UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
GROUND-WATER RECONNAISSANCE STUDY
OF SELECTED SITES IN ROCKY MOUNTAIN
NATIONAL PARK AND SHADOW MOUNTAIN
NATIONAL RECREATION AREA
By Frank A. Welder
OPEN-FILE REPORT 71001
WATER RESOURCES
Colorado DistrictDenver, Colorado
March 1971
f ^ " ' 1 !C d j J
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORGEOLOGICAL SURVEY
WATER RESOURCES DIVISION
GROUND-WATER RECONNAISSANCE STUDY OF SELECTED SITES INROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK AND
SHADOW MOUNTAIN NATIONAL RECREATION AREA
By
Frank A. Welder Geologist
Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey*
for the National Park Service
Open-File Report 71001
Colorado District Denver, Colorado
March 1971
CONTENTS
Page
Abstract ................. * ......... 1
Introduction ......................... 2
Topography and climate .................... 3
Geohydrology ......................... 5
Results of site studies .................... 6
Results of detailed site studies ............... 28
Moraine Park (Site 1) .................. 28
Beaver Meadows (Site 2) ................. 31
Mill Creek (Site 5) ................... 31
Twin Owls (Site 12) ................... 32
Horseshoe Park (Site 13) ................. 32
Results of previous site studies ............... 33
Table Mountain (Site 31) ................. 33
Harbison Meadow (Site 32) ................ 34
Harbison Meadow Campground (Site 33) ........... 34
Timber Creek Campground (Site 34) ............ 35
Fall River Entrance (Site 35) .............. 35
Moraine Park Campground (Site 36) ............ 36
Selected references ...................... 37
Logs of test holes and observation wells ........... 38
ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
FIGURE 1. Index map showing report area .......... 4
2. Map showing location of study sites, Rocky Mountain National Park and Shadow Mountain National Recreation Area ..................... In pocket
3. Map showing location of Moraine Park (Site 1), Beaver Meadows (Site 2), Buck Creek (Site 3), Tuxedo Park (Site 4), and Mill Creek (Site 5) study sites .................. 14
4. Detailed map of Moraine Park (Site 1)showing proposed location of productionwell for Headquarters Area .......... 15
FIGURES 5-16. Maps showing:
5. Location of Glacier Basin Campground (Site 6), Glacier Basin Picnic Area (Site 7), and Bear Lake (Site 8) study sites ........ 16
6. Location of Longs Peak Ranger Station (Site 9)study site .................. 17
7. Location of Deer Haven Lodge (Site 10) and Wild Basin Ranger Station (Site 11) study sites .................. 18
8. Location of Twin Owls (Site 12) study site ... 19
9. Location of Horseshoe Park (Site 13)study site .................. 20
10. Location of Endovalley Campground (Site 14) and Rock Cabin Ranger Station (Site 15) study site .................. 21
11. Location of Milner Pass Road Camp (Site 16) and Phantom Valley Campground (Site 17) study sites .................. 22
12. Location of East Inlet Trailhead (Site 18)and Hilltop Ranger Station (Site 19) studysites ..................... 23
ii
ILLUSTRATIONS--Continued
Page
FIGURE 13.
14.
15.
16.
Location of Pine Beach Picnic Area (Site20), Recreation Area Headquarters (Site21), and Cutthroat Trout Bay Campground and Picnic Area (Site 22) study sites .
Location of Granby Entrance (Site 23), Sunset Point (Site 24), and Kamloop Cove (Site 25) study sites .........
Location of Inspiration Point (Site 26) and Harvey Island (Site 30) study sites
Location of Big Rock Campground (Site 27) , Moraine Campground (Site 28), and Roaring Fork Ranger Station (Site 29) study sites ..............
24
25
26
27
TABLES
TABLE 1. Summary of test drilling and estimate ofground-water potential at 20 sites ....
2. Summary of geohydrologic studies and estimate of ground-water potential at 10 sites . . .
3. Chemical analyses of water from test holes6 and 10, Moraine Park ..........
11
30
iii
Ground-water reconnaissance study of selected sites in
Rocky Mountain National Park and
Shadow Mountain National Recreation Area
By FRANK A. WELDER
ABSTRACT
An evaluation of the ground-water supply potential at 30 sites
within the Rocky Mountain National Park and Shadow Mountain National
Recreation Area was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1967 and
1968. The work consisted of a geohydrologic reconnaissance, well
inventory, and test drilling.
The study sites are underlain by Precambrian crystalline rocks,
Tertiary sediments, or Quaternary glacial and alluvial deposits. The
crystalline rocks are generally poor aquifers; however, some wells
intercepting fractures may yield as much as 10 gallons per minute
from wells 100 to 200 feet deep. Wells drilled in Tertiary sandstones
to a depth of 50 to 500 feet may supply 1 to 50 gallons per minute.
Wells drilled in unconsolidated glacial and alluvial deposits of
Quaternary age yield the largest supplies of ground water in the
Rocky Mountain National Park. These deposits commonly can supply
5 to 100 gallons per minute to wells.
INTRODUCTION
This report was prepared at the request of the National Park
Service as part of a study of the water resources of Rocky Mountain
National Park and Shadow Mountain National Recreation Area. The
purpose of the study was to determine the prospects of obtaining
ground-water supplies at 30 sites where new or expanded water supplies
are needed. Most of the sites studied are campgrounds, picnic areas,
sites for ranger stations, or living quarters for park personnel.
Ground-water supplies are desired in preference to surface-water
supplies at the sites because (1) ground-water supplies generally are
easier to maintain and to protect from contamination, (2) ground-water
supplies generally cost less because fewer structures (intakes,
treatment facilities, and pipelines) are required, and (3) many of the
sites are in use throughout the year and protection from freezing is
required.
Field work for this study was done in 1967-68 and consisted of the
following: a geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance to determine the
general ground-water supply potential at each site; inventory of wells
near each site; and test drilling to determine the character and
saturated thickness of the underlying rocks. Twenty-nine test holes
were drilled (a total footage of nearly 2,000 ft) using a truck-mounted
power auger. The U.S. Geological Survey contracted for four test holes
which were drilled by a cable tool drill. Observation wells consisting
of 1%-inch-diameter pipe and sand points were installed in 15 of the test
holes so that water levels could be measured and water samples could be
collected for chemical analysis.
This report also contains a summary of the prospects of obtaining
ground-water supplies at six sites within the area which were studied
previously.
