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Welcome !
Universal design (UD) – what and how
Tom Vavik
Institutt for designOslo School of Architecture and Design
Content
What Definitions and background A brief historically backgroundAccessibility
How Inclusive design processRecommendations and guidelines Examples
Who I am
TeachingErgonomics and Universal Design
to design students
Publications
Interests
Universal design
What
1991: “Universal design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design"
(Ronald L. Mace. The Center for Universal Design, the United States.)
Include not exclude
Universal design
WHY
Mastering everyday life
Gender equality
Non-discrimination
Equal opportunities
Equality
Self-determination
Active participation in society
Personal and
social responsibility
AREAS
Buildings, outdoor areas, goods, services, transport and communications, ICT-
solutions
DESIGN ACTIONS Increase quality through a design process with end user participation
Discover and understand the requirements
Specify the needs and whishes from the users,
the context and the tasks
Use and transform standards, guidelines,
and checklists
Test and evaluate with users along the design
process
HOW
Public action plans, legislation and regulations,
a profitable market.
Developing attitudes and physical, digital and
organizational solutions
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The ’Usability Pyramid’ (Knut Nordby 2004)
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Universal Design also known as Inclusive Design, Design for All and Accessible Design
Universal Design (USA)• The Americans with Disabilities
Act (ADA)(1990)• Architect Ronald L. Mace (1991) • 7 Principles of UD (1997)
Inclusive Design (England)• Roger Coleman, Royal College
of Art (RCA), Helen Hamlyn Centre
Rama GheerawoPeople centered design
• Cambridge
Universal design (Norway)• Norwegian Design Council
Innovation for All
Accessible DesignDesign for our future selvesTransgenerational Design
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Dependency on others
Physical accessibility AvailabilityPromote independent use Flexibility and possibility for choice
Cognitive accessibility Senses, multisensorial Easy to understand, learn and
remember
Physical and cognitive accessibility
UD is a part of a sustainable development…
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (UN, 1987)
… and a national strategy
• Universal design is a national strategy for making society accessible to all people. The Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion coordinates the Government's policy in this field through the Action plan for universal design and increased accessibility 2009-2013.
An ethical perspective to UD
”At a society level, universal design is based on equality and equal opportunities as values. For the individual this strategy should be linked to plurality, inclusion and
self-respect.”Ref. Inger Marie Lid [Oslo and Akershus University College, Norway]
Social Sustainable Development involves
• Basic human needs• Equity • Social accountability• Empowerment• Local self–reliance• Participation• Inclusion• Accessibility• Appropriate technology
• Protecting the mental and physical health of stakeholders
• Encouraging community development
• Treating all stakeholders fairly• Access to social resources• Providing essential services
(Esp.design.org,http://www.espdesign.org/sustainability-definition/social-sustainability/)
Sustainable development – design approaches
Design for Environment,Green design, EcoDesign
Universal design, Design for accessibility, Design for all, Participatory design,Inclusive design, Design for diversity
Strategic design, Design management
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Society’s requirements versus the individual’s abilities (Knut Nordby 2004)
What influence how a building is experienced?
• The features or qualities of the building itself • The capabilities of the user• The environment aspects, in which context it is acting in• How it is used, what are the tasks that are performed
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Classification of human abilities (CEN/CENELEC Guide 6)
Sensory abilities such asseeing, hearing, touch, taste, smell and ballance
Physical abilities such asspeech, dexterity, manipulation, mobilitystrength and endurance
Cognitive abilities such asintellect, memory, language and literacy
What disabilities-from an architecture perspective
• Freedom of movement (mobility impaired)• The ability to orient themselves (orienteringshemmet)• Tolerance towards drugs in the environment
(miljøhemmet)
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People with reduced mobility
Universal design
How
Universal Design in Norway
ConferencesAction Plans
“Universal design thinking has become widely recognized and applied in Norwegian political documents, statutory framework and technical guidelines.”
The Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion
• Disabilities• Ethnic Discrimination• Gender equality• Sexual orientation and gender identity• Universal design
• Universal design is a national strategy for making society accessible to all people.
Rules, regulations and laws
• Law on planning and buildingRegulations (Planning and Building)
• Laws prohibiting discrimination on grounds of disability (Discrimination and Accessibility Act)
• Arbeidsmiljøloven• Arbeids- og velferdsforvaltningsloven• Barnehageloven• Fagskoleloven• Folkehelseloven• Folkehøyskoleloven• Forvaltningsloven• Friluftsloven
• Husbankloven• Jernbaneloven• Kommunehelsetjenesteloven• Lov om offentlige anskaffelser • Opplæringsloven• Privatskoleloven• Tobakkskadeloven
• Act relating to universities and colleges (Universities and University Colleges Act).
• Valgloven• Vegloven• Yrkestransportloven
See www.lovdata.no
Hvordan … i designprosessen
Planlegging og analyse• Brukerprofil og interessentanalyse• Evaluering av eksisterende produkter• Litteratur og standarder• Spesifikasjon av brukerkrav
Design• System- funksjons- og oppgaveanalyse• Overføring av brukerkrav til anvendbare data• Teste og evaluere mock-ups og tidlige
prototyper
Testing og verifisering• Testing av prototyper med bruker• Modifisering
Model for teaching Design for diversity
Køsystem for alle, 2004
Marianne Rolfsen 2.år
Elements in an inclusive design process
How end user involvement
How 3-B analyse
Bruker• Brukerprofil• Interessentanalyse
Brukssituasjon• Fysiske og psykososiale miljøforhold
Bruksmåte• Oppgaveanalyse
• https://byggforalle.no/uu/sok.html
•
• http://statsbygg.no/UniversellUtforming/
• Statsbygg is the Norwegian government's key advisor in construction and property affairs, building commissioner, property manager and property developer.
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Examples
Side 38Foto: Oddvin Farestveit
Takk for oppmerksomheten!Takk for oppmerksomheten!
"Anything that can go wrong, will".
The generalised "folk" version of “Murphy's Law”
Photo: Gunn Schmitthenner
What is design ?
Design is about ethical values http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tngz9I-wQP4
"Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic exchange.”(ICSID)
ERGONOMICS3 (Ergonomidesign)
Physical Ergonomics
Emotional Ergonomics
+ Design process
Cognitive Ergonomics
Inclusive design - the strategy of the future
Inclusive design aims to enable allpeople to have equal opportunities toparticipate in every aspect of societyirrespective of cognitive, physical orsociocultural factors.
(Ergonomidesign in Stockholm)
Universal design approaches
• The use of the product (effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a particular context of use)
• The user interface and interaction
• The process used to develop the product
• The capability of an organization to apply this design strategy
(Adapted from http://www.usabilitynet.org)