D-3 UNITED STATES ARMY AVIATION CENTER FORT RUCKER, ALABAMA May 2008 STUDENT HANDOUT (LOT 11) TITLE: AH-64D WEAPON SYSTEMS FILE NUMBER: 11-1025 Proponent For This Student Handout Is: United States Army Aviation School Fort Rucker, AL 36362 FOREIGN DISCLOSURE STATEMENT: This product/publication has been reviewed by the product developers in coordination with the Ft. Rucker foreign disclosure authority. This product is releasable to students from foreign countries on a case-by-case basis.
Transcript
D-3
UNITED STATES ARMY AVIATION CENTER
FORT RUCKER, ALABAMA
May 2008
STUDENT HANDOUT
(LOT 11)
TITLE: AH-64D WEAPON SYSTEMS
FILE NUMBER: 11-1025
Proponent For This Student Handout Is: United States Army Aviation School Fort Rucker, AL 36362
FOREIGN DISCLOSURE STATEMENT: This product/publication has been reviewed by the product developers in coordination with the Ft. Rucker foreign disclosure authority. This product is releasable to students from foreign countries on a case-by-case basis.
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TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
At the completion of this lesson you (the student) will:
ACTION: Troubleshoot the AH-64D Area Weapon System (AWS).
CONDITIONS: Given an AH-64D helicopter and Soldiers’ Portable On-System Repair Tool (SPORT) with Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) software, TM 1-1520-251-10, TM 1-1520-251-CL, and TM 1-1520-251-MTF.
STANDARD: In accordance with TM 1-1520-251-10 and the SPORT IETM software
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INTRODUCTION:
The AH-64D Weapon Systems provide the aircrew with a means of accurate and quick-response delivery of ordnance to selected targets. In order to ensure proper delivery of all ordnance to the correct target, maintenance personnel must be familiar with the weapon subsystem operation and boresight procedures. As an AH-64D Maintenance Test Pilot /Maintenance Test Flight Evaluator, (MP/ME), it is your responsibility to ensure that the Area Weapons System (AWS), Aerial Rocket System (ARS), External Stores System (ESS), and Captive Boresight Harmonization Kit (CBHK) are properly maintained, boresighted, and ready to respond when required.
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A. Enabling Learning Objective 1
After this lesson, you will:
ACTION: Identify the characteristics of the AWS Built-in Tests (BITs).
CONDITIONS: Given a written test and SPORT with IETM software and without the use of student notes or references.
STANDARD: In accordance with TM 1-1520-251-10 and the SPORT IETM software.
1. Learning Step/Activity 1
AWS
Figure 1. Area Weapon System
a. AWS
The AWS consists of the following major components:
NOTES
M230 AUTOMATIC GUN
TURRET
AMMUNITION HANDLING
SYSTEM
GUN CONTROL BOX TURRET CONTROL BOX
SYSTEM PROCESSOR WEAPONS PROCESSOR
ARMAMENT PANEL MPD LOAD MAINTENANCE PANEL
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Figure 2. M230E1 Gun
(1) M230E1 gun
(a) The M230E1 gun was developed specifically for use on the AH-64 as
an area fire weapon to neutralize or destroy light-armor vehicles.
(b) The M230E1 gun is a chain-driven, electrically fired, single-barrel,
30mm weapon mounted in the gun cradle of the turret assembly.
1) M230E1 gun characteristics:
a) Weight: 110 pounds
b) Range (maximum ballistic solution): 4200 meters
c) Range (maximum effective): 3500 meters
d) Rate of fire: 625 ±25 Shots Per Minute (SPM)
e) Time to rate: 0.2 second
f) Time to stop: 0.1 second
g) Clearing method: open bolt
h) Misfire: cycle through
i) Muzzle velocity: 2700 feet per second (fps)
j) Barrel life: 20,000 rounds
M230 30mm AUTOMATIC GUN
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2) M230E1 gun duty cycle
a) The duty cycle is a function of the crew to limit the number of rounds fired in a specific time period to reduce heat damage to the barrel.
b) The duty cycle is six 50-round bursts, with 5 seconds between bursts, followed by a 10-minute cooling period.
3) For burst settings other than 50 rounds, the duty cycle can be generalized as no more than 300 rounds fired within 60 seconds before allowing the gun to cool for 10 minutes, after which the cycle may be repeated.
Figure 3. Return Ammunition Feeders
(2) Ammunition Handling System (AHS)
The AHS transports, stores, and transfers a maximum of 1160 rounds of 30mm
linkless ammunition for the AWS using the Sideloader/Magazine Controller (S/MC)
and a maximum of 1200 rounds using the uploader/downloader.
NOTES
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Figure 4. Turret Assembly
(3) Gun turret assembly
(a) The gun turret assembly provides a remotely controlled flexible
mount for the M230E1 gun.