Chemical analyses of water were made of samples obtained from two
test wells in Moraine Park. No water-quality samples were obtained from
the other sites; however, if a site is selected for a ground-water
supply, a water sample should be analyzed to determine its chemical and
biological character.
TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
The Rocky Mountain National Park and Shadow Mountain National
Recreation Area, an area of 439 square miles, lie in north-central
Colorado (fig. 1). The terrain ranges in altitude from 7,600 feet
above sea level to 14,256 feet at the top of Longs Peak. There are
about 84 peaks with altitudes above 11,000 feet. Areas of alpine
tundra occur near the summits of the high mountains. At lower
altitudes are stands of ponderosa and lodgepole pines, blue spruce,
and narrow-leaf cottonwood. About two-thirds of the Park lies east
of the Continental Divide.
At the town of Estes Park, located at the east entrance of the
Rocky Mountain National Park (fig. 2), the average annual temperature
is about 43 F and the average annual precipitation is about 16 inches.
At the town of Grand Lake, located at the west entrance (fig. 2), the
average annual temperature and precipitation are about 35 F and 19
inches, respectively. Annual precipitation at the higher altitudes
within the Rocky Mountain National Park averages about 40 inches.
41-
:109'
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10
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way
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e fro
m U
.S.
Geo
logi
cal S
urve
y
Fig
ure
1. In
dex
map
sh
ow
ing
re
po
rt are
a.
GEOHYDROLOGY
The sites in Rocky Mountain National Park and Shadow Mountain
National Recreation Area are underlain by (1) Precambrian crystalline
rocks, which may contain water in fractures; (2) Tertiary sediments,
which may contain beds of water-bearing sandstone; or (3) Quaternary
glacial and alluvial deposits, which may contain water in sand and
gravel. -The material underlying some of the sites could not be
penetrated by the auger. It was not possible to auger at sites which
are underlain by crystalline rocks and at some of the sites underlain
by moraine material containing boulders.
About 95 percent of the area is underlain by Precambrian
crystalline rocks (granite, gneiss, and schist). The crystalline
rocks are relatively impermeable and are generally poor aquifers.
Wells intercepting fractures and weathered zones in these rocks
commonly yield 5 to 10 gpm (gallons per minute) from wells 100 to
200 feet deep. Greater yields may be possible in areas where several
"fracture sets" intersect.
Areas along the south and west edges of Lake Granby and the west
edge of Shadow Mountain Lake are underlain by as much as 500 feet of
clay, silt, and sandstone of Tertiary age. These rocks are mainly
lacustrine and alluvial in origin, and abrupt lateral changes in
lithology are common. Wells tapping Tertiary deposits range from
50 to 500 feet in depth and yield 1 to 50 gpm.
The larger valleys in both Rocky Mountain National Park and Shadow
Mountain National Recreation Area are underlain by glacier- and water-
deposited rocks of Quaternary age. The deposits range from clay to
boulders, and in general are poorly sorted. The deposits may be
classified in two categories--moraines. and outwash. The moraines
generally form conspicuous ridges that border or terminate flat-lying
meadows. Because the moraines generally contain large amounts of clay,
they yield only small amounts of water to wells. The outwash deposits
on the other hand, if thick enough, may supply large quantities of water
The larger natural parks, such as Moraine and Horseshoe Parks,
are underlain by glacial outwash and alluvial deposits consisting
of sand and gravel. These deposits are the best aquifers in the
Rocky Mountain National Park and should yield 100 gpm or more to wells.
Alluvium, consisting of reworked glacial material, occurs in the valley
of the North Fork Colorado River. Wells in these deposits, such as
the one at Timber Creek Campground, might yield more than 100 gpm.
RESULTS OF SITE STUDIES
A summary of test drilling and an estimate of the potential for
ground-water development at 20 sites are shown in table 1. Test hole
augering was not possible at the remaining 10 sites because the sites
were underlain by granite or large coarse boulders. A summary of the
geohydrologic studies and an estimate of the potential for ground-
water development at these 10 sites are given in table 2.
Ta
b 1 e
1
.--S
um
mar
y
of
test
dri
llin
g
and
est
imate
of
gro
un
d-w
ate
r p
ote
nti
al
at
20 sit
es
(Roc
ky
Mounta
in
Nati
on
al
Par
k
and
Sha
dow
M
ou
nta
in
Nati
on
al
Recre
ati
on
Are
a)
Sit<
-
(Sit
e 1)
Do
Do --
Do ---
Do--
-
Do- --
Do
Do
Test
hole 1 2 3 5 6 7 9
Date
drilled
Oct.
1967
do-
-do
--
do
do
---do
-_-do
do-
Aquifer
g la
c ia
ldeposits
do
---do-- --
do
do-- -
-do ---
---do -
---do- --
Glacial
dc pos
its
.
Depth
dril
led
(fee
t)
26 75 97 97
84 67 97 0-7
15
Dept
h to
water
be low
la
nd
surface
(fee
t)
0.2
2.7
2 2 6 3.5
3.5
2 6
Thickness
of
saturated
material
(fee
t) 26 72 95 95 7 Q
63 93 Or 9
Thickness
of
saturated
sand
an
d gravel
(fee
t)
26 59 55 59 7 o
59 66 57 9
Estimated
yield
(gal
lons
pe
r minute)
20
200
200
200
100
100
100
100 1-5
Remarks
to 15 fe
et.
Drilling terminated
beca
use
of de
nse
sedi
ment
s.
to 21 fe
et.
Drilling terminated
because
aquifer
was completely
pene
trat
ed.
was
completely penetrated.
Do.
cobb
les
.
to 20
fe
et.
Drilling terminated
because
aquifer was
tompletely
pene
trat
ed.
Do.
was completely pe
netr
ated
.
cobb
les
.
Table 1.
--Su
mmary
of te
st drilling and
estimate of
ground-water potential
at 20 sites
(Roc
ky Mountain National Pa
rk an
d Shadow Mountain National Recreation Area)--Continued
Site
Moraine Park-----
(Site
I)
Do--
Do .
Beaver Meadows---
(Site
2)
Do
Buck Creek-------
(Sit
e 3)
Mill Creek
(Sit
e 5)
Glacier Ba
sin
Campground ---
-(Site
6)
Test
hole 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 i Q lo
Date
drilled
Sept.
1968
do
___do------
do --
July 19
67
do
Oct.
