United States History

Second Great AwakeningSecond Great Awakening

Religious revivals swept through the north 1830Religious revivals swept through the north 1830New Evangelist movement called on people to New Evangelist movement called on people to repent from their sinsrepent from their sinsAll classes responded to this movementAll classes responded to this movement

Lyman Beecher

Social ReformInspired by the religious movementAmerican Bible Society – distributed Bibles – 140,000 mostly in the westGroups wanted..

Curb non-religious activities on Sabbath End - Gambling, Prostitution, DuelingDrinking alcohol

Temperance MovementEnd the consumption of alcoholStarted from religious movementWomen played an important partWanted to protect their homes from the effects of alcoholAmerican Temperance Societies – 1826

1834 - 5,000 branchesConsumption of hard liquor declined 50% -1830’s

"In the Monster's Clutches."

Marriage & Family

White middle-class family underwent major changesPeople started getting married for loveParents exercised less control over children’s selection of matesWives became companions – less like servantsHusband remained head of the household

Most men felt that a woman’s place was in the homeWomen should strive to be the ideal wife and motherDid not work outside the home but labored in the homeNot the same for lower class

ChildhoodFamilies became child-centered – raising children the main function of a familySize of family decreased

Education

1820-1850 expansion of public educationMost developed in New EnglandHorace Mann – helped establish the State Board of Education MABelieved children were clay in the hands of a teacher

                                            

      

Horace Mann

Compulsory attendance laws Alienated working classThree R’s (reading, ‘riting, and ‘rithmeticTextbooksMorality also taught

Thesis Statement Warm-up

• Discuss how the social reform movements evolved out of the Second Great Awakening and what impact if any these had on society.

AsylumCriminals, lunatics, and paupersInstitution established – for those incapable of caring for themselvesPrisons, asylums, and poorhouses – did not achieve their goals

American Colonization Society

They wanted to send Blacks back to AfricaMany felt America would be a better place without blacksLiberia – West Africa – few thousands blacksDenied racial equality in America

Liberia

Africa

William Lloyd Garrison

• Anti-slavery movement• Published the Liberator• Founded the American

Anti-Slavery Society• Spoke against

American Colonization Society

Abolitionist

Anti-slavery movement increased in the 1800’sReligious leaders and women created this movementFree blacks still treated as outcasts – racism

Women’s Rights

Women supporting anti-slavery movement also started to speak about women’s rightsLucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady StantonSeneca Falls DeclarationDeclaration of Sentiments – 1848 – All men and women were created equal

Lucretia Mott

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

ShakersMillennial Church of the United SocietyMother Ann Lee – feminine incarnation of ChristSexual equalityMinimized contact with the outside world

Transcendentalism Literary and philosophical movementTranscend the material world and obtain knowledge through a oneness with the universe