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BS 98 03-37 - B 97 03-01 United States Power Squadrons®
VHF RADIO
VHF = Very High Frequency A vital piece of safety equipment Clear, static-free messages 20-30 miles 24-hour contact with Coast Guard Contact other boats and shore stations 24-hour source of weather information
BS 98 03-38 - B 97 03-02 United States Power Squadrons®
USE YOUR VHF RADIO LEGALLY
Distress Calls – Danger to life and property Safety Calls – Avoiding collision, safety
bulletins Operational Calls – Obtaining navigational
information, supplies, accommodations, repairs; arranging to meet other boats.
Public Correspondence – with shore public
telephone
BS 98 03-40 - B 97 03-03 United States Power Squadrons®
CHANNEL 16 - DISTRESS, SAFETY AND CALLING
If you have your radio on, you must monitor channel 16
( In Coast Guard District 1, Channel 09 may also used)
All boats monitoring this channel insures that distress messages will be heard
BS 98 03-41 - B 97 03-04 United States Power Squadrons®
SPECIAL RADIO WORDS
“Affirmative” = You are correct
“Negative” = No
“Out” = I am through talking “Over” = I am through talking;
I expect a reply
“Roger” = I received your last call OK
BS 98 03-43 - B 97 03-05-1 United States Power Squadrons®
EMERGENCY CALLSTHE DISTRESS SIGNAL
“MAYDAY”
For assistance when there is immediate danger to life and property
Examples• Life-threatening medical emergencies• Boat sinking• Boat on fire
BS 98 03-44 - B 97 03-05-2 United States Power Squadrons®
EMERGENCY CALLSTHE URGENCY CALL
“PAN-PAN”
For assistance when the danger does not warrant a “MAYDAY” call
Examples:• Running out of fuel• Lost in a fog• Unable to control or operate vessel
BS 98 03-45 - B 97 03-05-3 United States Power Squadrons®
EMERGENCY CALLSTHE SAFETY SIGNAL
“SECURITE”
For navigation safety messages
Examples:• Weather Alerts
• Operational signals - backing out of a slip, approaching a blind bend
• To report a navigational hazard, such as a sunken object in a busy channel
BS 98 03-42 - B 97 03-06 United States Power Squadrons®
EMERGENCY CALLSINFORMATION VITAL FOROBTAINING ASSISTANCE
Your location The nature of your distress Description of your boat Number of persons aboard
(Any injured) Seaworthiness of your boat
BS 98 03-39 - B 97 03-07 United States Power Squadrons®
06 Ship to ship safety
13 Navigational safety - ship to ship, locks and bridges
16 Distress, safety, calling
09 Alternative calling channel - ship to ship, ship to coast
22 Communication with Coast Guard after contacting on channel 16; for receiving
CG safety information
68, 69, 71, 72, 78 - Working channels
RECREATIONAL BOAT
VHF CHANNELS
BS 98 03-46 - B 97 03-08 United States Power Squadrons®
NOAA WEATHERCHANNELS
WX-1, WX-2, WX-3,WX-4,WX-5, WX-6, WX-7,Canada - WX-4
PUBLICCORRESPONDENCE
CHANNELS
24, 25, 26, 27, 28,84, 85, 86 87, 88
Additional VHF Channels
BS 98 03-01 - B 97 06-01 United States Power Squadrons®
“MARK”AN AID TO NAVIGATION YOU SEE
WHILE BOATING
TWO CATEGORIES OF MARKS
Lateral Marks• Marks starboard and port sides of a route
Non-Lateral Marks • Supplemental aids having no lateral significance
BS 98 03-02 - B 97 06-02 United States Power Squadrons®
IDENTIFICATION OF “MARKS”
In Daylight• Shapes• Colors• Numbers or letters• Sounds
At Night• Light color and patterns• Sounds
Always Locate Marks On Your Chart
BS 98 03-03-1 - B 97 06-03 United States Power Squadrons®
TYPES OF “MARKS”
BUOYS• Floating marks anchored at specific
locations
BEACONS• Fixed marks permanently fastened
to the earth’s surface
BS 98 03-03-2 - B 97 06-04 United States Power Squadrons®
“BUOYS” Floating Aids
• Various shapes and colors
Position approximate Identified by