19
67
Oct. 1968
July 19
67
Aquifer
Alluvium and
glac ial
deposits*
do -
do
do --
Alluvium an
dglacial
deposits,
do
Al luv
iuro
and
glac
ial
depo
sits
.
do
Dept
h drilled
(feet)
62 55 47 67 41 43 15 44 66
Depth
to water
be low
land
surf
ace
(fee
t)
3.3
3.6
3 .4
3.1
18.0
12 9.4
31.2
Thickness
of
saturated
material
(feet) 59 51 44 64 23 31
0
35 35
Thickness
of
saturated
sand
an
d gravel
(feet) 50 48
41 64
7
22
0
35 35
Estimated
yield
(gallons
per
minute)
100
100
100
100
5-30
5-30 0
10-50
50
Remarks
Observation well,
screened from 9
to 11
feet.
Drilling terminated
because aquifer
was completely penetrated
Do.
Do.
Observation well,
screened from 8.5
to 10
.5 feet.
Drilling
terminated because
of co
bble
s.
Observation well,
screened from 19
to 21
feet.
Drilled by
cable
tool.
Granite at 39
feet.
Drilling terminated because
aquifer was
completely penetrated.
Drilled by
ca
ble
tool.
Granite at
43 fe
et.
Drilling terminated
because aquifer was completely penetrated
Hole
dr
y. Drilling terminated
because of
granite at 15
fe
et.
Observation well,
screened from 19
to 21
feet.
Drilling terminated
because of
cobbles.
Observation wel
l, screened from 40
to 42
feet.
Drilled by cable
tool
. Drilling terminated
because of co
bble
s.
CO
Table I.
--Su
mmar
y of
te
st drilling and
estimate of
ground-water potential at
20 sites
(Rocky Mountain National Pa
rk and Shadow Mountain National Recreation Area)--Continued
Site
Glacier Basin
Picn
ic Area-
(Sit
e 7)
Wild Basin, Deer
Haven
Lodge --
-(S
ite
10)
(Sit
e 12)
Hors
esho
e Park---
(Sit
e 13)
Endo
va 1 ley
Campground-----
(Sit
e 14)
East
Inlet
(Sit
e 18)
Hilltop Ranger
(Sit
e 19)
Pine
Beach
Picnic Area---
(Sit
e 20
)
Recreation Area
Headquarters -
-(S
ite
21)
Test
hole 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Date
drilled
Oct.
19
67
July 19
67
Oct.
19
68
Sept.
1968
Oct.
19
68
do
do
do-
do
Aquifer
Alluvium and
glacial
depo
sits.
do -------
Alluvium-----
A 1
1 uv
i urn a nd
glacial
depo
sits .
---do --
do
do
do -
None ----------
Depth
drilled
(fee
t)
49 38 O QJO 67 27 39 30 36 18
Depth
to water
below
land
surface
(feet)
10 21
7.9
5.5
6.4
24 2 6 1
Thickness
of
saturated
mate
rial
(f
eet) 39 17 30 61 21 15 28 30 17
Thickness
of
saturated
sand and
grav
el
(fee
t) 34 17 27 51 21 10 17 9 0
Estimated
yield
(gallons
per
minute)
10-5
0
25 2-15
100 10 2 10 2 0
Remarks
Drilling te
rmin
ated
because
ofde
nse
clay
.
Drilled
by cable
tool
. Dr
illi
ngte
rmin
ated
because
of bo
ulde
rs.
Observation well,
screened from 29
to 31
feet.
Dril
ling
terminated
beca
use
of cobbles.
Observation well,
scre
ened
fr
om 20
to 22 fe
et.
Dril
ling
terminated
because
aquifer
was
completely penetrated
Observation well,
screened from 13
.5
to 15.5 feet.
Dril
ling
terminated because
of cobbles.
Dril
ling
terminated because
of
cobbles
.
Drilling terminated because
ofde
nse
clay
.
Do.
Do.
Tabl
e 1.--Summary
of te
st dr
illi
ng and
esti
mate
of ground-water potential
at 20 si
tes
(Roc
ky Mo
unta
in Na
tion
al Park and
Shadow Mo
unta
in Na
tion
al Recreation Area)--Continued
Site
Gran
by Entrance--
(Sitc
23)
(Site
24)
(Site
25)
Big
Rock
(Site
27)
Mora
ine
(Site
28)
Roaring
Fork
Rang
er Station
(Site
29)
Test
hole 28 29 30 31 32 33
Date
drilled
Oct. 1968
do
do
do
do
do
Aquifer
do
do
Alluvium a
ndglacial
depo
sits
.
do
do
Depth
drilled
(fee
t)
36 16 9
36 101 24
Depth
to w
ater
below
land
surf
ace
(feet)
28
7 .__ 9 5 11.6
Thic
knes
sof
satu
rate
dma
teri
al(feet) 8 9 0 27 96 12
Thickness
ofsaturated
sand
and
grav
el(f
eet) 0 0 0 12 21 12
Esti
mate
dyield
(gallons
per
minu
te)
0 0 0 5 5 5
Rema
rks
Dril
ling
terminated be
caus
e of
dens
e cl
ay.
Do.
Dril
ling
terminated be
caus
e of
gran
ite
at 9
feet
.
Dril
ling
terminated be
caus
e of
dens
e clay.
Do.
Obse
rvat
ion
well,
scre
ened
from 13
to 15
feet.
Dril
ling
te
rmin
ated
because
of coarse gr
avel
.
Tabl
e 2. Summary of
geohydrologic
stud
ies
and
esti
mate
of gr
ound
-water po
tent
ial
at 10
si
tes
(Rocky Mou
ntai
n National Park and
Shadow Mountain
National R
ecreation
Area
)
Site
(Site
4)
(Sit
e 8)
Longs
Peak
Ran
ger
Stat
ion
(Sit
e 9)
Wild
Basin R
anger
Station -- --
(Site
11)
Rock Cabin Ra
nger
Stat
ion-
-- -
(Sit
e 15
)
Milner Pa
ss Ro
ad Camp--
(Site
16)
Date
Studied
1968
do
do
--do
1967
--do-
Pote
ntia
l aq
uife
r
Gran
ite
n ar-
ifll
depo
sits
Gran
ite
Pi flr-l f
t 1
deposits
Granite
Granite
and
glacial
deposits
Estimated
yiel
d (gallons
per
minu
te)
1-5
R-.I n
J**1U 5
1-5
1-5
1-5
(
Rema
rks
A well 100
to 200
feet deep intercepting
frac
ture
s may
supply estimated
yiel
d.
A we
ll 50 fe
et de
ep penetrating
sand
and
grav
el
should supply es
tima
ted
yiel
d.
