United States History United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals and Ideals The Civil War is one of the key events that The Civil War is one of the key events that formed America’s national character. This formed America’s national character. This unit examines the causes and effects of the unit examines the causes and effects of the conflict and change conflict and change of the American Civil of the American Civil War. It also provides a rich field for War. It also provides a rich field for examining the role of examining the role of individuals, groups and individuals, groups and institutions institutions in shaping history. It will also in shaping history. It will also show how show how production, distribution and production, distribution and consumption consumption help the economy to thrive as help the economy to thrive as industry supports the war. The unit concludes industry supports the war. The unit concludes with a focus on the with a focus on the beliefs and ideals beliefs and ideals of of political reconstruction of the South and the political reconstruction of the South and the struggles of newly freed African-Americans. struggles of newly freed African-Americans.
Transcript
United States History Unit 5: United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and IdealsClash of Beliefs and Ideals
The Civil War is one of the key events that formed The Civil War is one of the key events that formed America’s national character. This unit examines America’s national character. This unit examines the causes and effects of the the causes and effects of the conflict and conflict and change change of the American Civil War. It also provides of the American Civil War. It also provides a rich field for examining the role of a rich field for examining the role of individuals, individuals, groups and institutions groups and institutions in shaping history. It in shaping history. It will also show how will also show how production, distribution and production, distribution and consumption consumption help the economy to thrive as help the economy to thrive as industry supports the war. The unit concludes with industry supports the war. The unit concludes with a focus on the a focus on the beliefs and ideals beliefs and ideals of political of political reconstruction of the South and the struggles of reconstruction of the South and the struggles of newly freed African-Americans. newly freed African-Americans.
United States History Unit 5: United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and IdealsClash of Beliefs and Ideals
SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. westward expansion.
a. Explain how slavery became a significant issue in a. Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke sisters). Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke sisters).
b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories. in western states and territories.
c. Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of c. Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism. and development of sectionalism.
d. Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso. d. Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso. e. Explain the Compromise of 1850. e. Explain the Compromise of 1850.
United States History Unit 5: United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and IdealsClash of Beliefs and Ideals
1. THE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD1. THE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD
2. THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR2. THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
3. WHAT DO YOU KNOW?3. WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
ANTEBELLUM PERIODANTEBELLUM PERIOD
In In United States historyUnited States history and and historiographyhistoriography, "antebellum" is , "antebellum" is commonly used, in lieu of "pre-Civil commonly used, in lieu of "pre-Civil War," in reference to the period of War," in reference to the period of increasing increasing sectionalismsectionalism that led up to that led up to the the American Civil WarAmerican Civil War. .
AMERICAN CIVIL WARAMERICAN CIVIL WAR
The The American Civil WarAmerican Civil War (1861– (1861–1865), also known as the 1865), also known as the War War Between the StatesBetween the States and several and several other namesother names, was a , was a civil warcivil war in the in the United States of AmericaUnited States of America. Eleven . Eleven SouthernSouthern slave statesslave states declared their declared their secessionsecession from the U.S. and formed from the U.S. and formed the the Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America (the Confederacy). (the Confederacy).
United States History Unit 5: United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and IdealsClash of Beliefs and Ideals
REVIEWREVIEW PRINCIPLES OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE
USCUSC IMPORTANT YEARSIMPORTANT YEARS 1)AMERICAN 1)AMERICAN
United States History Unit 5: United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and IdealsClash of Beliefs and Ideals
1. EMERGENCE OF 3 DISTINCT REGIONS IN 1. EMERGENCE OF 3 DISTINCT REGIONS IN THE USATHE USA
1)NORTH1)NORTH 2)SOUTH2)SOUTH 3)WEST3)WEST
2.MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN N. AND S.2.MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN N. AND S. 3.IN THE WEST, SETTLERS FROM N. AND S. 3.IN THE WEST, SETTLERS FROM N. AND S.
