Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler

German troops invade Poland

Peace treaty that ended World War IGermany given total blame for World War I

Germany was forced to do four things:1) Dismantle most of its military

2) Pay for most of the damages done during the war (reparations)3) Withdraw its military along border between F rance and Germany

4) Give up territory used to create countries of Poland and Czechoslovakia.

Great War left allof Europe in shambles

Great Depression hit Europe as well

Instability of Europe led to the

Europe after World War I

Totalitarian state: Government which attempts to control every aspect of the lives its people; people give blind

loyalty to their leaders

Joseph StalinSoviet Russia

Benito MussoliniFascist Italy

Adolf HitlerNazi Germany

European dictators of the 1930s

Nazi rally in Nuremberg Fascist rally in Italy

outlawed other political parties

A Great World Leader?The world had a different

view of H itler in 1937

In the four years after H itler took power, unemployment had dropped dramatically, Germany was in industrial powerhouse, and they even

hosted the Olympics

Hitler was even chosen Time

the Year in 1938

Nazi Germany Fascist Italy

Imperialist Japan

Neutrality Act of 1935Made it illegal for U.S.

businesses to sell arms to foreign

countries

Neutrality Act of 1937Required foreign

countries to pay for U.S. goods with cash instead of credit and

ship goods themselves

Leaders in Congress felt it was big business that drew the U .S. into World War I

Hitler ignores the Treaty of Versailles and reoccupies the Rhineland in 1937

Hitler and the Germans occupy

Austria in 1938

Austria

In 1938, H itler wants Sudetenland, threatens to invade

Czechoslovakia

Leaders of France and Great Britain call for a meeting with

Rhineland Poland

Czechoslovakia

Hitler meets with British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin and F rench diplomat Edouard Daladier in Munich, GermanyHitler says the Sudetenland is his last desire to complete

Neville Chamberlin , Adolf Hitler and EdouardDaladier

Giving in to someone in order to avoid conflict

Chamberlain returns to London and declares that he has secured

The British and the F rench were willing to give H itler and the Nazis whatever he

wanted in order to keep from having to go to war

Within a year, Hitler claims the rest of Czechoslovakia

Germany Invades Poland on September 1, 1939

World War II Begins!!!

BLITZKRIEG

Focused on hitting enemy quickly using airplanes, fast-­moving tanks and moving troops by mobile transport

Great Britain France

United StatesSoviet Russia

THE ALLIES

In 1940, Hitler turns to the West and conquers France

The Fall of France

Germany conquers France

England was the only thing left standing to keep Hitler from conquering all of Europe

After conquering Poland and France, Hitler attempted to

conquer the England

The Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain was four-­month air battle between the British RAF and the German Luftwaffe

The British won the battle and Hitler and the Germans gave up on their plan to invade England

Roosevelt revises the Neutrality Acts

Neutrality Act of 1939 U.S. sells Great Britain warships in exchange

for military bases

Some Americans are

assistance to Allies

Americans who want the U.S. to remain

Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt

Staunchly believed in isolationism

Firmly opposed any American intervention or aid to the Allies

Herbert Hoover Charles Lindbergh

Famous members of AFC

1940 Presidential Election Electoral Votes

Roosevelt becomes FIRST (and ONLY) U.S. President to be elected more than twice (he is later elected to a fourth term)

Lend-­Lease Act passed in 1941Allowed the U.S to

lend or lease arms to any country that was

considered vital to the defense of the

United States

U.S could send weapons to Great Britain if Britain

promised to return or pay rent for them

after the war

Government goes from a

government controlled by the military

Japan needed more natural resources

Japan takes over part of Manchuria in Treaty of Versailles

Military conquers rest of Manchuria in 1933

Japan takes control of Indo-­

China, in 1941Japan wanted

Indochina for its abundance of

natural resourcesU.S. places an oil

embargo on Japan until it withdraws

from Indochina

December 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor is the U.S. naval base in Hawaii

for its Pacific Fleet

USS Arizona on fire and sinking after Japanese attack

21 ships damaged or sunk188 planes destroyed

Over 2,400 killed or injured

FDR calls December 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

The USS Arizona, where 1,177 crewmen died after two direct hits

Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

A Japanese torpedo bomber takes aim at a US ship

Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

The USS Shaw suffers a direct hit

Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

Planes on fire at Hickam Airfield during attack at Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

Japanese airplanes prepare to take off from a Japanese aircraft carrier

Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

USS West Virginia on fire after the attack

America on the Home Front

Mobilizing the economy created almost 19

million new jobs and nearly doubled the

War ends the Depression

Mobilizing: building a military, building war materials in factories,

etc.

