+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

Date post: 14-Apr-2018
Category:
Upload: mattia-di-cresce
View: 219 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend

of 19

Transcript
  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    1/19

    Article 4Presented to you by:Aniello Giuseppe

    Di Cresce Mattia

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    2/19

    No one shall be held in slavery or servitude;slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited

    in all their forms.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    3/19

    Slavery refers to a condition in which individualsare owned by others, who control where they liveand at what they work. Slavery had previouslyexisted throughout history, in many times andmost places. The ancient Greeks, the Romans,Incas and Aztecs all had slaves.

    Slavery is a system under which people aretreated as property to be bought and sold, andare forced to work. Slaves can be held against

    their will from the time of their capture, purchaseor birth, and deprived of the right to leave, torefuse to work, or to demand compensation.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    4/19

    Slavery was widelyaccepted in most of theancient civilizations andit was regulated by laws.Among these ancientcivilizations, the Roman

    one had represented thepeak of the slave society,in which slaves labourwas an essential factorfor the economy. One ofthe most important

    achievements of Romanconquest wars was thetake-over of new slaves.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    5/19

    Not unlike Rome, ancient Greece based its economicalsystem on slavery. In fact in Athens for a long timethere were more slaves than freemen.

    The great importance of this social phenomenonexplains how it was possible to build architecturalmasterpieces in the antiquity.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    6/19

    During the Middle Agesa new socialphenomenon arose: theserfdom. It was the

    main kind of forcedlabor at that age;however it wasnt a realform of slavery.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    7/19

    After the discovery of the American continent byChristopher Columbus in 1492, slavery enteredevery aspect of economical life. The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade began around the mid-fifteenth century when Portuguese interests in

    Africa moved away from the fabled deposits ofgold to a much more readily availablecommodity:slaves. By the seventeenth centurythe trade was in full swing, reaching a peaktowards the end of the eighteenth century. It was

    a trade which was especially fruitful, since everystage of the journey could be profitable formerchants.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    8/19

    Expanding European empires in the NewWorld lacked one major resource: a workforce. In most cases the indigenouspeople had proved unreliable (most ofthem were dying from diseases brought

    over from Europe), and Europeans wereunsuited to the climate and sufferedunder tropical diseases. Africans, on theother hand, were excellent workers: theyoften had experience of agriculture and

    keeping cattle, they were used to atropical climate, resistant to tropicaldiseases, and they could work very hardon plantations or in mines.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    9/19

    All three stages of the Triangular Trade(named for the rough shape it makes on amap) were profitable for merchants.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    10/19

    The first stage of the Triangular Trade involved takingmanufactured goods from Europe to Africa. These goodswere exchanged for African slaves.

    The second stage of

    the Triangular Tradeinvolved shipping theslaves to the Americas.

    The third, and final,stage of the Triangular

    Trade involved thereturn to Europe withthe produce from theslave-labor plantations.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    11/19

    During the Age ofEnlightenment peoplestarted to consider slavesas human beings. In fact,during this period, a newmovement started to

    spread: the abolitionism.Abolitionists were all thosewho fought against theslave trade and, in general,against any kind of abusetowards human beings. It is

    thanks to this movementthat slavery started to bebanned in all the colonialcountries.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    12/19

    The first country to banthe slave trade wasEngland. In fact thanks tothe Slave Trade Act,passed by the BritishParliament on 25 March1807, the slave tradebecame illegalthroughout the BritishEmpire. The Act imposeda fine of 100 for every

    slave found aboard aBritish ship. The act'sintention was to entirelyoutlaw the slave trade

    within the British Empire,but the lucrative tradecontinued throughsmuggling. Sometimescaptains at risk of beingcaught by the Royal Navywould throw slaves intothe sea to reduce theirfines. Thanks to theRoyal Navyapproximately 1,600

    slave ships were seizedover the years and150,000 Africans whowere aboard were freed.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    13/19

    The American Civil War was a civilwar fought from 1861 to 1865between the United States andseveral Southern slave-states thathad declared their secession and

    formed the Confederate States ofAmerica. The war had its origin inthe issue of slavery and, afterfour years of bloody combat, theConfederacy was defeated,slavery was abolished, and thedifficult Reconstruction processof restoring unity andguaranteeing rights to the freedslaves began.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    14/19

    If slavery is notwrong, nothing is

    wrong!

    Abraham Lincoln

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    15/19

    After the atrocitiescommitted by the NaziGermany during WWII therewas the need of specifyingthe rights of individuals in

    the United Nations Charter.Therefore in 1948 theUniversal Declaration ofHuman Rights was written.Among the 30 articles of

    the declaration, the UNfound necessary to forbidslavery thanks to the fourtharticle.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    16/19

    While slavery was the first human rightissue to arouse worldwide attention andinternational concern, we must face thefact that the practice of slavery remainsa persistent problem in many parts ofthe world.

    Usually, we think about slavery assomething belonging to the past; wethink about servants of the ancientRome, about Africans working in cottonfields in the southern States of the USA.We dont imagine that even today, in

    the 21 st century, men, women andchildren live just like slaves. Yet it is so,in fact there are millions of slaves allover the world.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    17/19

    Child labour and the use ofchildren in armed conflictsare probably the worstexamples of slavery today.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    18/19

    The new slavery can be fought thanks to the lawenforcement agency, founding new organizationsagainst human trafficking or simply passing new

    juridical rules. Besides, slavery has to be fought spreading as

    much as possible education in underdevelopedareas and supporting under the psychologicaland the economical aspects the victims of theabuses.

    But, above all, slavery must be vanquished

    defeating the general disregard towards themisery of millions of people still hit by the mostunbearable kinds of violences.

  • 7/30/2019 Universal Declaration of Human Rights : article 4 (presentation)

    19/19


Recommended