MERGED TO CREATE CULTUREMERGED TO CREATE CULTURE
UNITED STATES, 1861UNITED STATES, 1861
CLASH OF BELIEFS AND IDEALS:CLASH OF BELIEFS AND IDEALS:ABOLITIONABOLITION
1. 1. AbolitionismAbolitionism was a movement to was a movement to end the end the slave tradeslave trade and emancipate and emancipate slaves in slaves in western Europewestern Europe and and the Americasthe Americas. .
2. 1820, End of slavery in the N.2. 1820, End of slavery in the N. 3. Many northerners, some 3. Many northerners, some
southerners supported abolition.southerners supported abolition. 4. S., slavery; divisive issue between 4. S., slavery; divisive issue between
N. and S.N. and S.
PROMINENT ABOLITIONISTSPROMINENT ABOLITIONISTS
1. WHITE, BLACK, MEN, AND WOMEN1. WHITE, BLACK, MEN, AND WOMEN 2. WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON2. WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 3. FREDERICK DOUGLASS3. FREDERICK DOUGLASS 4. SARAH AND ANGELINA GRIMKE4. SARAH AND ANGELINA GRIMKE
ABOLITIONISTSABOLITIONISTS William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison
(December 12, 1805 – May (December 12, 1805 – May 24, 1879) was a prominent 24, 1879) was a prominent AmericanAmerican abolitionistabolitionist, , journalist, and social journalist, and social reformer. He is best known reformer. He is best known as the editor of the radical as the editor of the radical abolitionist newspaper, abolitionist newspaper, The LiberatorThe Liberator, and as one , and as one of the founders of the of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery SociAmerican Anti-Slavery Societyety. He promoted "immediate . He promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in emancipation" of slaves in the United States. the United States.
ABOLITIONISTSABOLITIONISTS Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass
(born (born Frederick Frederick Augustus Washington Augustus Washington BaileyBailey, February 14, 1818 , February 14, 1818 – February 20, 1895) was – February 20, 1895) was an American an American abolitionistabolitionist, , women's suffragistwomen's suffragist, , editoreditor, , oratororator, , authorauthor, , statesmanstatesman and and reformerreformer. .
He was a firm believer in He was a firm believer in the the equalityequality of all people, of all people, whether whether blackblack, , femalefemale, , Native AmericanNative American, or recent , or recent immigrantimmigrant. He was fond of . He was fond of saying, "I would unite with saying, "I would unite with anybody to do right and anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong." with nobody to do wrong."
ABOLITIONISTSABOLITIONISTS
SLAVERYSLAVERY 1. POLITICAL ISSUE1. POLITICAL ISSUE 2. MOST WHITE SOUTHERNERS OPPOSED 2. MOST WHITE SOUTHERNERS OPPOSED
ABOLITION.ABOLITION.
PRO-SLAVERY ARGUMENTSPRO-SLAVERY ARGUMENTS 3. NECESSARY PART OF SOUTH FOR 3. NECESSARY PART OF SOUTH FOR
WELL, BETTER THAN FACTORY WORKERS WELL, BETTER THAN FACTORY WORKERS IN THE NORTHIN THE NORTH
5. SLAVES BETTER OFF THAN FREE BLACKS5. SLAVES BETTER OFF THAN FREE BLACKS
POLITICAL ISSUE OF SLAVERYPOLITICAL ISSUE OF SLAVERY
1. MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 18201. MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 1820 2. ORIGIN: DESIRE FOR STATEHOOD, 2. ORIGIN: DESIRE FOR STATEHOOD,
PROSLAVERY V. ANTISLAVERYPROSLAVERY V. ANTISLAVERY 3. MISSOURI CONSTITUTION ALLOWED 3. MISSOURI CONSTITUTION ALLOWED
SLAVERY BUT IT UPSET BALANCE SLAVERY BUT IT UPSET BALANCE BETWEEN SLAVE AND FREE STATES IN USABETWEEN SLAVE AND FREE STATES IN USA
4. TEMPORARY RESOLUTION: MAINE, FREE 4. TEMPORARY RESOLUTION: MAINE, FREE STATE, MISSOURI, SLAVE STATE (UNTIL STATE, MISSOURI, SLAVE STATE (UNTIL THE NEXT STATE WANTED ENTRY INTO THE NEXT STATE WANTED ENTRY INTO UNION)UNION)
5. GREAT COMPROMISER, HENRY CLAY5. GREAT COMPROMISER, HENRY CLAY
HENRY CLAYHENRY CLAY Henry Clay, Sr.Henry Clay, Sr. ( (
April 12April 12, , 17771777 – – June 29June 29, , 18521852) was a ) was a nineteenth-century nineteenth-century AmericanAmerican statesman statesman and and oratororator who who represented represented KentuckyKentucky in both the in both the House of RepresentatiHouse of Representativesves and and SenateSenate. .