• Number, letters, sound devices and lights
Chart symbol• diamond with a small position circle
• Magenta disc around position circle, if lighted
BS 98 03-03-3 - B 97 06-05 United States Power Squadrons®
“BEACONS” Permanently fixed to Earth's surface Examples:
• Lighthouses
• Daybeacons
Identified by:• Numbers, letters, sound devices, lights
Chart symbols:• Unlighted - small triangle or square
• Lighted - magenta flare with a black position dot
BS 98 03-05 - B 97 06-06 United States Power Squadrons®
The “3-R” Rule Red - Right - Returning
When Returning from sea, keep red side-of-channel marks to your starboard
“Returning” is:• Entering a harbor or bay from the open ocean
• Traveling up a river from the sea
• Traveling clockwise around the U.S. along it’s coastline
– South along the Atlantic coast
– West along the Gulf coast
– North along the Pacific coast
BS 98 03-11 - B 97 06-08 United States Power Squadrons®
TYPES OFSOUND SIGNALS
BS 98 03-14 - B 97 12-01 United States Power Squadrons®
The General Rule of Responsibility
You must comply with The Rules
You must take every precaution required by the
“ordinary practice of good seamanship” to avoid
immediate danger, including collision.
“Precaution” may include departing from the rules.
BS 98 03-15-1 - B 97 12-02-1 United States Power Squadrons®
Definition of Terms
Sailing Vessel Under sail only
Power-Driven Vessel Propelled by machinery
Give-Way Vessel Must stay out of another vessel’s way
Stand-On Vessel Not required to get out of the way,
but must always avoid collision Underway
Not at anchor, made fast to shore, or aground
BS 98 03-15-2 - B 97 12-02-2 United States Power Squadrons®
Definition of Terms
Restricted Visibility Any condition in which visibility is restricted
Vessel Not Under Command Unable to maneuver as required by The Rules due to
special circumstances, and therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel
Vessel Restricted in Ability to Maneuver Unable to maneuver due to the nature of her work
and unable to keep out of the way of another vessel
BS 98 03-18-1 - B 97 12-03 United States Power Squadrons®
Steering and Sailing Rules
Apply in Three General Situations
Vessels in any condition of visibility
Vessels in sight of one another
Vessels in restricted visibility
BS 98 03-18-4 - B 97 12-04-1 United States Power Squadrons®
Steering and Sailing RulesIn Any Condition of Visibility
Lookout You must maintain a lookout at all times
You must be alert for other boats
Your lookout must be qualified and have no other duties
Safe Speed You must always proceed at safe speed
BS 98 03-18-5 - B 97 12-04-2 United States Power Squadrons®
Steering and Sailing RulesIn Any Condition of Visibility Proceeding in Narrow Channels
Keep as near to the outer edge of a channel that lies to your starboard side as is safe and practical
Do not impede vessels that can safely navigate only within a
narrow channel
Rounding a Bend Navigate with alertness and caution
Sound warning signals
BS 98 03-18-3 - B 97 12-04-3 United States Power Squadrons®
Steering and Sailing RulesIn Any Condition of Visibility
Vessel Priority
(Except where required otherwise)
• Vessels not under command
• Vessels restricted in maneuverability
• Vessels engaged in fishing
• Power-driven vessels
BS 98 03-19-1 - B 97 12-05-1 United States Power Squadrons®
Steering and Sailing RulesVessels in Sight of One Another
Vessel Overtaking
The overtaking vessel must give-way
The vessel being overtaken must stand-on
The overtaking vessel, with proper signal,
may pass on either side
BS 98 03-19-2 - B 97 12-05-2 United States Power Squadrons®
Steering and Sailing RulesVessels in Sight of One Another
Powerboats Meeting Head-On
Neither vessel has priority of movement