Granite
at su
rfac
e fractured.
A well 100
to20
0 fe
et deep in
terc
epti
ng fr
actu
res
may
supp
ly es
tima
ted
yiel
d.
Pres
ent
supp
ly is
Al
pine
Br
ook.
A we
ll 50
fe
et de
ep penetrating
sand an
d gravel
shou
ld supply es
tima
ted
yiel
d.
A we
ll 10
0 to
20
0 feet de
ep in
terc
epti
ng
frac
ture
s may
supp
ly es
tima
ted
yiel
d.
Springs
1/2 mi
le no
rthw
est
of site yield
20 gpm.
A we
ll 10
0 to
200
feet
deep in
terc
epti
ng
frac
ture
s may
supply es
tima
ted
yield.
Table 2.
--Su
mmar
y of
%eoh
ydrQ
lo%i
c st
udie
s and
estimate of
gr
ound
-wat
er potential
at 10 sites
(Roc
ky Mountain National Pa
rk an
d Sh
adow
Mountain National Recreation Area)--Continued
Site
Phan
tom Va
lley
Campground
----
------
(Sit
e 17
)
Cutt
hroa
t Trout
Bay
Campground and
(Sit
e 22)
Inspiration Point-- --
(Sit
e 26
)
Harvey Isla
nd--
- ---
--
(Sit
e 30
)
Date
St
udie
d
1968
do
--do
do-
Potential
aqui
fer
Alluvium
Glacial
deposits
and
Tertiary
sand
ston
e
Granite
Glac
ial
deposits
Estimated
yield
(gallons
per
minute)
5
5-10 1-5 5
Remarks
A we
ll 50 feet deep penetrating sand and
grav
el
should supply estimated
yiel
d.
Site
underlain by
glacial material containing
larg
e boulders (s
ee Co
ffin
, 19
62).
A we
ll 100
to 200
feet
de
ep in
terc
epti
ng
frac
ture
s may supply es
tima
ted
yield.
A well 50
fe
et de
ep, penetrating sand and
gravel
should su
pply
estimated
yiel
d.
In addition, a detailed evaluation of the ground-water potential
is given for Moraine Park, Beaver Meadows, Mill Creek, Twin Owls, and
Horseshoe Park.
The locations of the 30 sites (1-30) included in this study and
the six (31-36) sites studied previously are shown on figure 2. More
detailed maps of the sites, showing the locations of test holes and
observation wells are given in figures 3 through 16.
13
EX
PLA
NA
TIO
N^
" 1 St
udy
site
3
Test
hole
and
num
ber
'; I^
1 40
°22'
!TTe
st ho
le an
d ob
serv
atio
n u=
k"Z
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ll an
d nu
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r K
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uth
'""*
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Bas
e fr
om U
.S. G
eolo
gica
l Su
rvey
Lo
ngs
Peak
, 196
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i»
-r-
SCAL
E 1:
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MIL
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-
CO
NTO
UR
IN
TER
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40 F
EET
DA
TUM
IS
MEA
N S
EA L
EVEL
Fig
ure
3. L
ocati
on o
f M
ora
ine
Par
k (
Sit
e 1)
, B
eaver
Mea
dow
s (S
ite
2),
Buc
k C
reek
(S
ite
3),
Tux
edo
Par
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33
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300 F
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4.
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and
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ure
5.
Lo
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on
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Bas
in C
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ite 6
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laci
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Pic
nic
Are
a (S
ite
7),
and
Bea
r L
ake
(Site
8)
stud
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tes.
EXPLANATION
Study site
\ V -896& ".'.- /
VI- P XW!/' Lc-ngs Peak. ' \
F' J l.."'.-34$.
,,«»-° » :-: \ ̂ r ^ j i * /" r ', f ""
- KT^ '.©U;Base from U.S.Geological Survey Longs Peak, 1961
SCALE 1:24000 o i MILE
CONTOUR INTERVAL 40 FEETDATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL
Figure 6. Location of Longs Peak Ranger Station (Site 9) study site.
17
EX
PLA
NA
TIO
NR
.73W
. 33
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7. L
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(Si
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nd W
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*'EXPLANATION 105"32' 3l'R.73W. R.72W.UAn-HNHIIVro ^^ro^. .^ . r^ ^^ , ,f . ̂ -i:^^.r- - - -
105°30'
Test hole and observation well and number
T5N.
40°23'
Base from U.S. Geological Survey Estes Park, 1961
SCALE 1:24000 o
CONTOUR INTERVAL 40 FEET DATUM is vEAti JH LEVEL
Figure 8. Location of Twin Owls (Site 12) study site.
19
EXPLANATION R.73 W. 36' 105°35
Test hole and observation well and number
ighoFn Rar.ger! x . r--Sta'v-Ta!I
ah^L* % Entrance
I5N.
40°23
izL,nii^Base from U.S. Geological Survey Estes Park, 1961
SCALE 1:24000 o i MILE
CONTOUR INTERVAL 40 FEETDATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL
Figure 9. Location of Horseshoe Park (Site 13) study site.
20
EX
PLA
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S
Stud
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10. L
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11.
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16)
and
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17)
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.
R.76W. 49' 105°48'
III'' Zl'Ml :"^Grand Lake
'< > ( («., s ! \ /;N
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SCALE 1:24 COO ____ _ c_ _ _ __
CONTOUR INTCRVAL 40 FEETDATUM IS.VF-AN SLALE'.EL
1 MILE
Figure 12. Location of East Inlet Trailhead (Site 18) and Hilltop RangerStation (Site 19) study sites.
23
EXPLANATION
(20
Study site
26Test hole and number
R.76 W. 52' _
/ -^^--'Q'fi !
Recreation Arealeadquarters ' . ;.-..- -=
._/__ .^-/'ji'ii:V ' / "-.'. " .\j / y. ;; . «w/ v / --?^/tA:>\ |j ;:^/
-j'; x&x.-r. --I/-/*- V V--- ):\v 'v Xs-s-oo-^ '.
*. i &. '' I $'- w iBase from U.S. Geological Survey Shadow Mtn., 1958, Trail Mtn., 1957
SCALE 1:240001 MILE
CONTOUR INTERVAL 40 FEETWfUM IS HE/VJ S£A LEVEL
Figure 13. Location of Pine Beach Picnic Area (Site 20), Recreation Area Headquarters (Site 21), and Cutthroat Trout Bay Campground and Picnic Area (Site 22).study sites.
