611UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM.

examiners in the several subjects of the following examina- tions : the First Examination, the Second Examination, the <

Third Examination, and the Final Examination. 1M -First Examination.-The subjects of examination

are as follows :-(1) Chemistry ; (2) Physics ; (3) Biology. Candidates must have attended during at least one year -courses both of lectures and of laboratory work in each of ithe above-named subjects. The Examination is divided intotwo parts: Part 1, Physics and Chemistry ; Part 2, Biology ; :and the candidates may pass in these parts separatelyunder certain conditions.

The Second Examination.-The subjects of examinationare as follows :-(1) Anatomy ; (2) Physiology, includingPhysiological Chemistry and Histology. Candidates may passin (1) and (2) separately under certain conditions.

The Third Examincaion.-(1) Pathology; (2) Pharma-cology and Therapeutics ; (3) Hygiene. These subjects maybe taken separately under certain conditions.The Final Examination.-The subjects of examination are

as follows :-(1) Medicine, Systematic and Clinical (in-cluding Mental Diseases and Diseases of Children) ; (2) Sur-gery, Systematic, Clinical, and Practical; (3) Midwifery andGynaecology (including Practical Gynascology) ; (4) ForensicMedicine (including Toxicology). These subjects may betaken separately under certain conditions.Candidates for the Final Examination must have completed

the fifth year of medical study.Degree of Doctor of Medicine.-Candidates are not eligible

for the degree of Doctor of Medicine unless they havepreviously received the degrees of Bachelor of Medicineand Bachelor of Surgery and at least one year has elapsedsince they passed the examination for those degrees.Candidates may elect either (1) to present an original dis-sertation ; or (2) to undergo an examination. The disserta-tion must embody the results of personal observation or

original research, either in some department of medicine orof some science directly relative to medicine. The examina-tion will consist of an examination in the Principles andPractice of Medicine, in Pathology, and in some other subjectto be selected by the candidate. It will be partly written,partly practical.

-Degree of Master of Surgery.-Candidates are not eligiblefor the degree of Master of Surgery unless they have pre-viously received the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine andBachelor of Surgery and at least one year has elapsed sincethey passed the examination for those degrees. The subjectsof examination are as follows: (1) Surgical Anatomy;(2) Surgery; (3) Operative Surgery; (4) Clinical Surgery;(5) Ophthalmology ; and (6) Pathology and Bacteriology.

Professors&mdash;Physics : E. Rutherford, D.Sc., F.R.S.

Chemistry : H. B. Dixon, M.A., F.R.S. OrganicChemistry : W. H. Perkin, D.Sc., F.R.S. Zoology :S, J. Hickson, D.Sc., F.R.S. Botany: F. E. Weiss, D.Sc.Physiology: W. Stirling, D.Sc. Anatomy: A. H. Young,F.R.C.S. Materia Medica : R. B. Wild, M.D. ComparativePathology and Bacteriology : A. S. Delepine. M.Sc. Patho-

logy’ J. Lorrain Smith, M.D. Clinical Medicine: GrahamSteell, M.D. Systematic Medicine : George R. Murray,M.A, M.D. Systematic Surgery: G. A. Wright, M B.,F.R.C.S. Clinical Surgery : F. A. Southam, M.B., F R.C.S.Obstetrics and Gynaecology : Sir W. J. Sinclair, M.D.Forensic Medicine : J. Dixon Mann, M.D.Communications should be addressed to the Registrar,

The University, Manchester.

UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM.

The University of Birmingham grants the degrees of M.B.,Ch.B., M.D., Ch.M., and also a degree and a diploma inPublic Health. The course for the Bachelors’ degrees ex-tends over five years from the date of registration with theGeneral Medical Council. As a rule the first four of theseyears must be spent in the University, but the Senate haspower of recognising attendance at another University aspart of the attendance qualifying for these degrees and ofrecognising examinations passed at such other Universities asexempting from the examinations in Chemistry, Physics, andElementary Biology. In the case of such students atleast three years must be spent in attendance upon classesat the University. The fifth year may be spent at anyother school or schools of medicine recognised by theUniversity.

Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery.-The student must have passed either the Matriculation

Examination of the University or one of the followingexaminations. For the present the University will recogniseany one of the following examinations, in lieu of its ownMatriculation, in the case of medical students, providedalways that such examination shall have included the sub-jects of English, Latin, Mathematics, and any one of thefollowing: Greek, French, German, or any other modernforeign language, together with Chemistry or ExperimentalMechanics, or some other branch of Experimental Physics,and that all the subjects have been passed at one

examination : (a) the previous examination of the

University of Cambridge ; (b) responsions of the Universityof Oxford ; (e) the Preliminary or Matriculation Examina-tion of any recognised University; (d) the (Higher) Certi-ficate of the Oxford and Cambridge Examinations Board ;(e) the Oxford or Cambridge Senior Local Examina-tion. A Matriculation Examination will be held on

Sept. 14th, 1908, and succeeding days. First Examina-tion.-Chemistry and Physics and Elementary Biology.Second Examination.-Anatomy and Physiology. Third

Examination. -Pathology and Bacteriology, Materia Medicaand Practical Pharmacy. Fourth Examination (at theend of the fourth year).-Forensic Medicine, Toxicology,and Public Health. Two years’ hospital work must havebeen accomplished. Final Examination.-Medicine, Sur-

gery, Midwifery, Gynaecology, Therapeutics, Mental

Diseases, and Ophthalmology. Attendance at a generalhospital for a year after the passing of the fourth examina-tion will be required, also attendance at a fever hospital andlunatic asylum. Vaccination instruction must be taken outand courses of Ophthalmology, Medical and SurgicalAnatomy, and Operative Surgery.

Degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery.-At the end of one year from the date of having passedthe final M.B., Ch.B. examination the candidate will be

eligible to present himself for the higher degrees of eitherDoctor of Medicine or Master of Surgery or both.

Candidates for either of these degrees will be required tocomply with the following regulations. Every candidatefor the degree of M.D. shall present a thesis embodyingobservations in some subject embraced in one of the depart-ments of the medical curriculum enumerated below, and inaddition he will be required to pass a general examinationin Principles and Practice of Medicine. It will be in the

power of the Board of Examiners to exempt a candidatewhose thesis is of exceptional merit from any part of theseexaminations.A thesis may be presented in any of the following

departments of study : (a) Anatomy, including ComparativeAnatomy, (b) Physiology, (0) Human or ComparativePathology, (d) Bacteriology, (e) Pharmacology, (f) Thera-peutics, (g) Medicine, (h) Mental Diseases, (i) PreventiveMedicine or Public Health, (j) Toxicology, (k) LegalMedicine, (l) Midwifery.

Candidates for the degree of Ch.M. are required to complywith the following regulations :-At the end of one yearfrom the date of having passed the final M.B., Ch.B.Examination candidates will be eligible to present themselvesfor the higher degree of Master ot Surgery. Candidates forthis degree will be required to comply with the followingregulations: 1. Every candidate shall present a thesis,embodying observations in some subject embraced in oneof the departments of the medical curriculum enumeratedbelow; in addition the candidates will be required to pass ageneral examination in Principles and Practice of Surgeryand to perform operations on the cadaver. 2. It will be inthe power of the board of examiners to exempt a candidatewhose thesis is of exceptional merit from any part of theseexaminations. 3. The candidate may be examined in thatdepartment of the medical curriculum from which thesubject of his thesis is chosen and the examiners mayrequire to see the notes of original observations on whichthe thesis is based, (a) Surgery, (b) Pathology, (c) Bacterio-logy, (d) Gynaecology. (e) Ophthalmology.

Degree in Public Health.-For the regulations for this

degree and for the diploma in the same subject see p. 687.Fees.-Matriculation, &pound;2; First Examination, &pound;2; Second

Examination, E2 ; Third Examination, &pound;2; Fourth Examina-tion, 2 ; Final Examination, &pound;2; Admission Fee to degreesof M.B., Ch.B., &pound; 6 : M.D. or Ch.M., &pound;2; Admission Fee todegree of M.D. or Ch.M., 8.