Known as "The Great Known as "The Great Compromiser" and Compromiser" and "The Great Pacifier" "The Great Pacifier" for his ability to bring for his ability to bring others to agreement others to agreement
1. NULLIFICATION CRISIS1. NULLIFICATION CRISIS 2. DEFINED: RIGHTS OF STATES TO NULLIFY (CANCEL) FED LAWS 2. DEFINED: RIGHTS OF STATES TO NULLIFY (CANCEL) FED LAWS
THEY OPPOSEDTHEY OPPOSED 3. ORIGIN: SOUTHERN STATES WANTED TO NULLIFY HIGH TARIFF 3. ORIGIN: SOUTHERN STATES WANTED TO NULLIFY HIGH TARIFF
(TAX) PASSED BY CONGRESS ON MANUFACTURED GOODS (TAX) PASSED BY CONGRESS ON MANUFACTURED GOODS IMPORTED FROM EUROPE.IMPORTED FROM EUROPE.
4. SOUTH CAROLINA NULLIFIED THE TARIFF.4. SOUTH CAROLINA NULLIFIED THE TARIFF. 5. VP JOHN C. CALHOUN V. PRES. ANDREW JACKSON5. VP JOHN C. CALHOUN V. PRES. ANDREW JACKSON 6. CALHOUN RESIGNED TO LEAD SOUTHERN STATES6. CALHOUN RESIGNED TO LEAD SOUTHERN STATES 7. RESULT: 7. RESULT: RISE OF SECTIONALISMRISE OF SECTIONALISM, LOYALTY TO REGION OF , LOYALTY TO REGION OF
NATION RATHER THAN NATION NATION RATHER THAN NATION AND STATES’ SIGHTS, AND STATES’ SIGHTS, IDEA IDEA THAT STATES HAVE CERTAIN RIGHTS SEPARATE FROM FED AND THAT STATES HAVE CERTAIN RIGHTS SEPARATE FROM FED AND FED CANNOT VIOLATEFED CANNOT VIOLATE
8. MOSTLY SOUTHERNERS8. MOSTLY SOUTHERNERS 9. OPPOSITION SAID: RESULT OF STATES’ RIGHTS WOULD 9. OPPOSITION SAID: RESULT OF STATES’ RIGHTS WOULD
LEAD TO MORE DIVISION, WARFARELEAD TO MORE DIVISION, WARFARE 10. HENRY CLAY, COMPROMISE, LESSEN TAX OVER 10 10. HENRY CLAY, COMPROMISE, LESSEN TAX OVER 10
YEARSYEARS
NULLIFICATION, CALHOUN V. JACKSONNULLIFICATION, CALHOUN V. JACKSON
CONTINUING POLITICAL CRISISCONTINUING POLITICAL CRISIS
1. WILMOT PROVISO1. WILMOT PROVISO The The Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso, ,
one of the major one of the major events leading to the events leading to the Civil War, would have Civil War, would have banned slavery in any banned slavery in any territory to be acquired territory to be acquired from Mexico in the from Mexico in the Mexican War or in the Mexican War or in the future, including the future, including the area later known as area later known as the Mexican Cessionthe Mexican Cession
CONTINUING POLITICAL CRISISCONTINUING POLITICAL CRISIS
1. COMPROMISE OF 18501. COMPROMISE OF 1850 2. ISSUE: ISSUE OF SLAVERY AND 2. ISSUE: ISSUE OF SLAVERY AND
EXPANSION THREATENED SURVIVAL EXPANSION THREATENED SURVIVAL OF NATIONOF NATION
3. RESULT: COMPROMISE OF 18503. RESULT: COMPROMISE OF 1850
COMPROMISE OF 1850COMPROMISE OF 1850
The The Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 was a was a series of bills aimed at resolving the series of bills aimed at resolving the territorialterritorial and and slaveryslavery controversies controversies arising from the arising from the Mexican-American WarMexican-American War (1846–1848). (1846–1848).