(b) The turret assembly is located on the underside of the fuselage,
between the crewstations, and is attached to the fuselage internally
at four points.
(c) The turret is an electro-hydraulic assembly that uses hydraulic fluid
from the utility hydraulic system at 3000 psi.
(d) The turret mounting structure is designed to absorb crash sequence
energy by collapsing along rail guides into a tunnel in the fuselage
between and below the crewstations.
NOTES
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Figure 5. Turret and Gun Control Boxes
(4) Turret control box
(a) The Turret Control Box (TCB) is located in the right Extended
Forward Avionics Bay (EFAB) and serves as the gun turret assembly
controller.
1) Arming and firing signals from the System Processor (SP) are routed through the TCB to the Gun Control Box (GCB).
2) Turret positioning commands from the Weapons Processor (WP) are routed through the TCB to the turret azimuth driver and the elevation actuator.
3) The TCB processes bolt position status from the GCB to derive rounds decrement during firing.
(b) The TCB is specific to the AWS and is not a redundant processor.
(c) A Burst Limit switch is located on the TCB.
1) The switch establishes the maximum number of rounds that may be fired with each trigger pull.
2) The selections are 10, 20, 50, 100, and ALL.
NOTE: Ensure the burst limit switch on the TCB is in the ALL position. If the burst limit switch is less
than the Multipurpose Display (MPD) Weapon (WPN) page burst-limit selection, the gun will fire
RIGHT FORWARD
AVIONICS BAY
GUN CONTROL BOX
TURRET CONTROL BOX
RIGHT FORWARD AVIONICS BAY
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the number of rounds selected on the TCB, then fail. Recycling the AWS power on the WPN
Utility (UTIL) page will clear this failure until the next trigger pull.
(5) Gun control box
(a) The GCB provides power to the gun drive motor to cycle the gun
during a firing sequence and provides the electrical pulses to fire the
ammunition.
(b) The GCB is located in the forward portion of the right EFAB. The
GCB is specific to the AWS and is not a redundant processor.
(c) Trigger release operation
1) When the fire signal is removed (trigger released), the GCB stops voltage to the gun firing circuits.
2) The GCB terminates gun cycling by removing 3-phase AC power, rectifying one phase of the switched 115 Vac power to 28 Vdc, and applying it to the gun drive motor, creating dynamic braking.
3) The bolt is stopped in the open position, optimizing safety.
Figure 6. Sideloader/Magazine Controller
(6) S/MC
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(a) The S/MC provides the interface link between the TCB, carrier drive,
left and right tensioners, sideloader, and WPs.
(b) The S/MC monitors the tensioners, during firing, for unequal tension
and increases or decreases carrier drive motor speed to equalize the
tension on the ammunition feed conveyor assembly.
(c) The S/MC stops the carrier drive motor when firing is ceased.
(d) The S/MC also provides dynamic rounds-count information to the
WP for munitions inventory. Rounds count is obtained from the
sideloader loadhead during up/downloading and from the TCB during
gun firing.
Figure 7. LOAD/MAINTENANCE PANEL
(e) LOAD/MAINTENANCE PANEL (L/MP)
1) The L/MP allows the groundcrew to enter and display AWS ammunition load data manually.
2) The L/MP interfaces with the crew MPDs through the SP and WP, providing the initial rounds count at aircraft power up.
3) If no input is made on the L/MP, the rounds count initialized at aircraft power up will be the last rounds count at aircraft shutdown.
4) The L/MP is located on the top shelf of the aft avionics compartment.
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5) The L/MP is a multifunctional panel that interfaces with systems other than the AWS. Specific load functions are accessed through the L/MP keyboard, referencing the menu display.
CAUTION
The L/MP incorporates a SQUAT ORIDE switch. If the switch is placed in the air position while
the aircraft is on the Squat switch (wheels on the ground), the ground safety limits for gun
depression are overridden, and, if actioned, the gun could be driven into the ground.
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CHECK ON LEARNING
1. What is the M230E1 gun duty cycle?
ANSWER:
2. The AHS stores a maximum of ______ rounds of 30mm linkless ammunition.
ANSWER:
NOTES
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B. Enabling Learning Objective 2
After this lesson, you will:
ACTION: Describe the AWS Maintenance Operational Check (MOC).
CONDITIONS: Given a written test and SPORT with IETM software, and without the use of student notes or references.
STANDARD: In accordance with TM 1-1520-251-10 and the SPORT IETM.
1. Learning Step/Activity 1
Figure 8. IETM AWS MOC/FIP Menu
a. The AWS Maintenance Operational Check (MOC) is found under ARMAMENT SYSTEM,
AREA WEAPONS SYSTEM in the IETM.
b. The AWS MOC is a complete end-to-end check of the AWS, consisting of over 100 steps.