Both must take action to avoid collision
Vessels, with proper signal, may pass on
either side
BS 98 03-19-3 - B 97 12-05-3 United States Power Squadrons®
Steering and Sailing RulesVessels in Sight of One Another
Powerboats Crossing
A power-driven vessel seeing another vessel
crossing off its starboard side is the give-way
vessel
The crossing vessel is the stand-on vessel, but
must always take action to avoid collision
BS 98 03-19-4 - B 97 12-05-4 United States Power Squadrons®
Steering and Sailing Rules
Vessels In Sight Of One Another
Wind Stand-On Vessel
Give-Way Vessel
Wind on starboard side
Wind on port side
Sailing vessels approaching one another each with wind on a different side
BS 98 03-19-5 - B 97 12-05-5 United States Power Squadrons®
Steering and Sailing Rules
Vessels In Sight Of One Another
Sailing vessels approaching one another both with wind on the same side
Give-Way Vessel
Wind
Stand-On Vessel
BS 98 03-17-1 - B 97 12-06 United States Power Squadrons®
Steering and Sailing RulesVessels in Restricted Visibility
Proceed at a safe speed
Display running lights
Sound proper sound signals
Post lookouts and listen for other vessels
BS 98 03-16 - B 97 12-07 United States Power Squadrons®
Maneuvering and Warning Signals
Meeting, Overtaking, Crossing
I intend to pass you on my port side– 1 short
I intend to pass you on my starboard– 2 short
Operating Astern Propulsion– 3 short
Approaching a Blind Channel Bend or Departing a Dock or Mooring
– 1 prolonged
DANGER SIGNAL– 5 or more short
Short Blast - 1 Sec Prolonged Blast - 4-6 Sec
BS 98 03-17-2 - B 97 12-08 United States Power Squadrons®
Signals for Vessels at Anchor in Restricted Visibility
Length of Vessel Signal
Vessels under, 39.4 feet (12 m)
Any efficient signal device sounded every 2 minutes
Vessels 39.4 feet and less than 328.1 feet (100 m)
Ring a bell rapidly for 5 seconds every minute
All Vessels
May supplement bell ringing with 3 whistle blasts in succession
one short one prolonged one short
BS 98 03-17-3 - B 97 12-09 United States Power Squadrons®
Signals for Vessels Underway in Restricted Visibility
Type of Vessel Signal
Powerboats making way
1 prolonged blast every 2 minutes
Powerboats underway but stopped
2 prolonged blasts every 2 minutes
Sailing Vessels Vessels restricted in ability to maneuver Vessels not under command
1 prolonged blast followed by 2 short blasts every 2 minutes
BS 98 03-20 - B 97 12-18 United States Power Squadrons®
Know the Lights on Large Vessels
Especially tugs and tows!
IT COULD SAVE YOUR LIFE!
Don’t recognize the light you see?
STAY AWAY!
KEEP YOUR DISTANCE!
BS 98 03-25 - B 97 14-03 United States Power Squadrons®
Mounting a Cleat with a Backing Block
Cleat
DeckBacking Block
Apply caulking to the bolt holes between the deck and cleat before tightening
BS 98 03-26 - B 97 14-04 United States Power Squadrons®
TOWING TECHNIQUES
Tow
Towin
g
Bridle aroundboat
Stern cleats with backingTransom
Eyebolts
Bow Eye
BS 98 03-27 - B 97 14-05 United States Power Squadrons®
Man Overboard RecoveryProcedures
Shout “Man Overboard”
Toss out a life preserver
Keep victim in sight
Stop forward motion and turn back to victim
Approach victim against wind/waves
B 98 03-30 - B 97 14-09 United States Power Squadrons®
Operating in Restricted Visibility
Reduce speed
Sound proper signals
Life jackets on all aboard
Post lookouts bow an stern
Navigation lights on
Listen for other boats
Determine position
BS 98 03-33 - 97 14-13 United States Power Squadrons®
Reacting to a Collision
Account for crews - both boats
Give first aid if needed
Call for help if needed
Estimate your position
Life jackets on all aboard
Make emergency repairs if needed
Report accident as required