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practice and tuition." Such students attend from10 A.M. to 4 P.M. Clinics are held daily. Studentshave every opportunity of examining and studyingcases under expert guidance, and of receiving tuitionthereon. They also attend the regular conferencesbetween the different departments and the radio-logical and pathological demonstrations, which areheld weekly.At the hospital a new surgical and maternity block

has been provided and a large out-patient department-this last a novel feature for one of the LondonCounty Council hospitals. It is intended to arrangethat patients from any of the London County Council’shospitals may be sent to Hammersmith for thepurpose of diagnosis and the specialised treatmentavailable there.The responsibility for the care of patients will

continue to rest with the Council, and while theproper duty of the school is teaching the two functionsare in practice inseparable, at least with regard to themore senior posts. The school will depend for itsmain income on a grant from the University GrantsCommittee administered through London University(which has two representatives on the GoverningBody), but will also receive a payment from theCouncil in respect of services rendered to the hospital,and, in addition, fees are charged to studentsattending courses.

UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM

There are two degrees in Medicine, M.B. and M.D. ;two in Surgery, M.S. and D.Ch. The University alsogives degrees or diplomas in Dental Surgery, Hygieneand Public Health, and Psychiatry. The student’scourse is not likely to be altered by any action of theStatutory Commissioners under the University ofDurham Act.

Medical students may prepare for the pre-registration examination in chemistry and physicsat Armstrong College. Students who have taken adegree in science and wish subsequently to proceed toa degree in medicine will receive the proper exemption.For the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor

of Surgery there are four professional examinations.The subjects of the First Examination are-Elemen-tary Biology and Chemistry in relation to medicine.The subjects of the Second Examination are-Anatomy and Physiology. The subjects of theThird Examination are-Pathology and Bacteriology,Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Pharmacy,Medical Jurisprudence, and Public Health. Thesubjects of the Fourth Examination are-Medicine,including Therapeutics, Clinical Medicine, Surgery,Clinical Surgery, Operative Surgery, Midwifery andGynaecology, Psychological Medicine, Diseases of theSkin, of the Throat, Nose, and Ear, and of Children,and Ophthalmology. The University requires that atleast three years be spent in residence in the Univer-sity. In certain cases candidates may obtainexemption from the First and Second examinations,but the later professional examinations must bepassed in the University.For the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master of

Surgery a candidate must not be less than 24 yearsof age. He must have obtained the bachelor degreesof the University, and been engaged for two yearssubsequently to the date of admission to these degreesin research work, or in attendance on the practice of arecognised hospital, or in the naval or military ser-vices, or in medical or surgical practice. The candidatefor the M.D. degree may present an essay or undergoa special examination in the subjects of MedicalAnatomy, Medical Pathology, and the Principles andPractice of Medicine. The subjects of examinationfor the M.S. are-Principles and Practice of Surgery,Surgical Pathology, Surgical Anatomy, SurgicalOperations, Clinical Surgery.

Doctor of Surgery.-Candidates must be registeredmedical practitioners, and not less than 25 years of

age, and must devote three years, subsequently toobtaining a’registrable qualification, to the study ofSurgery, one at least to be spent in the University.The course of study of the candidate must be sub-mitted to the Professor of Surgery and approved bythe Board of the Faculty. One year shall be devotedmainly to work in the departments of Anatomy,Physiology, Pathology, and Bacteriology, and thecandidate must submit evidence of having so worked.Not less than six months of another year must bespent as resident surgeon in a recognised teachinghospital, and the rest of the year in the study ofsurgery in a recognised medical centre. Not less thansix months of one of the three years must be spent insurgical study abroad.

Candidates must give six weeks’ notice of entry forall examinations to the Secretary of Examinations,University of Durham College of Medicine. TheM.D. (essay) must be sent in before April 1st.

Scholarships and Prizes.-The following are

awarded : University of Durham Entrance Scholar-ship, £25 a year for four years ; -, Pears’ EntranceScholarship, £40 a year for three years (awardedevery third year) ; Heath Entrance Scholarship (fromKepier Grammar School), £60 (renewable) ;’Provinceof Durham Masonic (Entrance) Scholarship, £60(renewable) ; Heath Scholarship for Surgery, £200,available every second year ; Rutherford MorisonSurgical Scholarship, £180, available every third year.Approved applicants may obtain special grants for sur-gical research from the Stephen Scott Research Fund,and for research in asthma, &c., from the WilliamDodds Research Fund.The following Scholarships are tenable for one year,

namely : Tulloch Scholarship for Elementary Biologyand Organic Chemistry, £20 ; Dickinson Scholarshipfor Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery, and Pathology,£20 ; Charlton Scholarship for Medicine, ;S25 ; GibbScholarship for Pathology, JE28 ; Luke ArmstrongScholarship for B.Hy. and D.P.H. (Part I.) Examinationin Bacteriology, 25 ; Stephen Scott Scholarships forAnatomy and Physiology, two of £50 each ; PhilipsonScholarships for highest marks in Final M.B., B.S.Examinations, two of £45 each ; Goyder MemorialScholarship for Clinical Medicine and Clinical Surgery,interest on £325 ; Hamilton Drummond MemorialScholarship, in aid of research in Clinical Surgery,about £50 ; Gibson Prize for Midwifery and Diseasesof Women and Children, £10 ; Turnbull Prize and SilverMedal for Surface Anatomy ; and Outterson WoodPrize for Psychological Medicine, £10 ; SewellMemorial Prize and Silver Medal for ClinicalPathology.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne: College of Medicine

Hospital practice and post-graduate work are carriedout at the Royal Victoria Infirmary, a general hospitalcontaining 700 beds, and there are facilities for thestudy ot tne various special subjects. Post-graduatework, as well as voluntary courses for undergraduates,can be pursued at the Newcastle General Hospital.