The following is a summary description of the items covered in this MOC:
(1) The test begins by verifying that the appropriate Circuit Breakers (CBs) are closed,
and the TCB BURST LIMIT switch is set to ALL.
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NOTES
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Figure 9. Clear Gun
(2) Open the gun access door and verify there are no rounds in the round guide, bolt
carrier, or breech.
(3) If rounds are present, clear gun.
NOTES
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Figure 10. Gun Power Cable
(4) On the gun cradle assembly, attach P583 to J583.
WARNING
Personnel must remain clear of the gun travel area when power is applied. Gun subsystem
failures could cause turret to move when power is applied. Failure to comply could cause
injury to personnel. If injury occurs, seek medical aid.
(5) Apply electric and hydraulic power to the aircraft and ensure the PROCESSOR
SELECT panel switch is in the AUTO position.
NOTE: If this MOC is being run as a result of a pilot-reported discrepancy, and the maintainer has
knowledge of which WP was primary at the time the discrepancy occurred, perform the MOC with
the known WP selected. If the primary WP is unknown, and the MOC is completed without
detecting the reported discrepancy, perform the MOC again with the opposite WP selected.
(6) On the DMS UTIL page, select the WP as required.
(7) Select the method of uploading/downloading, either the sideloader or the Ground
Support Equipment (GSE) uploader/downloader.
(8) For this scenario, the sideloader will be used.
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Figure 11. Sideloader/Magazine Controller
(9) Check the S/MC for the absence of error codes and for proper illumination of all
display segments, indicators, and edge lights.
(10) Verify the Squat switch fixture is not installed.
NOTE: The following MOC requires the operator to initiate weapon subsystem Initiated Built-In Test
(IBIT) procedures via the MPD. MPD will barrier the specific weapon subsystem IBIT options if
any of the following apply: Aircraft is armed by either ARMAMENT panel. Aircraft is declared
airborne based on Squat switch status or use of L/MP SQUAT OVERIDE function. Any weapon
subsystem is actioned in either crewstation. Gun subsystem is disabled via the WPN UTIL page.
(11) Verify the L/MP SQUAT ORIDE switch is set to GND.
NOTES
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Figure 12. Switches IBIT
(12) On the CPG WPN UTIL page, disable the Rocket (RKT) and Missile (MSL) power and
ensure the gun power is enabled.
(13) Display the CPG DMS IBIT WPN/SIGHT page and select the CPG SWITCHES option.
(14) After completion of the CPG SWITCHES IBIT, run the Pilot (PLT) SWITCHES IBIT
from the pilot crewstation.
WARNING
Operator must ensure gun turret area is clear before selecting gun. Solenoid failure during
static test may cause turret to move, and injury to personnel or damage to equipment may
result. If injury occurs, seek medical aid.
(15) Select the GUN IBIT. The static series of the gun IBIT may last as long as
6½ minutes. Verify that the gun remains in the stow position during the static tests.
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WARNING
Operator must ensure gun turret area is clear prior to depressing ACK button. Doing so
initiates dynamic test sequences, and the gun turret will move. Failure to clear area before
authorizing dynamic tests could result in injury to personnel or damage to equipment. If
injury occurs, seek medical aid.
NOTE
If warning prompt is presented, and ACK button is not depressed within 2 minutes, aircraft will
automatically terminate gun IBIT sequence.
Figure 13. Gun IBIT Warning Page
(16) Upon completion of the static test sequence, the IBIT halts, and a warning page is
displayed.
(17) The operator must ensure personnel are clear of the turret area, then press the
Acknowledge (ACK) to start the dynamic test sequence.
(18) On the MPD WPN page, select GUN.
(19) Verify the gun remains in the stow position, with no evidence of pulsation.
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Figure 14. Squat Switch Fixture
(20) Upon completion of the gun IBIT, install the Squat switch fixture to simulate the air
mode.
WARNING
The following steps will activate gun turret. Ensure all personnel and objects are clear of
turret travel area before proceeding. If injury occurs, seek medical aid.
(21) From the CPG crewstation:
(a) Select the FIXED gun mode.
(b) Action the gun using the Optical Relay Tube (ORT) Left Handgrip
(LHG) Weapons Action Switch (WAS). Verify:
1) Crosshatched pattern is displayed in the ARM/SAFE status window, and gun control variable action labels are displayed.
2) The gun barrel elevation is approximately +6°.
(22) Deselect the gun.
(23) Remove and reinstall the Squat switch fixture to check for gun movement and
engagement of the turret hydraulic solenoid.
(24) Remove the Squat switch fixture.
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Figure 15. Gun Alignment Check
(25) Change the gun mode to NORM and select ALIGN from the DMS UTIL BORESIGHT
GUN page.
(26) On the ARMAMENT panel, set GND ORIDE to ON.
