UNIVERSITY OF AGRONOMIC SCIENCES AND VETERINARY … · NS SEME - Institute of Field and Vegetable...

Augsburg, 26 November 2013

UNIVERSITY OF AGRONOMIC SCIENCES AND

VETERINARY MEDICINE BUCHAREST- ROMANIA

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

1852-2013

2nd International Danube Soya Congress “DANUBE SOYA and the EUROPEAN PROTEIN DEBATE”

Augsburg, 25 – 26 November 2013

http://www.asas.ro/index.html


SOYBEAN CROP IN THE

RESEARCH &DEVELOPMENT AND

EDUCATION & TRAINING

SYSTEMS IN ROMANIA

Prof.em.dr.dr.h.c.Gheorghe Valentin ROMAN

Member of the Romanian Academy of

Agriculture and Forestry Sciences



•Total area: 23.83 mil ha

•Agricultural land: 13.982 mil ha

•Arable land: 8.995 mil ha

•Afforested land: 6.609 mil ha

•Inhabitants: 19.99 mil

•Rural population: 44.7 %

•Total active population: 8.6 mil people

•Active population in agriculture: 40.0 %

•Temperature continental climate

•Annual temperature - 10.4°C

•Annual rainfalls - 500 mm

•Long and hard winters (-15…..-35°C)

•Dry and hot summers (+28…..+42°C)

GENERAL DATA ON ROMANIAN

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES



CONTENT

A. SHORT HISTORY OF SOYBEAN CROP IN ROMANIA

C. SOYBEAN PLANT AND SOYBEAN CROP – IN THE EDUCATION AND

TRAINING SYSTEM

B. SOYBEAN CROP – IN THE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM



Evolution of Grain Leguminous

- Cultivated Area -

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Period

Cu

ltiv

ate

d A

rea

(th

ou

ha)

Peas Beans Soyabeans Lentil + other leguminous Total Leguminous

Se

co

nd

Wo

rld

W

ar

En

d o

f A

gri

cu

ltu

re

Co

op

era

tiviz

ati

on

Transition

to Free

Market

Ecomony

Soybean ▲



A.SHORT HISTORY OF SOYBEAN CROP IN ROMANIA

1876 – first information on Soybean growing in Romania

(1st period) - 1911 - 1947

1911 – 1913 – first research - Bucharest Central Research Station

1920 – research in the experimental network of the Romanian

Agricultural Research Institute (non successful –

too late varieties)

1931 - new field experiments - with earlier varieties

_________________________________________________

Grown areas - 1933 – 400 ha

- 1934 – 1,400 ha

- 1937 – 60,000 ha

- 1939 – 70,000 ha -> export to Central Europe

_________________________________________________

Varieties – Reiner (from Yugoslavia)

- Hungary, Small Yellow

- Herbst Műller 22



1st Favorability map for soybean crop in Romania (N. Zamfirescu, 1965)

(rainfal regime and relative air humidity as main criteria)

Very favorable

Favorable I

Favorable II+III



(2nd period) - 1948 – 1965

low interest for Soybean crop

research– in the experimental network of the Central Agricultural

Research Institute of Romania (since 1969, Academy of Agriculture and

Forestry Sciences) –> topics on growing technology

experiments in the Training and Experimental Farms of the high education

institutions

_________________________________________________

Grown areas with Soybean - 10 - 25,000 ha

_________________________________________________

Varieties - Mandarin

- Chippewa

- Lincoln

- Amurskaia 41

- Yellow of Platt, Reiner



(3rd period) - 1966 – 1990

huge interest for Soybean crop

development of large agricultural enterprises (state farms and cooperatives),

with specific crop rotations, including favorable previous crops for winter cereals

development of big livestock units asking for fodder proteins

rapid development of research on Soybean in the experimental network of

the Romanian Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences

since 1965 –> practical stages for farmers in the USA

_________________________________________________

Grown areas – 1960 – 25,000 ha

- 1970 – 70,000 ha

- 1980 – 364,000 ha

- 1987 – 1998 - 520,000 ha, Romania becoming the most important

producer of soybean in Europe

_________________________________________________

Varieties – from USA and Canada (Altona, Wilkin, Evans, Merit,

Hodgson, Acme, Chippewa 64);

Corsoy, Wayne, Amsoy 71 (II-III), Beeson (III-IV) –> very late

- Romanian – Flora, Violeta, Danubiana, (NARDI Fundulea),

Diamant Perla, (ARDS Turda), Ilfov



The new favorability map for Soybean crop in Romania (depending

on heat potential – GDD (toC>10oC)

1. 1600-1750oC; 2. 1400-1600 oC; 3. 1100-1400 oC; 4. 1200-1400 oC;

5. 1100-1250 oC (S. Dencescu, 1982)