Professors-Phvsies : J. H. Poynting, Sc.D., F.R.S.Chemistry : P. H. Frankland, Ph.D., F.R.S. ElementaryBiology: T. W. Bridge, Sc.D., F.R.S. Medicine : R.

612 UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL.-UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS.

Saundby, M.D., and A. H. Carter, M.D. Surgery : BennetMay, F.R.C.S., and G. Barling, F.R.C.S. Anatomy : A.Robinson, M.D. Physiology : E.. W. Wace Carlier,M.D. Therapeutics : A. Foxwell, M.D. Forensic Medi-cine : J. T. J. Morrison, F.R.C.S Hygiene and PublicHealth : A. Bostock Hill, M.D. Midwifery : E. Malins,M.D. Gynaecology : J. W. Taylor, F.R.C.S. Pathology:R. F C. Leith, F.R.C.P. Edin. Lunacy and Mental Disease :E. B. Whitcombe, M.B. Operative Surgery : Jordan Lloyd,F.R.C.S. Ophthalmology: Priestley Smith, F.R.C.S.

UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL.The student must pass either (1) the University Matricula-

tion Examination, or (2) the Final Examination for Gradua-tion in Arts of any university in Great Britain and Ireland, or(3) the Matriculation Examination of the University ofLondon, or (4) the Higher Certificate Examination of Oxfordand Cambridge Joint Board, or (5) the Senior Local Exa-mination of Oxford or Cambridge, with honours, or (6) someother examination of equal standard accepted by the JointMatriculation Board. The course of professional study, sub-sequent to passing the Matriculation Examination and havingbeen registered as a medical student, extends over five years.The degrees in the Faculty of Medicine are Bachelor ofMedicine and Bachelor of Surgery (M.B. and Ch.B.), Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), and Master of Surgery (Ch.M.).

-Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor ofSurgery.-Candidates for the degrees of Bachelor ofMedicine and of Surgery must have attained the ageof 21 years on the day of graduation. At least two of thefive years of medical study must have been passed in theUniversity, and one year at least must have been passed inthe University subsequently to the date of passing the FirstExamination. The other three years may be passed at anycollege or medical school recognised for this purpose by theUniversity. Candidates must pass three examinations entitledrespectively : the First Examination, the Second Examina-tion, and the Final Examination. The fee is :E5 for eachexamination. The subjects of the First Examination are:(1) Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic; (2) Biology (Zoologyand Botany) ; and (3) Physics. The examination is dividedinto two parts-namely, (1) chemistry and physics, and (2)biology; and candidates may pass in these parts separately.The subjects of the Second Examination are (a) Anatomyand Physiology (including Physiological Chemistry andHistology), and (b) Materia Medica and Pharmacy. Candi-dates may pass in a or b separately. The subjects for theFinal Examination are (1) Pharmacology and Therapeutics ;(2) General Pathology and Morbid Anatomy; (3) ForensicMedicine and Toxicology, and Public Health ; (4) Obstetricsand Diseases of Women; (5) Surgery, Systematic, Clinical,and Practical; and (6) Medicine, Systematic, and Clinical,including Mental Diseases and Diseases of Children. Candi-dates may either present themselves in all the six subjectsof examination on the same occasion, or may pass theexamination in two parts, the first part consisting of two orthree of subjects (1), (2), and (3); the second part of theremaining subjects. Candidates for the first part of theexamination must have completed the fourth winter ofmedical study in accordance with the regulations of the

University.Degrees of -Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery.-

No candidate will be admitted to the degrees of Doctor ofMedicine or Master of Surgery unless he has previouslyreceived the Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelorof Surgery, and at least one year has elapsed since he passedthe examinations for those degrees. Candidates for the

degree of Doctor of Medicine are required to present adissertation embodying the results of personal observationsor original research, either in some department of medicineor of some science directly relative to medicine: providedalways that original work published in scientific journalsor separately shall be admissible in lieu of, or in addition to,a dissertation specially written for the degree. No candi-date shall be admitted to the degree unless his applica-tion after report from the Faculty of Medicine shall havebeen accepted by the Senate. Candidates may be requiredto undergo examination in any subject connected with thedissertation. The subjects of examination for the degree ofMaster of Surgery are (1) Surgical Anatomy, (2) Surgery,(3) Operative Surgery, (4) Clinical Surgery, (5) Ophthalmo.logy, and (6) Pathology and Bacteriology.