(27) Set the ORT WAS to GUN and verify the gun barrel elevation is approximately +9°,
then complete the following steps:
NOTE: The following steps will not affect aircraft boresight correctors or accuracy.
(a) On the GUN BORESIGHT page, select CENTER AZIMUTH and
enter 10, using the Keyboard Unit (KU).
(b) Select CENTER ELEVATION and enter 10, using the KU.
(c) Verify that the gun moved to the left boresight position at the
boresight rate of travel.
(d) On the ORT WAS, deselect the gun.
(28) On the ARMAMENT panel, set GND ORIDE to OFF.
(29) Set the L/MP gun rounds count to zero.
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CAUTION
If there is either too much slack or too much tension, damage may occur to the ammunition
handling system.
(30) Adjust the ammunition-handling system.
(31) Using the sideloader, cycle the ammunition carrier through a complete cycle to check
each of the individual feeders for damage.
NOTE: Leave gun access door open after uploading rounds.
Figure 16. Uploading 30mm Rounds
(32) Using the sideloader, upload 200 dummy rounds and check that the L/MP rounds
counter indicates 200 2 rounds.
NOTE: Wait one full minute before proceeding, to allow the Target Acquisition Designation Sight (TADS)
gyros to spin up.
(33) Enable TADS from the CPG WPN UTIL page, then sight-select TADS.
(34) Set Manual Range (MANRNG) to a value less than 4200 meters, select NORM gun
mode, and set the BURST LIMIT to 20.
(35) Arm the weapons system, select GND ORIDE to ON, and set the ORT WAS to GUN.
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(36) Use the ORT Manual Track (MAN TRK) thumbforce controller to position the TADS
and verify that the gun follows the TADS Line Of Sight (LOS).
CAUTION
Cartridges could be damaged by striking hard surfaces. Placing cardboard box or foam under
gun ejector port may prevent damage to cartridges.
(37) Pull and hold the WEAPON TRIGGER for 3 seconds or until gun motor cycling stops.
(38) Verify the gun rounds count in the gun icon of the WPN GUN page is 20 less than the
original number, 2 rounds.
(39) On the ORT WAS, deselect the gun and set the GND ORIDE to OFF.
Figure 17. Gun Bolt Position Indicator
(40) On the gun, verify the gun bolt position indicator is in any position except LOCK/FIRE.
(41) Using the sideloader, download all remaining rounds from the ammunition handling
system.
(42) The system is then shut off, and the test is complete.
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NOTES
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Figure 18. CPG and PLT Weapon Switches MOC
c. There are other MOCs in the IETM that are applicable to the gun system.
(1) Under the ELECTRICAL CONTROL INSTALLATION heading are MOCs for the CPG
and PLT weapon switches.
(2) These MOCs are the same switch IBITs found in the end-to-end MOC covered above.
NOTES
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Figure 19. Weapons Processor MOC
d. Selecting WEAPONS PROCESSOR under the ELECTRICAL CONTROL INSTALLATION
heading brings up the WEAPONS PROCESSOR MOC.
(1) The WP MOC takes you through an IBIT on each WP.
(2) After the WP IBITs, the boresight correctors on the DMS UTIL BORESIGHT page are
compared to the values written in the aircraft logbook.
(3) For the gun, these include left roll, center azimuth, center elevation, and right roll.
(4) If the numbers do not match, the correct numbers are entered on the GUN
BORESIGHT page.
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CHECK ON LEARNING
1. When performing the gun subsystem MOC, ___ dummy rounds are uploaded.
ANSWER:
2. ALIGN data entered through the DMS BORESIGHT GUN page will not affect boresight correctors or accuracy. (True/False)
ANSWER:
NOTES
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C. Enabling Learning Objective 3
After this lesson, you will:
ACTION: Identify the components of the Aerial Rocket System (ARS).
CONDITIONS: Given a written test without the use of student notes or references.
STANDARD: In accordance with TM 1-1520-251-10
1. Learning Step/Activity 1
Identify the AH-64D Aerial Rocket System (ARS) characteristics
a. M140 ARS
The M140 ARS provides AH-64D crewmembers with the capability to remotely select the
type of rocket warhead, fuze, and quantity desired, and fire the 2.75-inch/70mm Folding Fin
Aerial Rockets (FFAR) in two firing modes: independently (PLT/CPG) controlled or
cooperative (simultaneously PLT/CPG controlled).