(4th period) - 1991 – 2006

Soybean crop decline

- research – in the research network of the Romanian Academy of

Agriculture and Forestry Sciences and of the Universities of Agricultural

Sciences

_________________________________________________

Grown areas – 1990 – 190,000 ha

- 1995 – 73,000 ha

- 2001 – 38,000 ha

- 2006 – 150,000 ha

_________________________________________________

Varieties – new varieties from USA (Clamir, Clesir, Elisir, Gadir,

Valkir, Zefir)

- Romanian – Atlas, Columna, Daciana, Lena, Stil,

Triumf, Flora, Violeta, Romanesc 99 (NARDI Fundulea), Eugen,

Felix, Onix, Diamant , Perla (ARDS Turda)

- NS Seme - Balkan, Neoplanta, Venerra, Proteinka

- 2001 – 2006 – GM varieties (RR)



Fig. 2.2. Suprafaţa cultivată cu soia în perioada 1981-2007

Fig. 2.2. Soybean growing area in the years 1981-2007

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

450001980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Anul

Su

pra

faţa

(h

a)

Evolution of Soybean grown area in Calarasi County

(South Romania, irrigated conditions)

33-42 mii ha

15 thou ha

35 thou ha

6-7 thou ha

29 thou ha

4 thou ha



Fig.3.44. Suprafaţa cultivată cu soia în judeţul Dâmboviţa în perioada 1981-2008

Fig. 3.44. Soya bean growing area in Dâmboviţa County in the period 1981-2008

0

500

1000

1500

20002500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

60006500

7000

7500

8000

8500

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

Anul

Su

pra

faţa

(h

a)

0,2-1,7 thou ha

8,2 thou ha

9-190 ha

Evolution of Soybean grown area in Dambovita County

(Northern part of Romanian Plain, and hilly area)



(5th period) - 2007 – 2013

new growing interest for Soybean crop

for improving correct crop rotation

development of new livestock units interested to fodder proteins from internal

sources

clients interested to buy conventional soybean seeds and cakes (on domestic

and international market)

Imports of GM soybean seeds and cakes from oversees

_________________________________________________

Grown areas – 2007 – 133,000 ha

- 2009 – 49,000 ha

- 2013 – 72,000 ha

_________________________________________________

Varieties – Romanian – Oana F, Crina F (NARDI), Cristina TD,

Darina TD, Malina TD (ARDS)

- NS Seme – Galina, NS Mercury, NS Rubin, NS Trijumf

- Isidor, SG Eider, SGSR Picor (France, Canada)



2 3

Lugoj

Teleorman

Training and

experimental

farms

Research stations

network

Valu lui Traian

Tulcea Braila

Albota-Pitesti

Podu Iloaiei

Suceava

Secuieni Turda

Livada

Oradea

Lovrin

Simnic

Fundulea

Marculesti

Timisoara

Cluj-Napoca

Banu Maracine

Iasi

Moara Domneasca

B. SOYBEAN CROP – IN THE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM

ARDS Turda

NARDI Fundulea



BREEDING

Soybean maturity group map in Europe



Recommended varieties

Maturity group Variety Maintainer

000 Perla ARDS

00

Cristina TD, Darina TD, Eugen, Felix, Malina TD, Onix ARDS

Oana F, Romanesc 99 NARDI

NS Trijumf NS SEME

SGSR Picor CER

0 Columna, Daciana NARDI

Neoplanta, Proteinka NS SEME

I

Crina F, Danubiana, Triumf NARDI

PS1012, PS1020 PC

Vigo ITC

Balkan, Galina, NS Mercury, NS Rubin NS SEME

Isidor EURALIS

SG Eider CER

II Venerra NS SEME

Variety maintainers:

ARDS - Agricultural Research and Development Station, Turda (Romania)

NARDI - National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fundulea (Romania)

NS SEME - Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia)

CER - SG CERESCO Inc. (Canada)

PC - SC Procera Agrochemicals SRL (Romania)

ITC - S.C. ITC - SRL (Romania)

EURALIS - Euralis Semences S.A. (France)



Agricultural Research and Development

Station of Turda (autumn 2013)



ARDS of Turda



ARDS of Turda



ARDS of Turda



National Agricultural Research and Development

Institute of Fundulea (summer 2013)



NARDI Fundulea – experiments in

Organic Agriculture System



3 Years Rotations (with three fields)

1. Grain Legumes

2. Winter Cereals

3. Weeding Crops

_________________________________________________

1. Soybean + Field Beans

2. Winter Wheat + Winter Barley

3. Grain Corn

___________________________________________________

1. Soybean + Peas

2. Winter Wheat + Winter Barley

3. Grain Corn

___________________________________________________

GROWING TECHNOLOGY

Recommendations of the Romanian researchers

Crop rotation



4 Years Rotations (with four fields)

A) 1. Grain Legumes

2. Winter Cereals

3. Weeding Crops

4. Weeding Crops

__________________________________________________

1. Soybean

2. Winter Wheat

3. Grain Corn

4. Grain Corn (or Grain Corn + Sunflower,

or Grain Corn + Sugar Beet)