24
EX
PLA
NA
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23
Stu
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. L
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Sit
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ite
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EXPLANATION
®Study site
_vy _
;^;^IOT= 7/-// ' '/V / ' / / / - - -v
Base from U.S. Geological Survey Shadow Mtn.,1958
iSCALE 1:24000
o
CONTOUR INTERVAL 40 FEET DATUM 6 VEAN SEA LEVEL
Figure 15. Location of Inspiration Point (Site 26) and Harvey Island (Site 30)study sites.
26
EXPLANATION
(29)
Study site
.32 Test hole and number
X33 Test hole and observation
105°47' R.75W. 105°45
£££t
40°08' -
T2N.^^^^
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Base from U.S.Geological SurveyShadow Mtn.,1958, Strawberry Lake, 1958
SCALE 1:24000 o i MILE
CONTOUR INTERVAL 40 FEET DATUM is MEAN SEA LEVEL
Figure 16. Location of Big Rock Campground (Site 27), Moraine Campground (Site 28),and Roaring Fork Ranger Station (Site 29) study sites.
27
RESULTS OF DETAILED SITE STUDIES
Moraine Park (Site 1)
A substantial water supply for the Park Headquarters area could
be obtained from wells tapping the alluvial and glacial deposits in
Moraine Park. Wells drilled in these deposits would yield more than
100 gpm in many places.
Thirteen test holes were augered in Moraine Park to determine the
thickness and water-bearing potential of the glacial outwash and
alluvium in two areas. Nine test holes were augered near the pumphouse
and four were augered about three-fourths of a mile west of the
pumphouse (figs. 3, 4). The test holes drilled in October 1967 and
September 1968 indicate sand, gravel, and clay with saturated thickness
ranging from 9 to 95 feet. The greatest saturated thickness was near
the center of the flood plain of the Big Thompson River. The holes
near the east end of Moraine Park showed a much higher proportion of
clay than those three-fourths of a mile to the west. Test holes 6 and
7 penetrated thick sand and gravel deposits and a production well at
either test hole should yield at least 100 gpm.
Four test holes (10, 11, 12, 13) were drilled and observation
pipes installed between test hole 6 and test hole 5 (fig. 4) in
September 1968 to determine the suitability of the site and to provide
observation wells for a future aquifer test. The additional test
drilling confirmed that the site is suitable for construction of a
production well.
28
The present water supply for the Rocky Mountain National Park
Headquarters area is taken from the river at the east end of Moraine
Park. The intake, an infiltration gallery located 20 feet south of
the pumphouse, tends to clog frequently with very fine sediment. A
production well near test hole 6, which is near the pumphouse and
pipeline, should provide an adequate substitute for the present intake.
Two factors should be considered when preparing construction plans
for a well in Moraine Park. The well pump should be installed high
enough above ground level to prevent inundation by floods of the Big
Thompson River. The upper 20 feet of the well should be cased and
cemented to prevent the entry of very fine sediment into the well and
to minimize chemical corrosion.
A water sample from test hole 10, which is screened in the upper
part of the aquifer (9-11 feet), had a pH of 6.0 and water from this
aquifer would be corrosive (table 3). The low pH is caused by humic
acids from a marsh in this area. A water sample from test hole 6,
which is screened in the lower part of the aquifer (18-20 feet), had a
near-neutral pH of 7.3 (see table 3).
Chemical analyses of water from test holes 6 and 10 indicate that
otherwise the water is of excellent quality and that the content of
dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, and nitrate are well
within the recommended limits set forth by the U.S. Public Health
Service (1962). The results of these analyses and a comparison with
Public Health standards are given in table 3.
29
Table 3. Chemical analyses of water from test holes 6 and 10, Moraine Park
[Results in milligrams per liter.ND: Concentration limits have
Analysesnot been
Test hole 6, SB5-73-33CDB2; Test hole 10of collection: May 6, 1969.]
Constituent
Silica (Si02 )
Iron (Fe)-
Manganese (Mn) --- - -
Calcium (Ca) - -
Magnesium (Mg)- ----- _----- --
Sodium (Na) _----_--_
Potassium (K)- - - -
Bicarbonate (HCCO-- ---
Carbonate (CCL)
Sulfate (S04)
Chloride (Cl)
Fluoride (F) -
Nitrate (NCL)
Phosphate (PO, )
Boron (B) ---
Dissolved solids:
Residue on evaporation at 180 C---
Calculated - -
Hardness as CaCCL:Total ---- ------ ---
Non- carbonate - - -
Sodium-adsorption-ratio ------ ---
Specific conductance (micromhos per
cm at 25°C)
pH ------------ ------- _______
Test17
hole6
13
9.1
4.0
6.2
1.4
55
0
5.0
4.2
0.7
0.4
0.01
0.05
67
71
39
0
0.4
97
7.3
by U.S. Geol. Survey,established. Location:, SB5-73-33CDB4. Date
Test^hole10
14
8.4
3.6
4.0
1.9
13
0
36
2.0
0.3
0.7
0.01
0.00
86
77
36
25
0.3
93
6.0
Public Health Servicedrinking-water
standards
ND
0.3
.05
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
250
250
I/
45
ND
ND
500
500
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
I/ Test hole 6, well screened 18 to 20 feet.2/ Test hole 10, well screened 9 to 11 feet.Zj Recommended control limits for fluoride concentration are based on the
annual average of maximum daily air temperatures. For an annual average maximum daily air temperature from 53.8^ to 58.3°F, fluoride concentrations in milligrams per liter are: lower limit is 0.8, the optimum 1.1, and the upper 1.5.
30
Beaver Meadows (Site 2)
Test drilling indicated that wells in Beaver Meadows probably
would yield 5 to 30 gpm. Beaver Meadows is a long, narrow valley
(about 0.2 mile wide by 1.5 miles long) lying between parallel
lateral moraines. Two test holes (fig. 3), drilled by the cable-tool
method in July 1967, indicate that the meadow is underlain by about
40 feet of poorly sorted sand, gravel, and clay. The saturated thickness
of the deposits is 31 feet, but the poor sorting and the high content
of clay in the aquifer results in low permeability and thus in modest
well yields.
Mill Creek (Site 5)
A well drilled in the valley of Mill Creek probably would yield
from 10 to 50 gpm. The creek valley is about 200 feet wide. A test
hole augered in October 1968 showed that the creek valley is underlain
by at least 35 feet of saturated sand and gravel.
An observation well for water-level measurements was installed
in the test hole. The well is screened from 19 to 21 feet and could
be pumped for a temporary water supply until a production well is
drilled.