America mobilizes for war

Mobilizing for WarWar Production Board

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Government agency that set priorities and

production goals. It also had the authority to

control the distribution of raw materials.

Government agency that had the power to make loans to companies

to help them cover the cost of converting to war production

War Production ramps upPresident Roosevelt declared a

national emergency and ordered that U .S. factories

build 50,000 warplanes a year

Henry Ford created an assembly line to build B-­24 bombers

Automobile companies began to make trucks, jeeps, and tanks. They also made rifles, mines,

helmets and other pieces of military equipment

A segregated U.S. militaryAfrican Americans had separate barracks, mess halls, and recreational

facilities

Blacks were organized into their own military units

Numerous military leaders did not want blacks

fighting in combat because they did not trust them

Blacks make contributions

Benjamin O. DavisF irst black to reach the

rank of GeneralTuskegee Airmen

F irst all black fighter pilot squadron in U .S. history

Numerous African Americans made important contributions to

the war effort during World War I I

Navajo Code Talkers

A group known as the Navajo Code Talkers were U.S. Marines

of Native American descent who used their native language

as code during the war

Native Americans also made

contributions to the war effort

Bracero Program Government

introduced program to help farmers in the

Southwest overcome the labor shortage

Over 200,000 Mexicans came to the United States to help harvest fruits and

vegetables

Contributions of womenF irst women other

than nurses to serve in the U .S. Army

WOMEN in the WORKPLACEBecause of wartime labor

shortages, factories are forced to hire women to do industrial jobs

traditionally reserved for men

Great symbol of the campaign to hire women

Appeared on posters and in newspaper ads

Eventually 2.5 million women went to work in shipyards, aircraft

factories, and other manufacturing plants

Women Ordinance

Workers (WOW)

Their work permanently changed American

attitudes about women in the workplace

BLACKS in the WORKPLACE

FDR issues Executive Order 8802Outlawed discrimination in the hiring

of workers in defense industries

Fair Employment Practices CommissionFirst civil rights agency set up by the federal government since the 1870s

A. Philip RandolphFounder of the Brotherhood

of Sleeping Car Porters a major union for African

American railroad workers

Led first organized African American labor movement

Shift to the SunbeltSun Belt is a region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the South and West

The region led the way in manufacturing and

urbanization in the U.S.

Many Americans

moved to the South and

West during the war

Japanese Internment

U.S. military rounded up 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry 77,000 of which were

U.S. citizens and put them in places called internment camps to keep watch on them

Following Japanese attack on Pearl

Harbor, American distrust of anyone of

Japanese decent grew massively

Japanese InternmentJapanese were not allowed to live on

the west coast, including all of

California

Executive Order 9066President Roosevelt authorized the internment

Law allowed local military to designate " military areas " as " exclusion zones " , from which " any or all persons may be excluded. "

Japanese InternmentKorematsu

v. United States

U .S. Supreme Court case concerning the

legality of internment of Japanese

American citizensSupreme Court ruled that internment was legal because it was based on military urgency, not race

Japanese American F red Korematsu sued

saying his rights were being violated

Fred Korematsu

Rationing begins in AmericaGovernment rationed goods such as sugar, butter, milk, cheese, eggs, coffee, meat , gasoline and canned goods

Ticket for rations of gasolineHouseholds were given a book of

ration coupons each month. When they used all their coupons, they

could buy no more items that month.

Victory GardensAmericans volunteered to plant gardens to produce more food People grew their own food so

the troops would have more

Natural resources in short supplyGovernment

organized scrap drives for the war

effort. These materials

included old tires, metal, paper and

old rags.

Invest in America: Buy War BondsTo help the war

effort financially, the government asked citizens to buy war bonds

When Americans bought bonds,

they were loaning money to the government

Americans bought nearly $50 billion worth of war bonds. F inancial institutions bought back about $100 billion dollars worth in

the years following the war.

Propaganda during the warPropaganda tried to sway public opinion to support the war effort

Propaganda portrayed the enemy as someone

who was a threat to you and your family

Propaganda during the war

These  posters  addressed  the  religious  differences  between  the  Nazis  and  many  Americans

Propaganda during the war

This  poster  reminded  Americans  of  the  atrocities  that  the  Japanese  had  committed  against  the  U.S.