_________________________________________________

B) 1. Grain Legumes + Industrial Crops

2. Straw Cereals

3. Weeding Crops

4. Weeding Crops

___________________________________________________

1. Soybean + Sunflower

2. Winter Wheat

3. Grain Corn

4. Grain Corn + Sugar Beet



5 Years Rotations (with five fields)

A) 1. Grain Legumes

2. Straw Cereals

3. Weeding Crops

4. Straw Cereals

5. Weeding Crops

__________________________________________________

B) 1. Soybean

2. Straw Cereals

3. Straw Cereals

4. Weeding Crops

5. Weeding Crops

___________________________________________________

C) 1. Soybean + Industrial Crops

2. Straw Cereals

3. Weeding Crops

4. Weeding Crops

5. Straw Cereals



Winter Wheat after Soybean

(minimum tillage) (autumn 2013)



Soiuri recomandate

Grupa de maturitate Soiul Mentinatorul

000 Perla SCDA-T

00

Cristina TD, Darina TD, Eugen, Felix,

Malina TD, Onix SCDA-T

Oana F, Romanesc 99 INCDA

NS Trijumf NS SEME

SGSR Picor CER

0 Columna, Daciana INCDA

Neoplanta, Proteinka NS SEME

I

Crina F, Danubiana, Triumf INCDA

PS1012, PS1020 PC

Vigo ITC

Balkan, Galina, NS Mercury, NS Rubin NS SEME

Isidor EURALIS

SG Eider CER

II Venerra NS SEME

Mentinatorul soiului:

SCDA-T – Statiunea de Cercetare-Dezvoltare Agricola Turda (Romania)

INCDA – Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare Agricola Fundulea (Romania)

NS SEME – Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad (Serbia)

CER - SG Ceresco Inc. (Canada)

PC - SC Procera Agrochemicals SRL (Romania)

ITC - S.C. ITC - SRL (România)

EURALIS - Euralis Semences S.A. (Franta)

Classical

- trifluralin+metribuzin (ppi)

- bentazon (postem)

At present

– S-dimethenamid, S-metolachlor (preem)

- imazamox, flumioxazin, bentazon etc. (postem)

GROWING TECHNOLOGY


Weeds Control



Solanum nigrum

Xaanthium

strumarium



Sorghum halepense



Soybean crop in Dobrudja

(October 2013)



Soybean sowing, as second crop after

Winter Barley (June 2013)

GROWING TECHNOLOGY


Soybean as second crop



Soybean as second crop (direct sowing)

Sowing time – June -> 5-10th of July

Direct sowing

Preem herbicides

Irrigation



Budapest, 13 September 2010

U.S.A.M.V.

Bucharest

University

Valahia

University

of Craiova

U.S.A.M.V.

Timisoara

University

of Oradea U.S.A.M.V.

Cluj-Napoca

U.S.A.M.V.

Iasi

University

of Galati

University

of Pitesti

University

’’Ovidius’’

Romanian High Education

and Training Institutions in

Agricultural Sciences

C. SOYBEAN PLANT AND SOYBEAN CROP – IN THE EDUCATION

AND TRAINING SYSTEM



University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary

Medicine of Bucharest

Faculty of Agriculture

First Cycle – Bachelor

(Engineer in Agronomy)

Third year of study:

Subject: Field Crops Production (Fitotehnia) – Cereals and Grain Legumes (including Soybean crop)

Subject: Organic Agriculture

(before: Botanics, Plant Physiology, Machinery, Agrotechnics, Plant Protection – including knowledge on Soybean)

(after: Conditioning and Storage of Agricultural Produces; Processing of Agricultural Produces; Marketing, including knowledge on Soybean)

Chios, 7 – 12 October 2011

Third Cycle – PhD (Doctoral) Thesis

(PhD (Doctor) in Agronomy)

Second – Master Course

(MSc) Subject: Organic Agriculture



At present,

the development of Soybean crops in Romania

have very favorable premises:

⇨ There is a big interest for soybean crop, the farmers being interested to organize correct crop rotations, including soybean in existent crop rotations, as a legume and a very favorable previous crop for winter wheat.

⇨ The development of the livestock units, asking for fodder proteins.

⇨ The last but not least, the interest of people for healthy food and the development of Organic Agriculture sector, are other arguments for a positive evolution of Soybean crop in Romania.

⇨ In order to achieve these objectives it is absolutely needed to organize training courses for farmers, to print training materials on soybean growing, to continue research activities by breeding new varieties, adapted to specific natural conditions, to the new growing technologies and to the requirements of the processing industries and consumers.

And…”DANUBE SOYA” - is a very favorable opportunity and a generous framework for Soybean crop development in Romania, as an essential contribution to the proteins supply of Europe”.



THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !

UNIVERSITY OF AGRONOMIC SCIENCES AND

VETERINARY MEDICINE OF BUCHAREST

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

59 Marasti Blvd, Sector 1, o11464, Romania

Tel.: +40 21 318 02 53

Fax: +40 21 310 04 66

www.agro-bucuresti.ro


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