Figure 20. ARS Components
(1) Components
(a) Pylon Interface Unit (PIU)
(b) Load/Maintenance Panel
(c) M261 Rocket Launcher
PYLON INTERFACE UNITS
LOAD/MAINTENANCE
PANEL
PYLON INTERFACE
UNITS
M261 ROCKET
LAUNCHER
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Figure 21. Pylons
(d) Pylons
Are mounted on the underside of the wings and provide mounting for:
1) The ejector rack which contains attaching lugs for securing the store to the pylon and the ballistic ejector for stores jettison
2) The Pylon Interface Unit (PIU) which provides the interface between the weapons processor and the pylon discrete signals
3) The pylon actuator which articulates the pylon in elevation by hydraulic power in response to pointing commands from the WP.
a) The ground stow mode commands the pylons to a stow position (–5°) so that the wing stores are parallel with the ground (level terrain).
b) The ground stow mode is automatically commanded when the Squat switch indicates GROUND, and either a rocket launcher or a Hellfire launcher is present.
c) The pylons can be ground stowed manually while in flight using the WPN UTIL page.
PYLON ASSEMBLY
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d) The flight mode commands the pylons to a single fixed position (+4°).
e) The flight mode is commanded ON automatically at takeoff when the Squat switch indicates airborne for more than 5 seconds.
f) In flight, the pylons remain in the flight mode until missiles or rockets are actioned.
g) Pylons are controlled independently through a range of +4° to –15° in elevation.
4) The pylons are equipped with hydraulic and electrical quick-disconnect provisions and contain electrical aircraft interfaces for the 2.75 inch Aerial Rocket System, auxiliary fuel tanks, and Hellfire Modular Missile System and servo control of rack position.
Figure 22. Pylon Interface Unit
(e) PIU
1) The PIU is a remote processor that communicates with the WP and provides interface to the M261 rocket launchers and pylon actuators. The PIUs perform rocket fuzing and squib ignition
2) PIUs are solid-state, Remote Terminal (RT), Line Replaceable Unit (LRU).
3) Each PIU provides the necessary Input/Output (I/O) and processing capability to control up to nineteen 2.75 inch FFAR.
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Figure 23. M261 Rocker Launcher
(f) M261 rocket launchers
1) The M261 rocket launcher carries and launches the 2.75-inch/70mm FFAR within the operating environment of the AH-64D helicopter.
2) Weight: approximately 82 pounds
3) Length: 65 inches
4) Diameter: 16 inches
5) Each rocket launcher has 19 individual rocket tubes.
6) Up to four rocket launchers (one on each pylon) with a total of 76 rockets can be mounted on the AH-64D helicopter.
7) Two top-mounted suspension lugs allow attachment to the wing pylon.
8) Two electrical connectors on the top of the launcher provide fuzing and firing interface. The forward connector provides the fuzing, and the aft connector provides the firing circuit.
9) Rocket pods can be jettisoned individually or all at once from either crewstation.
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Figure 24. STORES JETTISON Panel
(g) STORES JETTISON panel
1) The STORES JETTISON panel is located on the left console in the PLT and CPG crewstation. It provides the pilot or CPG with the capability to jettison individual wing stores.
2) Pressing one or more of the alternate-action pushbuttons on the STORES JETTISON panel will illuminate the selected pushbutton(s) to indicate that the stores jettison function at the selected station is armed.
3) Pressing an illuminated pushbutton a second time will cause that pushbutton’s light to be extinguished, indicating that stores jettison at that station is no longer armed.
4) Pressing the recessed JETT pushbutton will cause stores to be jettisoned from all armed stations.
NOTE: Only that crewstation arming the STORES JETTISON panel can disarm it. Once armed, either
1) The Emergency Stores Jettison switch is located on the flight control section of the collective flight control grip.
2) It provides the PLT or CPG, with the capability to jettison all external wing stores at the same time.
3) Pressing the guarded JETT switch will cause all external stores to be jettisoned from the aircraft at the same time.
NOTES
EMERGENCY STORES
JETTISON SWITCH
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Figure 26. LOAD/MAINTENANCE PANEL Switches
(i) L/MP
1) The L/MP is located in the right-hand aft avionics bay.
2) It provides the groundcrew with the manual capability to enter and display rocket weapon data and position pylons for loading wing stores.
a) Display and specify rocket type associated with each rocket zone.
b) Position the pylons (PYLON POS) for maintenance or loading stores (UP +4° to DOWN –5°).
c) Override the Squat switch (air/ground mode) setting to simulate airborne conditions for troubleshooting and testing on the ground.
CAUTION
There is no indication in the cockpit when the SQUAT ORIDE switch is in the AIR position.
The possibility exists that the AWS could be driven into the ground inadvertently.
3) The L/MP provides the aircrew with the capability to check/verify rocket type within each of the rocket zones on preflight.
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4) A weapon load page is provided on the MPD to permit aircrews to modify (override) the L/MP zone inventory in the event an entry error is made by the load crew during munitions loading or if an L/MP failure occurs.