There were five laws that balanced the There were five laws that balanced the interests of the interests of the slave statesslave states of the of the SouthSouth and the and the free statesfree states to the north. to the north.
PROVISIONS OF COMPROMISE PROVISIONS OF COMPROMISE OF 1850OF 1850
1 Admission of State of 1 Admission of State of TexasTexas and and organization of the Territory of New organization of the Territory of New Mexico Mexico
2 Organization of the Territory of Utah 2 Organization of the Territory of Utah 3 Admission of California to the Union3 Admission of California to the Union 4 Fugitive Slave Law4 Fugitive Slave Law 5 Banned the slave trade from the 5 Banned the slave trade from the
District of Columbia, Washington D.C.District of Columbia, Washington D.C.
SEE MAP OF USA, EXPANSION OF SEE MAP OF USA, EXPANSION OF FREE AND SLAVE STATES (WIKI, FREE AND SLAVE STATES (WIKI, WILMOT PROVISO)WILMOT PROVISO)
COMPROMISE OF 1850COMPROMISE OF 1850
WAR DURING CRISIS, THE WAR DURING CRISIS, THE MEXICAN AMERICAN WARMEXICAN AMERICAN WAR
1. 1846-18481. 1846-1848 2. CAUSES2. CAUSES 1) USA ADMITTED TEXAS TO UNION, AFTER 1) USA ADMITTED TEXAS TO UNION, AFTER
REBELLING AGAINST MEXICO, NOT REBELLING AGAINST MEXICO, NOT RECOGNIZED BY MEXICORECOGNIZED BY MEXICO
2) USA WANTED NEW MEXICO AND 2) USA WANTED NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA, MEXICAN PROVINCESCALIFORNIA, MEXICAN PROVINCES
3. USA OCCUPIED N. MEX.3. USA OCCUPIED N. MEX. 4. RESULT: TREATY OF GUADALUPE 4. RESULT: TREATY OF GUADALUPE
HIDALGO, 2 FEB 1848HIDALGO, 2 FEB 1848
SUMMARY OF TREATY SUMMARY OF TREATY RESULTSRESULTS
The cession that the treaty facilitated The cession that the treaty facilitated included parts of the modern-day included parts of the modern-day U.S. statesU.S. states of of ColoradoColorado, , ArizonaArizona, , New MexicoNew Mexico, and , and WyomingWyoming, as well as , as well as the whole of the whole of CaliforniaCalifornia, , NevadaNevada, and , and UtahUtah. The remaining parts of what are . The remaining parts of what are today the states of today the states of ArizonaArizona and and New MexicoNew Mexico were later ceded under the were later ceded under the 1853 1853 Gadsden PurchaseGadsden Purchase, in which the , in which the United States paid an additional United States paid an additional $10,000,000. $10,000,000.
COMPLETION OF THE LOWER COMPLETION OF THE LOWER 48 STATES OF THE USA48 STATES OF THE USA
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