Propaganda during the war

American

to war

World War II in Europe

Dwight D. Eisenhower Franklin D. Roosevelt

Omar Bradley George S. Patton

Supreme Commander of

the Allied forces in Europe;

planned Allied invasion of

Europe

President of the United States for

most of World War I I ; was elected to a third and fourth

term of office during the war

Commander of the U .S. Army in

Europe; led the American forces

in the Battle of the Bulge; later

Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff

U .S. general during World War I I who

played a large part in the U .S. victories in

I taly and North Africa; nicknamed

U.S. builds up its militarySelective Service and Training Act passed

Recruits sent to basic training

for eight weeks to prepare them for how to fight

in warThey learned how to handle weapons, read maps and dig

ditches

U.S. government

starts the draft

European Theater

Battle of the Atlantic

By August of 1942, German submarines had sunk 360

American cargo ships

Because of the heavy losses, the U.S. set up a convoy

system for its trade ships

Battle of the Atlantic during WWII pitted German U-­boats

against Allied convoys

Cargo ships traveled in groups and were escorted

by navy warships

Hitler conquers most of Europe

The Axis powers of Germany and Italy controlled much of Europe by 1941

Before taking Poland in 1939, Hitler signs a non-­

World War I I starts in 1939 when Hitler invades Poland

Hitler conquers F rance and the Low Countries by the Spring of 1940

Hitler attempts to invade England but

loses Battle of Britain

Hitler turns his attention to the East and wants to

conquer Soviet Russia

England

France

Russia

Germany

Italy

Germany invades RussiaOperation Barbarossa

When the harsh Russian winter hits, the German offensive stalled and the Germans were stopped

outside of Moscow and Stalingrad

Hitler and the Nazis break their peace

agreement with Russia and invade in 1941

Germans move to the outskirts of Moscow

and Stalingrad by the end of 1941

Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point of the war on the Eastern Front

First major defeat for the

Germans in World War II

Casablanca Conference

Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at Casablanca

Meeting of British Prime Minister Winston

Churchill and U .S. President F ranklin D . Roosevelt in1943 in

North Africa

Churchill and Roosevelt met to discuss plans for

an Allied invasion of Europe

Leaders agreed that the first step would be an

invasion of I taly

Allies invaded Italy

The invasion began in July of 1943.

U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, called Italy

Europe.

The defeat of the Germans

to arrest Benito Mussolini and begin negotiating for

Operation OverlordThe Allied Invasion of Europe

General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the chosen to command

the invasion force

Make the Germans have to fight the

war on two fronts

Free Europe from German control

D-­Day

Allies land at five beaches, nicknamed:

June 6, 1944The Allied

invasion of Europe

UTAH

Landings occurred on the beaches of Normandy, France

NormandyFRANCE OMAHA GOLD

JUNO SWORD

D-­DayThe Allied invasion of Europe

The invasion was successful and the Western Front was born

June 6, 1944

Allies sent in hundreds of ships and thousands of men in first three days of the attack

Battle of the Bulge

Hitler uses his best forces to attack the Allies in an effort to reach a stalemate

Last major offensive of World War I I by H itler and the Germans in the Ardennes Forest in 1944

Allied lines in an attempt to break through, but were turned back

Fall of the Third Reich

Russian troops from the East were entering Berlin in

April, 1945

Following the Battle of the Bulge,

Germany had nothing left to stop

the Allied forces

American forces were pouring

Western border

In April, 1945, Adolf Hitler and his top commanders committed suicide

V-­E DayVictory in Europe

DayOn May 7, 1945,

the Germans surrendered

World War I I in Europe was over

U .S. focus shifted to Japan in the Pacific Theater

The Holocaust

The HolocaustAfter the war, the world

discovered that during the war the Germans had mass murdered millions of Jews

This attempted genocide of the Jewish race when

over 6 millions Jews were killed became known as

the Holocaust

The Holocaust

The Holocaust

The Holocaust

Coming up next:The War

in the Pacific

AMERICA in the

PACIFIC

Gen. Douglas MacArthur Adm. Chester NimitzCommander of the U .S. Army in the Pacific Theater;

surrender on September 1, 1945

U .S. President at the conclusion of the war; made the decision to drop the atomic bomb

on Japan

Harry S. TrumanCommander-in-

Chief of the United States

Naval F leet in the Pacific during World War I I

Pacific Theater

Japanese Co-­Prosperity SphereGreat Asia under the slogan

colonizers were to be expelled and Japan become

Japan conquered China and Indo-

Extent  of  the  Japanese  Empire  (1942) Japanese  Rising  Sun  flag

Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941

USS Arizona on fire during attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941

Gave a massive boost to the American morale

It showed the Japanese that the U.S. had the capability to attack their

mainland at anytime

Impact of Doolittle Raid

American air raid on Japanese capital of Tokyo in April of 1942Raid was planned and led by Lt.

