United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010...

United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 1

eGovernment in Europe at the crossroad between the past and the future

Gianluca Misuraca

IPTS Information Society Unit

United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21 June 2010

e-Government Development and Knowledge Management: Challenges and Trends

The views expressed by the author are not necessarily those of the EC


Outline

1. IPTS research on eGovernance & Social Computing

2. eGovernment: past and present-future

3. eGov2.0: impacts and implications

4. EU eGov policy focus and the Digital Agenda for Europe

5. Visionary scenario-designs and challenges ahead


IPTS: Part of DG JRC of the EC: 7 Research Institutes across Europe

Mission: “to provide customer-driven support to the EU policy-making process by developing science-based responses to policy challenges that have both a socio-economic as well as a scientific or technologicaldimension”

Institute for Prospective Technological Studies


Information Society Unit

http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu


• Exploring ICT-enabled governance models in EU cities (EXPGOV) http://is.jrc.es/pages/EAP/EXPGOV.html– 60% of EU cities believe new models of ICT-enabled governance are emerging (IPTS-EUROCITIES survey, 2009-2010)– Need of developing a conceptual and measurement framework to capture/measure ICT-driven changes on governance and policy impacts

• Participative Roadmap on future research on ICT for governance and policy modelling (CROSSROAD) www.crossroad-eu.net– Huge potential for open and collaborative governance– Need of multidisciplinary research in order to go beyond the traditional eGovresearch domains

Research agenda on e-Governance

National Technical University of Athens

(Coordinator)(Coordinator)

Tech4i2 Limited European Projects & Management Agency

University Koblenz‐Landau Joint Research CentreEuropean Commission


1. Research work supported by JRC, INFSO, EAC & ENTR2. http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu/publications/pub.cfm?id=28193. http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu/publications/pub.cfm?id=2820


The eGov paradox: widening unbalance growth of supply and consumption

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

2001 2007Full online availability index for citizens EU15 10% 50%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

2003 2007% of Internet users

sending eGovernment forms EU15

12% 24%

+ 400% + 100%

Online availability index for citizens EU 15: 2001/2007

Online availability index Austria : 2001/2007

% of Internet users sending eGov forms EU 15: 2003/2008

% of Internet users sending eGov forms Austria: 2003/2008

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2001 2007Full online availability

index Austria 15% 100%

+ 567%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

2003 2007% of Internet users

sending eGovernment forms Austria

13% 20%

+ 54%

Sources: Elaboration by Codagnone & Osimo, European Commission, 2008


eGov Users (and non users)

Source: Codagnone & Osimo, European Commission, 2008

L M0 H

L

M

H

Digital inclusion

So

cial in

clu

sio

n

= currently potential eGov consumers

= currently eGov Non-consumers

basics:simple,

but better targeted services

DIGITALNATIVES

Colour of forms indicatesRadical

innovations:

Trendy & Mobile(new services/ cross-

border services)

Web 2.0

Web 3.0

Highly interactive

services

Mashed-upgovt

Dropouts :multi-channel ,

eIntermediaries, better policy and

service design, pre-emptive solutions

Digital reluctant: win minds

plussimple

but useful services

Potential climbers:

ad hoc most needed services


The ‘present’ future: implications for government

Source: Gartner, 2008

The future is already here…

…it is just unevenly distributed

William Gibson, Science Fiction Writer

United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010

From e-GOV expansion….

To Web 2.0 proliferation


Social Computing uptake in EU27

26%

64% 36%

74%

0 100 200 300 400

Internet users

SC users

users non users

EU 27500 millions

58%

91%

42%

8%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Internet users

SC users

users non users

Young (15-24)

millions

Source: IPTS estimation based on EUROSTAT 2008 & Flash EB N.241


Disclosure

Specialisation

Skills seeking

User PyramidUser Pyramid

Information sharing

Social networkingCollective intelligence

Collaborative content

Collaborative filteringDirect collaboration

Many

Few

Long-tailinnovativeactivities &specialised

communities

Social innovation

Social Computing usage

Source: IPTS, 2009


Socio-economic impacts of Web2.0

Users empowerment in content creation, peer support and service delivery

Driver of social and organisational innovation

Improvement of internal work processes, products and services

New knowledge and tools for learning, healthcare management and socio-economic inclusion

Gathering of collective knowledge to enhance political participation and mass-collaboration

Better informed and evidence-based policy-decision making

Image: http://www.bumblenut.com/drawing/

Source: IPTS, Impact of Social Computing, JRC-ST Report 2009


PS2.0: Case Studies


Sour

ce: M

isur

aca,

IPTS

, ST

Rep

ort 2

009

Opening-up of new channels for political participation and public engagement

Obama2.0 Presidential Campaign & Open Government StrategyAustralian Government2.0 approach EU eParticipation preparatory actionsWikileaks (www.wikileaks.org), ratemy…teacher/doctor/cop/councillor, etc,The “Iran’s Twitter revolution” & the “Chinese Golden Shields”…

Enhancing professional collaboration and knowledge management of civil servants

ePractice.eu (www.epractice.eu)Jurispedia (http://jurispedia.org )LawGuruWiki (http://wiki.lawguru.com)