A well located near Mill Creek might be damaged by flooding;
therefore, a spring located about 1,400 feet southwest of the park
residences should be considered as a potential source of water. The
flow of the spring, measured in September 1967 and April, July, August,
and September 1968, was 100 gpm or more.
31
Twin Owls (Site 12)
A well drilled at the Twin Owls site probably would yield 2 to
15 gpm. The site (fig. 8) is on an alluvial fan near the northern
margin of the valley of Black Canyon Creek. Test drilling in
October 1968 indicated that the site is underlain by at least 27 feet
of saturated sand and gravel. The test hole was drilled to 38 feet
but did not penetrate bedrock. The depth to water was 8 feet below
land surface. An observation well installed in the test hole is
screened from 29 to 31 feet and could be pumped for a temporary
water supply until a production well is drilled. The present supply
is from two springs which yield about 0.3 gpm.
Horseshoe Park (Site 13)
An excellent supply of ground water can be developed in Horseshoe
Park (fig. 9). Test drilling in September 1968 indicated that a well
drilled in Horseshoe Park probarbly would yield at least 100 gpm.
Horseshoe Park is a valley about 3 miles long and, at the test-
drilling site, about half a mile wide. The valley is bounded on the
north and south by prominent lateral moraines. The test hole shows
that the site is underlain by silt, sand, gravel, and cobbles to a
depth of 57 feet, and by silty clay from 57 to 67 feet. The depth to
water was 5 feet below land surface.
32
RESULTS OF PREVIOUS SITE STUDIES
Studies of the possibilities of obtaining water supplies at
seven sites within Rocky Mountain National Park and Shadow Mountain
National Recreation Area were made by the Geological Survey prior to
the studies made for this report. Results of these studies were
released as administrative reports to the National Park Service in
1962, 1963, and 1966. Previous work on Cutthroat Trout Bay Campground
and Picnic Area (Site 22) is summarized in table 2. A discussion of the
other six sites follows.
Table Mountain (Site 31)
A study was made by D. L. Coffin (written commun., 1962) of the
potential for developing a ground-water supply for domestic use at a
ranger station near the base of Table Mountain (fig. 2). Geologic and
hydrologic information contained in the report show that the site is
underlain by 10 to 30 feet of unconsolidated sand, gravel, clay, and
boulders, and as much as 350 feet of sandy clay, siltstone, and
sandstone of Tertiary age. Several wells near the site obtain water of
good quality from the Tertiary deposits at depths between 180 and 350
feet. A well 400 feet deep probably would supply enough water for the
station.
Water could be pumped to the site from Lake Granby but because of
the large water-level fluctuations of the lake, expensive intake
facilities would be required, and the water would require treatment.
33
Harbison Meadow (Site 32)
A study of the Harbison Meadow site was made by D. L. Coffin
(written commun., 1961). A well for the park administrative facilities
near the south end of Harbison Meadow (fig. 2) was drilled in June 1961,
The well was drilled to a depth of 75 feet (cased to 71 feet) through
unconsolidated terrace deposits and glacial till consisting of sand,
gravel, silt, clay, cobbles, and boulders. Test pumping indicates that
the sustained yield at the well is 30 gpm and that the well will yield
as much as 70 gpm during infrequent periods of maximum demand. At the
higher rate, some sand may be pumped with the water; therefore,
provision should be made to prevent suspended sediment from entering
the distribution system.
Harbison Meadow Campground (Site 33)
The results of drilling and testing of a well to supply the
proposed West Side, or Harbison Meadow Campground (fig. 2) is given
in a report by Voegeli (1963b). The well which was drilled in 1962
penetrated 91 feet of terrace deposits and glacial(?J material
consisting primarily of sand and gravel and the water level was 32
feet below land surface. Test pumping indicates that the well will
yield 50 gpm for extended periods, and probably will yield 100 gpm
during short, infrequent periods of maximum demand. At the higher
yield some sand may be pumped with the water, requiring occasional
cleaning of the well.
34
Timber Creek Campground (Site 34)
The results of drilling and testing a well to supply Timber Creek
Campground (fig. 2) are presented in a report by P. A. Schneider, Jr.
(written commun., 1966). The well was drilled in July 1966 approximately
100 feet north of the campground amphitheater. It penetrated 77 feet of
unconsolidated terrace deposits consisting primarily of sand and gravel.
Test pumping showed that the well would supply as much as 100 gpm for
the campground. A pumping rate of 30 to 50 gpm would minimize the
possibility of pumping appreciable quantities of sand with the water.
Fall River Entrance (Site 35)
The results of drilling and testing a well to supply additional
water for the Bighorn Ranger Station and Aspenglen Campground near
the Fall River Entrance (fig. 2) are presented in a report by Coffin
and Jenkins (1966). The well, drilled in June 1965, penetrated 68
feet of glacial till consisting of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and
boulders, and 35 feet of Precambrian crystalline rocks. Test pumping
indicates that the well has a sustained yield of 30 gpm. The well
may require occasional cleaning of sand and silt accumulated inside
the casing.
35
Moraine Park Campground (Site 36)
The results of drilling and testing a well for the Moraine Park
Campground (fig. 2) are presented in a report by Voegeli (1963a). The
well penetrated 28.5 feet of glacial deposits consisting primarily of
sand and gravel and 241.5 feet of granite underlying the glacial
deposits. Pumping of the well indicated that the sustained yield is
2 to 2.5 gpm.
Other sources of water are the Big Thompson River, springs
located in the NE%SE% sec. 32, T. 5 N., R. 73 W., or the proposed well
for the Park Headquarters Area discussed earlier in this report under
the heading Moraine Park (Site 1). Obtaining water from any of these
sources, however, would require laying from 2,000 to 7,000 feet of
pipeline.
36
SELECTED REFERENCES
Coffin, D. L., 1966, Prospects for obtaining a water supply in the Fall
River entrance area of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado,
November 1964, and Addendum, October 1965, by E. D. Jenkins:
U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 32 p.
Richmond, G. M., and Bradley, W. C., 1960, Pleistocene geology of
the eastern slope of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
Front Range, in Rocky Mtn. Assoc. Geologists, Guide to the
geology of Colorado: Denver, Colo., p. 200-204.
U.S. Public Health Service, 1962, Drinking water standards: U.S.
Public Health Service Pub. 956, 61 p.
Voegeli, P. T., Sr., 1963a, Prospects for obtaining a water supply
at the Moraine Park Campground site, Rocky Mountain National
Park, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 16 p.