Professors-Physiology: C. S. Sherrington, M.D , F.R.S.

Physics: L. R. Wilberforce, M.A. Chemistry : J. Camp-bell Brown, D.Sc. Natural History : W. A. Herdman, D.Sc.,F.R.S. Botany: R. J. H. Gibson, M.A. Anatomy : A.Melville Paterson, M.D. Medicine: T. Robinson Glynn,M D. Surgery : Rushton Parker,F.R.C.S. Pathology : SirRubert Boyce, M.B., F.R.S. Midwifery and Gyn&aelig;cology :oH. Briggs, M.D. Therapeutics: J. H. Abram, M.D.

Hygiene: E. W. Hope, D.Sc. Tropical Medicine : MajorRonald Ross, C.B., F.R.S. Bio-Chemistry : B. Moore, D.Sc.Comparative Pathology: H. E. Annett, M.D.

UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS.Candidates presenting themselves for Matriculation in the

Faculty of Medicine must pass an examination in English(Language or Literature) and English History, Mathematicsand Latin, and in two of eight optional subjects. Exemptionfrom the matriculation examination is granted to graduatesof any university of the United Kingdom provided Latin hasformed part of one of the degree examinations.

Four degrees in Medicine and Surgery are conferred-viz. :Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (M.B. andCh.B.), Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), Master of Surgery(Ch.M.), also Degrees and Diplomas in Dental Surgery and aDiploma in Public Health.

Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery.-Candidates for the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and ofSurgery are required to present certificates showing thatthey will have attained the age of 21 years on the day ofgraduation, and that they have attended courses of instruc-tion approved by the University extending over not less thanfive years, two of such years, at least, having been passed inthe University subsequently to the date of passing the FirstExamination. Candidates must also satisfy the examinersin the several subjects of the following examinationsentitled respectively : the Matriculation Examination, or

such other examination as may have been recognisedby the Joint Matriculation Board in its stead ; the FirstExamination; the Second Examination; and the FinalExamination.

The First Examination.-The First Examination consistsof : Part I., Physics and Chemistry; Part II., Biology.Candidates will be allowed to pass the two parts separately.

The Second Examination.-The Second Examination con-sists of : Part 1., Anatomy and Physiology ; Part II., MateriaMedica and Pharmacy. Candidates will be allowed to passthe two parts separately.

The Final Examination.-The Final Examination consistsof : Part I., Pathology and Bacteriology, Forensic Medicine,and Public Health. Part II., Medicine : Systematic andClinical, including Mental Diseases and Diseases ofChildren ; Surgery: Systematic, Clinical and Practical;Obstetrics and Gyn&aelig;cology, Systematic, Clinical, andPractical ; Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Candidates willbe allowed to pass the two parts separately and they maypresent themselves for examination in Part I. at the end ofthe tenth term.

Degreeof Doetor ofMedicine.- Candidates are not eligible forthe degree of Doctor of Medicine unless they have previouslyreceived the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor ofSurgery and at least one year has elapsed since they passedthe examination for those degrees. Candidates for the degreeof Doctor of Medicine are required to present a dissertationand, if the dissertation be accepted, to pass an examination.The dissertation, of which the subject must previously havereceived the approval of the Board of the Faculty ofMedicine, must embody the results of personal observationsor original research, either in some department of medicineor of some science directly related to medicine ; providedalways that original work published in scientific journals orin the Proceedings of learned societies, or separately, shallbe admissible in lieu of, or in addition to, a dissertationspecially written for the degree. Candidates will be requiredto write a short extempore essay on some topic connected withmedicine and to answer questions on the history of medicine.They will also be examined orally on the dissertation orother work submitted. Any candidate may be exemptedfrom a part or the whole of the examination if the Board ofthe Faculty so decide. No candidate will be admitted tothe degree unless his application, after report from theBoard of the Faculty of Medicine, shall have been acceptedby the Senate.

Degree of Master of Surgery.-Candidates are not eligiblefor the degree of Master of Surgery unless they have pre-

viously received the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and