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CHECK ON LEARNING
1. The AH-64D can carry up to_____ M261 rocket launchers.
ANSWER:
2. Each M261 rocket launcher has _____ individual rocket tubes.
ANSWER:
3. The ______ provide the fuzing and firing signals to each rocket.
ANSWER:
4. The STORES JETTISON panel allows for ______ jettison of wing stores while the Emergency Jettison button will jettison all stores.
ANSWER:
5. The LOAD/MAINTENANCE PANEL (L/MP) inputs can be viewed or overridden by the aircrew on the ______ page of the ______.
ANSWER:
NOTES
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D. Enabling Learning Objective 4
After this lesson, you will:
ACTION: Identify the Aerial Rocket System (ARS) safety and performance inhibits.
CONDITIONS: Given a written test without the use of student notes or references.
STANDARD: In accordance with TM 1-1520-251-10 and TM 1-1520-APACHE/LONGBOW IETM
1. Learning Step/Activity 1
Identify the AH-64D Aerial Rocket System (ARS).
Figure 27. Rocket Inhibits
a. Rocket inhibits
Rocket inhibits are organized into rocket system safety inhibits, when no rockets can be
launched from the aircraft; rocket pylon safety inhibits, when no rockets can be launched
from a specific launcher; and rocket pylon performance inhibits, when a launch sequence
will be aborted.
(1) Rocket system safety inhibits
The WP will abort the remainder of the rocket launch event if a safety inhibit is
detected during the launch event.
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(a) Vertical acceleration less than 0.5 G: ACCEL LIMIT
(b) For 2 seconds after a Hellfire missile separates from the rail ALT LAUNCH
(c) Rocket type select set to none and multiple rocket types are available
(independent for either crewstation): TYPE SELECT
(d) The selected sight is determined to be invalid or has failed: LOS INVALID
(e) If the sight mode has changed since trigger pull was initiated, the WP will inhibit
launch from all pylons until the trigger is released.
(f) The actioning crewmembers selected sight is FCR, and there is no NTS target:
TARGET DATA?
(g) The FCR is the active sight, and the target data (position error taken from both
aircraft and/or FCR range deviation error) has exceeded optimum parameters to
a magnitude that a safety inhibit is implemented: NAV DATA INVALID
(2) Rocket pylon safety inhibits
The WP monitors aircraft parameters and weapon status to determine if rocket
launches can be safely initiated from specific pylons.
(a) The WP will inhibit rocket firing for pylon position errors as follows:
1) If the selected sight is TADS or FCR and the pylon position
error is greater than 0.5 : PYLON ERROR
2) IHADSS is the selected sight and the pylon position error is
greater than 1.5 : PYLON ERROR
(b) If the gun is out of coincidence, the WP will inhibit rocket launches from both
inboard pylons: GUN OBSTRUCT
(c) If the aircraft is on the ground, and the pylon position associated with the next
rocket launch indicates less than –5°: PYLON ERROR
(3) Rocket pylon performance inhibits
The WP will abort the remainder of the rocket launch event, but not the current rocket
launch, if a performance inhibit is detected, and the weapons trigger is not depressed
to the second detent.
(a) The pylon(s) have reached an articulation limit (+ or –): PYLON LIMIT
(b) The FCR is the active sight, and the target data (position error taken from both
aircraft and/or FCR range deviation error) has exceeded optimum parameters,
resulting in a performance inhibit: NAV DATA?
(c) The selected range source is beyond the rocket-type maximum range (MK66
equals 7500 meters, CRV7 equals 9000 meters): BAL (BALANCE) LIMIT
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CHECK ON LEARNING
1. Vertical acceleration less than 0.5 G ACCEL LIMIT is a ____________ inhibit.
ANSWER:
2. An LOS INVALID message indicates a ____________ inhibit.
ANSWER:
3. If the pylons have reached an articulation limit, PYLON LIMIT, this indicates a____________ inhibit.
ANSWER:
NOTES
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E. Enabling Learning Objective 5
ACTION: Identify the characteristics of the AH-64D External Stores System major components.
CONDITIONS: Given check-on-learning questions and student notes and references.
STANDARD: In accordance with TM 1-1520-251-10 and TM 1-1520-APACHE/LONGBOW (IETM)
1. Learning Step/Activity 1
Identify the purpose, location, and description of the external stores components.
Figure 28. External Stores
a. External Stores System (ESS)
(1) Provides mounting and positional control of the external stores.
(2) Provides the means to selectively jettison or emergency jettison all external stores.
NOTES
M299 LONGBOW HELLFIRE LAUNCHER
AUXILIARY FUEL TANK
M261 2.75-INCH FOLDING FIN AERIAL ROCKET (FFAR)
LAUNCHER
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Figure 29. Pylon Location
(3) The external stores are mounted on the four pylons, positioned two on each wing.