____1936b, Water for the proposed West Side [flarbison Meadows]
Campground site, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado:
U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 22 p.
37
LOGS OF TEST HOLES AND OBSERVATION WELLS DRILLED BY THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (1967, 1968)
[Test hole location shown on figures 2 through 16. The well and test hole numbers are based on the U.S. Bureau of Land Management System]
Thick- Depth belowness land surface
_ _._____m__________________________________(feet)_____(feet) SB5-73-32DBA Moraine Park (Site 1) Test hole 1 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Clay, sandy, organic, black (water level at 0.2 feet). . 1 1
Sand, coarse, and brown clay .............. 7 8
Gravel, medium to coarse, rounded; contains coarse
sand ......................... 5 13
Clay and fine sand ................... 5 18
Sand, medium to coarse; contains medium to coarse
gravel ........................ 7 25
Sand, fine to medium, clayey .............. 1 26
SB5-73-32DCBMoraine Park (Site 1)Test hole 2 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Sand, fine to coarse, and organic clay; contains
gravel (water level at 2.7 feet) ........... 3 3
Gravel, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse sand .... 3 6
Sand, fine; contains gravel .............. 16 22
Gravel, fine to coarse; contains fine to coarse sand . . 30 52
Sand, fine to coarse; contains fine gravel ....... 9 61
Gravel, fine to coarse; contains fine to coarse
sand ......................... 1 62
Clay, black ...................... 13 75
38
Thick- Depth belowness land surface(feet) (feet)
SB5-73-32DCD Moraine Park (Site 1) Test hole 3
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Silt, organic, black .................. 1 1
Gravel, fine to coarse; contains fine to coarse sand
and clay (water level estimated at 2 feet) ...... 6 7
Gravel, medium to coarse ................ 5 12
Gravel, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse sand .... 35 47
Sand, fine to very coarse; contains fine gravel .... 10 57
Clay, black ...................... 40 97
SB5-73-32DCA Moraine Park (Site 1) Test hole 4
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Silt, organic, black (water level estimated at 2 feet) . 3 3
Gravel, coarse ..................... 7 10
Gravel, fine to medium, and medium to coarse sand ... 22 32
Gravel, fine to medium, and fine to coarse sand .... 10 42
Sand, medium to coarse; contains some fine gravel ... 20 62
Clay, black ...................... 35 97
SB5-73-33CDB Moraine Park (Site 1) Test hole 5
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Silt, organic, black .................. 3 3
Sand, medium to coarse; contains clay ......... 2 5
Gravel, medium to coarse; contains medium to coarse
sand, clay, and boulders (water level estimated
at 6 feet) ...................... 5 10
Sand, medium to coarse, clayey ............. 12 22
Sand, fine to coarse, and clay ............. 45 67
Sand, fine to coarse; contains cobbles and clay .... 17 84
39
Thick- Depth below ness land surface (feet)_____(feet)
SB5-73-33CDB2Moraine Park (Site 1)Test Hole 6 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Silt, organic, black .................. 3 3
Gravel, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse sand;
contains clay (water level at 3.5 feet) ....... 14 17
Gravel, fine to medium; contains fine to coarse sand . . 25 42
Gravel, fine to medium; contains fine to coarse sand
and black clay .................... 21 63
Clay, black ...................... 4 67
SB5-73-33CDB3Moraine Park (Site 1)Test Hole 7 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Silt, organic, black ................. 3 3
Sand, coarse, and medium to coarse gravel; contains
cobbles (water level at 3.5 feet) .......... 2 5
Gravel, medium to coarse ................ 17 22
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine gravel ......... 25 47
Sand, fine to medium .................. 10 57
Sand, fine to medium; contains lenses of clay ..... 5 62
Sand, fine to medium; contains coarse gravel ...... 8 70
Clay, black ...................... 27 97
SB5-73-33CCA Moraine Park (Site 1) Test Hole 8
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Silt, organic, black (water level estimated at 2 feet) . 2 2
Clay, sandy, brown ................... 1 3
Gravel, medium to coarse; contains clay and sand .... 7 10
Clay (no returns) ................... 17 27
Sand (no returns) ................... 50 77
Clay (no returns) ................... 10 87
4,0
Thi'ck- Depth below ness land surface (feet)____(feet)
SB5-73-33CDA Moraine Park (Site 1) Test Hole 9
Glacial deposits:
Silt; contains gravel ................. 2 2
Gravel, fine to coarse; contains clay, sand, and
cobbles (water level estimated at 6 feet) ...... 13 15
SB5-73-33CDB4Moraine Park (Site 1)Test Hole 10 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse gravel .... 2 2
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse gravel;
contains cobbles (water level at 3.3 feet) ...... 33 35
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse gravel .... 18 53
Clay (no returns) ................... 9 62
SB5-73-33CDB5Moraine Park (Site 1)Test Hole 11 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse gravel; contains
cobbles (water level at 3.6 feet) .......... 52 52
Clay .......................... 3 55
SB5-73-33CDB6Moraine Park (Site 1)Test Hole 12 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse gravel
(water level at 3.4 feet) .............. 12 12
Sand, medium ...................... 14 26
Sand and gravel .................... 18 44
Clay .......................... 3 47
41
Thick- Depth below ness land surface (feet)______(feet)
SB5-73-33CDB7Moraine Park (Site 1)Test Hole 13 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse gravel
(water level at 3.1 feet). .............. 12 12
Sand, fine to coarse; contains fine to coarse gravel
and boulders ...'.................. 30 42
Sand, medium; contains fine gravel ........... 25 67
SB5-7?-29DBBBaavar Meadows (3ite 2)Test Hole 14 - Observation well
Alluvi\uQ and glacial deposits:
Clay, sandy, organic, black (boulders at 12 feet) ... 12 12
Clay, sandy, black; contains streaks of gravel ..... 4 16
Gravel, fine to medium; contains brown clay
(water level at 18.0 feet). ............. 2 18
Gravel, fine to medium; contains brown clay and cobbles. 2 20
Clay, brown, and fine to coarse sand .......... 5 25
Clay, brown; contains fine to coarse sand and fine to
coarse gravel .................... 11 36
Sand, coarse, and medium gravel; contains clay ..... 3 39
Bedrock:
Granite ........................ 2 41
SB5-73-29CACBeaver Meadows (Site 2)Test Hole 15
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Clay, sandy, (boulder at 3 feet) ............ 5 5
Sand, fine to coarse; contains clay and fine to coarse
gravel (water level estimated at 12 feet) ...... 16 21
Clay .......................... 1 22
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse gravel; contains
brown clay (boulder at 36 feet) ........... 18 40
Bedrock:
Granite ........................ 3 4342 .