Increasing user-involvement and social empowerment

MyBikeLane (www.mybikelane.com)Fixmystreet (www.fixmystreet.com) Theyworkforyou (www.theyworkforyou.com)FarmSubsidy (http://farmsubsidy.org)Followthemoney (www.followthemoney.eu)

Innovating organisational and regulatory dynamics

Intellipedia (www.intelligence.gov)Peer-to-patent (www.peertopatent.org)Creative commons & OpenLaw initiativesEU projects: Lexipation, CitizenScape, TID

Governance implications of Social Computing

United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010

Governance Challenges

Increased sensitivity to non-state proposals

and interactions

Managing heterogenous

dynamics

Integrating Legacy in perpetual

change

Seamless arbitration

and regulation

Boundary issuesBoundary issues Legal issuesLegal issues

Technical issuesTechnical issuesManagement issuesManagement issues

Source: Misuraca, 2009


Time

PoliciesLandmarks

1999

Readiness- Strategy

- Awareness- Infrastructure- Digital divide

Availability- Maturity stage- User centric

- Pan-European Back-office

- Interoperability- Service sharing

2005

Impact - Efficiency

- Effectiveness- Take up

- User satisfaction

User centricity- Empowerment- Inclusive eGov

- Web 2.0

2006-08

Governance- Policy modeling

- Participation- Web 2.0

2009-102004

Lisbon Review

eEurope 2005

eEurope 2002

i2010

FP7 & CIP

EU eGov Policy focus evolution



EU Policy Context for Future eGov

eGovernment Ministerial Declaration (Malmö, Sweden, November 2009)EU Swedish Presidency Conclusions from Visby Conference (Nov. 2009)

The Granada Strategy for a Digital Europe (April 2010, EU Presidency)

Granada Ministerial Declaration on the European Digital Agenda: Agreed on 19 April 2010

A Digital Agenda for Europe COM(2010)245 – 19.05.2010to deliver sustainable economic and social benefits from a Single Market based on fast and ultra fast Internet and interoperable applications

Digital Agenda Implementation Guidelines

eGovernment Action Plan (currently under development)


eGoverment in the Digital Agenda

EU Member States are committed to making user-centric, personalised, multi-platform eGovernment services a widespread reality by 2015

Develop and deploy cross-border public services onlineImplement seamless eProcurement services Mutual recognition of eIdentification and eAuthenticationMake eGovernment services fully interoperable

Overcoming organizational, technical and semantic barriersSupporting IPv6 implementationApply the EIF at national level by 2013

Trust and Security in the Digital SocietyEuropeans will not embrace technology they do not trust – the digital age is neither ‘big brother’ nor ‘cyber wild west’

Enhancing digital literacy, skills and inclusionThe digital era should be about empowerment and emancipation; background or skills should not be a barrier to accessing this potentialInclusive digital services


Open Governance in the Digital Europe

eCommission Action Plan on open and transparent eGovernment at EC level

ICT-enabled benefits for the EU societySmart use of technology and exploitation of information will help us to address the grand challenges facing society like climate change and the ageing population

Open Government Action Plan (Granada Strategy)Promote transparency and citizens’ participationFacilitate access to and re-use of PSIPromote organisational, legal and technical mechanisms to ensureimplementation of eGovernment strategies (Lisbon Treaty, section 197) EU Citizens rights framework Digital services that favour citizen mobilityeGovernment solutions in order to improve efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability in the provision of public services


Governance of the Digital Agenda

Source: A Digital Agenda for Europe – COM(2010)245


From information overload to collective intelligenceEnsuring trustValidity and reliability of informationProtection of personal identity data

“Power of information is nothing without control”Managing volatility Unleash user control (self management is a viable assumption?)Managing participation overload & Scalability of user involvement

Emergence of techno-elitesHarnessing the role of neutral instigators (and dealing with not so neutral ones)

Dealing with issues of data protection and competition in UGCMaximise PPP in social innovation of public services

The policymakers’ dilemmas

Redefine Institutional Designs & Governance models

Source: Lusoli, Misuraca, 2009


Beyond i-2010 eGov Scenarios

Medium

Governance/Service Delivery

Soci

ety:

dig

ital i

nclu

sion

Full

Open to 3 rdparties

NO GOVERNMENT

Government only

ONE STOP ccGOV

SILOS GOVERNMENT

TAO GOVERNMENT

users

government



Policy Recommendations for Future eGov

Strategic level: invest in ICTs allowing better integration, visualisation and modelling of information on the need of constituencies to improve policies and service design

Managerial and operational back-office level: invest in simpler ICTsto lower the organisational bottleneck to cross-agencies integrationsmaking possible the cooperation between public and private sector

Front office operational level: invest in futuristic human/computer interaction applications to lower users’ barriers and increase consumption

At general level: adopt easy and simple technologies that make cheaper to provide more and better information and services


CROSSROAD Visionary Scenarios:Digital Europe 2030

Source: Misuraca, 2010, CROSSROAD – Draft Visionary Scenarios Design D.2.1, CROSSROAD Workshop, Seville, 29-30 April 2010)


The School of Athens, Raphael (1483-1520)

Governance


Challenges ahead

Nykodymus (photobucket.com)


[email protected]

http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu

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