(4) The ESS consists of four wing stores stations with provisions for installation of any
combination of the following:
(a) M299 Longbow Hellfire Launchers (LBHL)
(b) M261 2.75-inch FFAR launchers
(c) Auxiliary fuel tanks
NOTES
PYLON ASSEMBLY
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Figure 30. External Stores Major Components
b. Major components
(1) Pylon assemblies
(2) LOAD/MAINTENANCE PANEL
(a) Squat Override toggle switch
(b) Pylon Position toggle switch
(3) STORES JETTISON panels (one in each crewstation)
(4) Pilot and CPG collectives Emergency Stores Jettison pushbuttons
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CHECK ON LEARNING
1. What is the purpose of the External Stores System?
ANSWER:
2. The External Stores System has provisions for installation of any combination of what types external stores?
ANSWER:
3. What are the major components of the External Stores System?
ANSWER:
4. Where are the external stores mounted?
ANSWER:
NOTES
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE 6
ACTION: Identify the characteristics of the AH-64D pylon assembly components.
CONDITIONS: Given check-on-learning questions and student notes and references.
STANDARD: In accordance with TM 1-1520-251-10 and TM 1-1520-APACHE/LONGBOW (IETM)
2. Learning Step/Activity 1
Identify the purpose, location, and description of the pylon assembly components.
Figure 31. Pylon
a. Pylon assembly
(1) Provides the mounting interface between the rack assembly and the aircraft wing.
(2) Pan be articulated in elevation to aid in weapon aiming, aerodynamic flight, and
ground clearance.
(3) It provides the electronic interface between the weapon systems and the external
stores.
(4) Two pylons are mounted to the underside of each wing.
NOTES
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Figure 32. Pylon Fairings
(5) Pylon assembly major components
(a) Fairings (nose, forward, and aft)
1) Provide protection for the pylon components.
2) Provide smooth airflow around the pylon to reduce drag during flight.
3) The nose fairing surrounds the leading edge of the pylon.
4) The forward fairing surrounds the upper and forward sides of the pylon.
5) The aft fairing is mounted to the trailing edge of the pylon.
6) Are made of layered Kevlar®.
NOTES
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Figure 33. Frame
(b) Frame assembly
1) Provides an attaching point for pylon components and the pivot point for the rack.
2) Is attached to the bottom of the aircraft wing by four bolts.
3) Consists of a machined housing to provide mounting for the following:
a) Rack assembly
b) Top stow bracket
c) PIU mounting bracket
d) Wiring harness W459
NOTES
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Figure 34. Pylon Interface Unit
(c) PIU
1) Is a remote processor that communicates with the WP and provides interface to the M261 rocket launchers, external fuel tanks, and pylon actuators.
2) Is located on the rear portion of the pylon assembly, inside the aft fairing.
3) Is a solid-state RT LRU.
NOTES
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Figure 35. Rack Assembly
(d) Rack assembly
1) Is used to attach external stores to the aircraft and provides the means to jettison the external stores.
2) Is attached to the pylon assembly on each wing.
3) Consists of the following:
a) Rack assembly housing
1 Provides mounting for the rack assembly components.
2 Is a two-piece set consisting of a left and a right side.
b) Sway braces
1 Are used to stabilize the stores.
2 There are two sway braces for each rack, one at each end of the
housing.
3 Each sway brace has two adjustable screws, with locknuts, and
a pad attached by a ball joint.
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Figure 36. Suspension Hook Assembly
c) Suspension hook assembly
1 Holds and locks the stores to the rack.
2 Opens automatically during jettison to allow the stores to be
pushed away from the rack.
3 Is part of the internal rack assembly.
4 It consists of the following components:
a Hooks
Hold and lock the stores to the rack. They are either
opened automatically during jettison, or manually for
removal of the wing stores.
b Rods
Provide interconnection between the bellcranks and the
hooks.
c Forward bellcrank
i Provides the pivot point for the rod and link, and the lock
for the hooks.
ii Also contains a hole for a safety pin to ensure the hooks
cannot be unlocked.
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iii Is used to manually unlock and release the hooks.
d Aft bellcrank
Provides directional change between the link and the aft
rod, and the hook locked/unlocked indicator.
e Link
Provides mechanical interconnection between the fore and
aft bellcranks.
Figure 37. Ejector Assembly
d) Ejector assembly
1 Provides automatic unlocking of the suspension hooks and
pushes the selected store away from the aircraft.
2 Is located within the rack assembly and consists of the
following:
a Ejector subassembly
Provides mounting for the ejector components, directs
expanding gases to the ejector piston and plunger, and
houses the ejector cartridge firing contacts.
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b Cartridge housing
i The cartridge housing is a threaded cap with gas ports.
ii It supports the jettison cartridge and is located on the left
side of the ejector assembly.
3 Ejector piston
Pushes the selected store away from the rack
assembly.
4 Ejector piston retainer
Holds the piston rod inside the ejector
subassembly, using a detent ring, and stops the
piston during jettison.
5 Ejector plunger retainer
Holds the plunger retracted and stops the plunger
from exiting the ejector during jettison.
6 Fire contacts
Maintain the connection between the jettison
circuitry and the jettison cartridge.
7 Jettison cartridge
Is a fast-burning cartridge that produces
pressurized gas to enable the jettison process.
QUICK-DISCONNECT CONNECTORS
TOP STOW
BRACKET
ACTUATOR AND TOP PLATE ASSEMBLY
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Figure 38. Pylon Components
(e) Actuator and top plate assembly
1) Provides the means for elevation positioning of the rack. The actuator also provides angular position information to the pylon actuator controller.
2) Is mounted within the pylon frame, with the top plate attached to the pylon frame. The top of the actuator is attached to the aft end of the frame, and the bottom part of the actuator is attached to the rack.
3) Is electrically controlled and hydraulically driven. The top plate provides hardpoint mounting and hydraulic quick disconnects.
(f) Top stow bracket
1) Provides for mounting of connectors attached to W459 and stowage of unused connectors.
2) Is positioned on the front of the frame assembly.
3) Is a lightweight aluminum bracket with positions for mounting connectors.
(g) Quick-disconnect connectors
1) Allow for high-speed switching of electrical connection between the aircraft and the currently mounted external store.
2) Are positioned on the top stow bracket located on the pylon assembly.
3) Consist of a series of cannon-style plugs for connection to the various external stores.
(h) Pylon resistor unit
The pylon resistor unit is used in the Aerial Rocket Control System (ARCS) and
will be discussed in that lesson.
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CHECK ON LEARNING
1. What are the three fairings located on the pylon assembly?
ANSWER:
2. The pylon frame assembly machined housing provides mounting for which four components?
ANSWER:
3. Where is the PIU located?
ANSWER:
4. Which CBP provides power to the PIU3?
ANSWER:
NOTES
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F. Enabling Learning Objective 7
ACTION: Identify the controls associated with the AH-64D External Stores System.
CONDITIONS: Given check-on-learning questions and student notes and references.
STANDARD: In accordance with TM 1-1520-251-10 and TM 1-1520-APACHE/LONGBOW (IETM)
1. Learning Step/Activity 1
Identify controls associated with the External Stores System.
Figure 39. L/MP Pylon Control
a. L/MP
Only L/MP functions that are applicable to the ESS will be discussed in this lesson.
(1) Pylon Position toggle switch
A three-position, momentary (spring-loaded to center), toggle switch that allows the
groundcrew to position the pylons for loading and maintenance procedures.
(2) Squat Override toggle switch
A three-position, momentary (spring-loaded to center), toggle switch that allows the
groundcrew to simulate the aircraft "in air" state.
PYLON POSITION
TOGGLE SWITCH
SQUAT OVERRIDE
TOGGLE SWITCH
AFT AVIONICS BAY
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WARNING
When selecting the air mode, the M230 automatic gun can be fully articulated throughout the
azimuth and elevation axis. The potential for serious damage to the M230 or serious
personnel injury exists.
Figure 40. STORES JETTISON Panel
b. STORES JETTISON panel
The STORES JETTISON panels provide the crewmembers with the means to selectively
jettison any combination of external stores.
(1) The pilot STORES JETTISON panel is mounted in the left console, aft of the POWER
lever quadrant.
(2) The CPG STORES JETTISON panel is mounted in the left console, aft of the interior
lighting control panel.
(3) The STORES JETTISON panel incorporates six lighted alternate-action ARM
pushbuttons:
(a) L TIP
(b) L OUTBD (Outboard)
(c) L INBD (Inboard)
COPILOT/GUNNER STATION
PILOT STATION
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(d) R INBD
(e) R OUTBD
(f) R TIP
(4) Incorporates a JETT pushbutton to jettison the selected stores.
Figure 41. Jettison Button
c. PLT and CPG collectives Emergency Stores Jettison pushbutton switches
(1) Provides the crewmember the means to jettison all external stores simultaneously.
(2) Are located on each collective flight control grip.
(3) Are a metal cover–guarded, double-pole, momentary pushbutton switch.
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CHECK ON LEARNING
1. What is the purpose of the L/MP Pylon Position toggle switch?
ANSWER:
2. What is the purpose of the L/MP Squat Override toggle switch?
ANSWER:
3. What is the purpose of the STORES JETTISON panels?
Answer: ANSWER:
4. What is the purpose of the collective Stores Jettison pushbutton?
ANSWER:
5. Where is the CPG STORES JETTISON panel mounted?
ANSWER:
NOTES
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G. Enabling Learning Objective 8
After this lesson, you will:
ACTION: Identify the CBHK purpose and components.
CONDITIONS: Given a written test without the use of student notes or references.