Thick- Depth below ness land surface (feet)____(feet)
SB5-73-27DCCBuck Creek (Site 3)Test Hole 16
Alluvium:
Silt .......................... 5 5
Gravel and cobbles ................... 5 10
Sand, fine to coarse; contains clay and gravel ..... 5 15
Bedrock:
Granite at 15 feet ...................
SB4-73-5BACMill Creek (Site 5)Test Hole 17 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Gravel and cobbles ................... 4 4
Sand, fine to coarse; contains gravel and some cobbles
(water level at 9.4 feet) .............. 28 32
Gravel and cobbles ................... 12 44
SB4-73-8BCAGlacier Basin Campground (Site 6)Test Hole 18 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Sand, fine to coarse, and silt, gravel, and cobbles;
contains clay .................... 12 12
Sand, fine to coarse; and fine to coarse gravel; contains
clay ......................... 3 15
Sand, fine to coarse; contains gravel ......... 8 23
Sand, fine to coarse (water level at 31.2 feet). .... 24 47
Sand, fine to coarse .................. 17 , 64
Gravel, cobbles, and sand ............... 2 66
43
Thick- Depth below ness land surface (feet)_____(feet)
SB4-73-7DCAGlacier Basin Picnic Area (Site 7)Test Hole 19
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Gravel, fine to medium; contains sand (water level
estimated at 10 feet)................. 10 10
Sand, coarse; contains fine gravel ........... 5 15
Gravel, coarse; contains sand ............. 4 19
Clay and fine sand (no returns) ............ 3 22
Gravel, fine; contains sand (cobbles at 31 feet) .... 10 32
Sand, fine to coarse .................. 15 47
Clay and gravel (no returns) .............. 2 49
SB3-73-22BDDWild Basin, Deer Haven Lodge (Site 10)Test Hole 20
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Boulders, gravel, sand, and clay (water level estimated
at 21 feet) ..................... 21 21
Sand, fine to coarse; contains silt, gravel, and
boulders ....................... 17 38
SB5-73-13ACCTwin Owls (Site 12)Test Hole 21 - Observation well
Alluvium:
Sand, fine to coarse, and black fine to medium gravel. . 7 7
Gravel, fine to medium, and fine to coarse clayey sand
(water level at 7.9 feet) .............. 12 19
Clay .......................... 3 22
Gravel (cobbles at 38 feet) .............. 16 38
44
Thick- Depth below ness land surface (feet)____(feet)
SB5-73-18BDCHorseshoe Park (Site 13)Test Hole 22 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Gravel, coarse; contains sand and silt ......... 2 2
Gravel, fine to coarse; contains sand, silt, and
cobbles (water level at 5.5 feet). .......... 8 10
Gravel, fine ...................... 3 13
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine gravel ......... 19 32
Sand, fine to coarse; contains gravel and clay ..... 25 57
Clay, silty ...................... 10 67
SB5-74-11CACEndovalley Campground (Site 14)Test Hole 23 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Sand, fine to coarse, brown .............. 2 2
Sand, fine to coarse, brown; contains gravel and
cobbles (water level at 6.4 feet) .......... 25 27
SB3-75-9BACEast Inlet Trailhead (Site 18)Test Hole 24
Artificial fill .................... 19 19
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Clay, sandy ...................... 4 23
Gravel and cobbles (water level estimated at 24 feet). . 3 26
Sand and clay ..................... 5 31
Gravel and cobbles ................... 8 39
SB3-75-6DDBHilltop Ranger Station (Site 19)Test Hole 25
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Gravel, coarse; contains sand (water level estimated at
2 feet). ....................... 12 12
Clay (no return) .................... 6 18
Gravel ......................... 7 25
Clay, sandy ...................... 5 30
45
Thick ness (feet)
Depth below land surface
(feet)
SB3-76-13BACPine Beach Picnic Area (Site 20)Test Hole 26
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse gravel
(water level estimated at 6 feet). .......... 10 10
Clay, sandy ...................... 8 18
Gravel, sand, and clay ................. 5 23
Clay .......................... 13 36
SB3-76-13BBARecreation Area Headquarters (Site 21)Test Hole 27
Alluvium:
Sand and gravel, poorly sorted; contains clay (water
level estimated at 1 foot) .............. 6 6
Clay, sandy, black ..'.................. 8 14
Undifferentiated Tertiary deposits:
Clay, red ....................... 4 18
SB2-76-15BADGranby Entrance (Site 23)Test Hole 28
Undifferentiated Tertiary deposits:
Clay, sandy, reddish-brown (water level estimated at
28 feet) ....................... 36 36
SB2-76-11DBBSunset Point (Site 24)Test Hole 29
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Sand, fine to coarse, gravel, and cobbles ....... 4 4
Undifferentiated Tertiary deposits:
Clay and sand, fine to coarse, gravelly (water level
estimated at 7 feet) ................. 12 -"""""16
46
Thick- Depth below ness land surface (feet)_____(feet)
SB2-75-18CBCKamloop Cove (Site 25)Test Hole 30
Alluvium:
Sand, fine to medium, black .............. 6 6
Sand, fine to medium, clayey, black .......... 3 9
Bedrock:
Granite at 9 feet ...................
SB2-75-23ACABig Rock Campground (Site 27)Test Hole 31
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Sand, fine to medium; contains gravel ......... 3 3
Sand, fine to coarse; contains gravel ......... 3 6
Sand, fine to coarse, clayey (water level estimated at
9 feet). ........ 1 .............. 15 21
Clay, sandy, sticky, blue; contains gravel ....... 15 36
SB2-75-23ABCMoraine Campground (Site 28)Test Hole 32
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Sand, medium to coarse (water level estimated at 5 feet) 9 9
Clay, sandy, dark-blue ................. 9 18
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse gravel .... 8 26
Sand, clay, gravel, and cobbles ............ 5 31
Sand, gravel, and cobbles ............... 4 35
Clay, silty, blue ................... 66 101
SB2-75-14CBDRoaring Fork Ranger Station (Site 29)Test Hole 33 - Observation well
Alluvium and glacial deposits:
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse gravel; contains
cobbles ....................... 7 7
Sand, fine to coarse, and fine to coarse gravel (water
level at 11.6 feet) ................. 17 24
47GPO 834 -307
c: