidic
Canopy permits low light penetration, so understory is limited
Biggest threat is LOGGING
TEMPERATE FOREST Located Below Boreal Regions Well-defined seasons Fertile soil Precipitation is about 75-150 cm per year
Canopy is penetrated by light, allowing for a diverse understory
Biggest threat is URBANIZATION
CANADIAN FORESTS Canada is sometimes referred to as the “land of forests”, with forests covering 45 % of the total land area of Canada
Forest have shaped our trade, commerce, as well as our art and literature.
Canada has nearly 10 % of the world’s forests.
CANADIAN FORESTS . . . In CANADA, About 90% of our forests are CONIFEROUS.
About 1% of our forests are DECIDUOUS.
About 9% of our forests are MIXED STANDS.
UNIT 3 - FORESTRY
TOPIC 4 – THE VALUE OF FORESTS
WHAT IS THE VALUE OF FOREST?
Students must work in groups to find examples of each type of value relating to forests in our world.SOCIALECONOMICECOLOGICAL
WHAT IS THE VALUE OF THE FOREST?
ECOLOGICAL
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
SOCIAL VALUE - FOREST A “way of life”
Historical ties/ “sense of place”
Spiritual importance
Recreational significance
SOCIAL/CULTURAL VALUES
ECONOMIC VALUE $ - FOREST Pulp and Paper Lumber/Sawmilling Industry Value-Added Industry Other
Tourism/RecreationOutfitters, Eco-tourism
Bio-fuel ProductionWood pellets, Briquettes
Specialty ItemsWreaths, Wine, Jam, Pharmaceuticals,
Furniture, etc.
ECONOMIC VALUES
ECOLOGICAL VALUE - FOREST Climate Regulation Carbon Storage Water Cycling Soil Stabilization Reduce Air Pollution Animal Habitat Watersheds
ECOLOGICAL VALUES