Col. James "Jimmy" Doolittle B-­25 bombers were launched

from a U.S. aircraft carrier

James Doolittle (second from left) and his crew

Philippines falls to JapanFour months after its

attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese complete

the conquest of the Philippines

Before evacuating his command center in the Philippines, American commander Douglas

The Bataan Death MarchThe Japanese captured

75,000 Allied soldiers after its victory in the Philippines

The Japanese marched those that surrendered 60 miles with no

food or water. Over 6,000 died or were executed on the march.

Following its attack on Pearl Harbor,

Japan was planning an invasion of the

U.S.; needed island of Midway for a base

U.S. broke Japanese code and knew about

the plan to attack Midway; U.S. leaders

set a trap

Battle of MidwayBattle was the turning point of the War in

the Pacific

Japan was on the defensive for the remainder of the war

Following the U .S. victory at the Battle of Midway, the tide of the

War in the Pacific turned

U .S. went on the offensive and began taking back islands that

Japan had conquered before 1942

U .S. re-captured strategic islands and by-passed others,

leaving Japanese troops cut offThis strategy was called

Chang Kai-­Shek, FDR, Winston Churchill

MacArthur returns to the PhilippinesOne of the key U .S.

retaking the Philippines

To take back the Philippines, the United

States put together a huge invasion force

In March of 1945, American troops

finally recaptured the capital city of Manila

As he had promised nearly three years before, U .S. Commander Douglas Macarthur had returned

Japanese use kamikazesFollowing the Battle of Midway,

Japan was on the defensive

The Japanese began using an attack tactic known as

Kamikaze was the Japanese

was a suicide attack.

In a kamikaze attack, a Japanese pilot would crash his plane into a U .S. ship A  kamikaze  attack  hits  the  USS  Essex in  1944

A  Japanese  kamikaze  about  to  hit  the  USS  Missouri

War in Pacific intensifies

U.S. Marines raise flag atop Mt. Suribachi on Iwo Jima

As Americans move closer to Japanese mainland,

each island becomes tougher to take

Japanese soldiers fight to the death and refuse

to surrender

Thousands of U.S. soldiers die taking islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa

Manhattan Project

Albert Einstein

The project to develop the first nuclear weapon (atomic bomb)

Albert E instein wrote a letter to F DR warning

him of the type of destruction splitting the

atom could have

Research convinced F DR to begin a program to build an atomic bomb

Robert Oppenheimer, left, was the director of the Manhattan Project

Decision to drop the bomb

Harry S. Truman

Truman talks over plan to drop atomic bomb with his Secretary of War

Person making the decision to use the atomic bomb is U.S. President Harry Truman

Truman became president after F DR dies of a brain hemorrhage in early 1945

Reasons Truman decides to use A-

bomb: 1) Japanese soldiers were fighting to the death 2) Japan would not surrender

Atomic bomb dropped on Japan

(left) A mushroom cloudrises above Hiroshima afterthe bomb exploded (below)

the atomicbomb that was dropped onHiroshima (right) Enola Gayand its pilot Paul Tibbits.

F irst atomic bomb was dropped on H iroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945

Three days later, another bomb was dropped on Japanese city of Nagasaki

Aftermath of atomic bomb

Aftermath of atomic bomb

The dropping of the atomic bombs on H iroshima and

Nagasaki led to the unconditional

surrender of Japanon August 15, 1945

V-­J Day: Victory over Japan

The war is over!!

The war is over!!World War II officially came to and end on September 2, 1945

Gen. Macarthur oversees the Japanese surrender aboard the USS Missouri

Aftermath of World War IIThere were four main results of World War II on the world

An estimated 60-80 million people were killed during the war, over half

of which were civilians

The United States and Soviet Russia

Europe was split in half between the Democratic West and the Communist East

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f1/World_War_II_Casualties2.svg

Creation of United NationsA last result of World

War II was the creation of a new world peace-­keeping organization

the United Nations

The UN was founded to stop wars between

nations, and to provide a platform for nations to

discuss differences

Coming up in Unit 8

The Cold War

Democracy vs. Communism