Date post: | 24-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | stewart-mathews |
View: | 239 times |
Download: | 0 times |
United States Power Squadrons ®
How to pass the Final Exams
Piloting
& Advanced Piloting
READ &
FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS!
Piloting and Advanced Piloting
Slide 3
Show all Calculations!
USPS wants to see that you know how to getthe answer, not just that you got it
Explicit requirement in exam instructions Most common source of lost points Also allows for part credit for wrong
answers
In general, show• Formula• Formula with numbers plugged in:• Answer
Slide 4
Showing Distance Calculations
Preliminary : 0943 – 0810 = 93 min
Example 1: You depart at 0810 at a speed of 4.0 kts, how far have you traveled at 0943?
Formula: D = S T / 60
Formula with rawnumbers plugged in: D = 4.0 x 93 / 60
Answer: D = 6.2
Show all the yellow informationabove in your exam booklet
Slide 5
Showing Time Calculations
Example 2: You depart at 0820 and travel 3.9 miles at 4.0 kts, what is your ETA?
Formula: T = 60 D / S
Formula with rawnumbers plugged in: T = 60 x 3.9 / 4.0
Answer: T = 58.5 = 59
Post work: ETA = 0820 + 59 = 0919
Courses & Directions in Exams
Piloting & Advanced Piloting -- always label courses & directions as MAGNETIC
Slide 6
TVM calculations must be shown,
orTVMDC calculations
if required by question
Slide 7
Showing TVM Calculations
Formula AnswerT
V
M
240 T
15 W
255 M
Example 3: With your hand bearing compass, you measure magnetic bearing to the lighthouse of 255 degrees. Plot and label it
Unless otherwise indicated by a question, deviation may be considered negligible andcalculations are not required to show C or D
Slide 8
Showing TVMDC Calculations
Formula AnswerT
V
M
D
C
240 T
15 W
255 M
3 E
252 C
Example 4: If required by a question, calculations must show
Deviation and Compass direction
Slide 9
Show TVM Calculations
You will lose credit if TVM calculations not shown –
If you wish to check your calculations, you can measure against magnetic compass rose
Slide 10
Plotting and Labeling
Be sure to follow the plotting and labeling standards• in your text • on the USPS web site
If uncertain, review the cruise plot
Slide 11
Plotting and Labeling (cont)
Don’t forget to plot DRs when doing DR navigation!!• At every “navigational event”
Change of course Change of speed Taking a bearing Getting a FIX
• Not needed if within a qualified path using GPS
•For the AP exam ONLY – DR required only when specified by exam.
Slide 12
Plotting and Labeling (cont)
Remember
Fix times are horizontal example : 1018
1018 DR times are diagonal example:
If fix is not by bearings, you must show source example: 1018 GPS
Slide 13
Plotting and Labeling (cont)
When measuring longitude, don’t forget that it increases from right to left in the western hemisphere (ie, in Bowditch Bay)
Do not show ETAs on plot • Not part of the Plotting and Labeling
Requirements• Put required ETAs (and supporting
calculations!) in answer book
Slide 14
Miscellaneous
THINK – does your answer make sense??Does it pass the test for reasonableness?
Consider using alternate methods to check your work. For example, use the magnetic rose to check your TVM calculations.
Be careful, be neat. If an exam grader can’t figure out your work (especially your plot) he/she can’t give it an accurate grade!
Slide 15
Common reasons for errors
Lack of knowledge of how to plot
Not showing work
Not showing TVM calculations
Not plotting DRs, especially when bearings are taken
Slide 16
Oh, did I mention?
Show all work!!•Including TVM calculations
Give yourself enough time to do a good job
Final exam takes most students eight to twelve
hours to complete
Don’t start the night before it’s due
No Extra Credit For Speed
Good Luck!
“Luck can be defined as the intersection of preparation and opportunity”
You are preparedYou now have opportunity
Slide 19
End