Practical midwifery can be studied at tne PrincessMary Maternity Hospital, which contains 90 beds,with an annual indoor and outdoor attendance on3000 cases.

Psychological medicine can be studied at the New-castle Mental Hospital, and infectious diseases at theCity Hospital, under the M.O.H. of the city.The bacteriological laboratory is adjacent to

Armstrong College.Post-graduate I nstruction.-l. General courses in

Clinical Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology at the RoyalVictoria Infirmary, meeting once weekly for tenweeks. One course is held from October to Decemberand one from April to June. 2. Special courses ofclinical instruction, meeting once weekly for tenweeks, in the following subjects : Gynaecology ; Diseases of the Eye ; Diseases of the Throat, Nose,and Ear ; Diseases of the Skin ; Venereal Diseases;

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Neurology ; Diseases of Children ; Electrothera-peutics and Radiology ; special courses in Midwiferyare held at the Princess Mary Maternity Hospital.3. An intensive course of 14 days’ duration in theSummer Vacation. 4. In addition to the regularpost-graduate courses practitioners may attendthe ordinary medical and surgical practice ofthe Royal Victoria Infirmary, also at the PrincessMary Maternity Hospital for specified periods,and for clinical instruction at Newcastle GeneralHospital.There is a well-furnished Students’ Union for the

students of the Newcastle Division of the University,and special accommodation has been provided forwomen students.The clinical work is done mainly at the

Royal Victoria InfirmaryThe Infirmary has over 700 beds. Clinical lectures

are delivered by the physicians and surgeons weeklyand ward demonstrations are given daily. Tutorialclasses are given by the assistant physicians, assistantsurgeons, the medical and surgical registrars, andthe assistant to the gynaecological department, anddemonstrations are given in the several out-patientdepartments daily. Pathological demonstrations aregiven by the pathologist daily or as opportunityoccurs. In addition to medical and surgical in-patientand out-patient departments the following specialdepartments are fully equipped for teaching :ophthalmic, throat, nose, and ear, skin, and venerealdisease, gynsecological, orthopaedic, and electrical.The hospital building contains the following labora-tories : 1. Special pathological laboratories attachedto the post-mortem rooms. 2.- Bacteriologicallaboratory in which all clinical bacteriologicalinvestigations are carried out. 3. There is in additiona clinical laboratory attached to each ward and to theout-patient department. There are five operatingtheatres in use in the hospital. The winter session of1935 opens on Oct. lst, and the summer session of1936 on April 21st.Applications for detailed information should be

made to the Sub-Dean, Dr. Horsley Drummond, atthe hospital.Appointments of assistants in the pathological

and other special departments and of clinical clerksand dressers are made periodically. Resident appoint-ments are also made every six months ; and eachyear medical and surgical registrars (who also act astutors) are appointed from candidates who havepreviously held resident appointments at any recog-nised hospital. These latter posts afford an excellentopportunity for post-graduate study, not only at theInfirmary, but also in the departments of anatomy,physiology, pathology, and bacteriology of thecollege.

UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM

The University of Birmingham grants the degreesof M.B., Ch.B., M.D., Ch.M. There is also thedegree of Ph.D. (for Research Study), a degree of M.D.,(State Medicine), and a diploma in Public Health.The Senate may recognise courses of study andexaminations at other Universities in Physics, Chem-istry, Biology, and Organic Chemistry ; but atleast three years must be spent in attendance uponclasses in the University. The final year may bespent at any other medical school recognised by theUniversity.

Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor ofSurgery.-The student must have passed the Matricu-lation Examination of the Joint Board or an exami-nation accepted in lieu thereof. Before commencingthe study of Anatomy and Physiology, examinationsin Chemistry and Physics and Biology must be passed(First M.B., Ch.B.), or examinations in lieu thereof.All communications respecting the MatriculationExamination, and examinations accepted in lieu

thereof, must be sent to the Secretary, Joint Matricu-lation Board, 315, Oxford-road, Manchester. SecondExamination.-Part I., Organic Chemistry; PartII., Anatomy and Physiology. Third Examination.-General Pathology and Bacteriology. FourthExamination (at the end of the fifth year).-Forensic Medicine and Toxicology ; Public Health;and Materia Medica, Pharmacology, and Thera-peutics. Two years’ hospital work must havebeen accomplished. Final Examination.-Medicine,Surgery, Midwifery and Diseases of Women, MentalDiseases, and Ophthalmology. Attendance at ageneral hospital for a year after the passing of thefourth examination will be required, also attendanceat a fever hospital three months, maternity hospitalthree months, and mental hospital three months.Vaccination instruction must be taken and coursesof Ophthalmology, Venereal and Skin Diseases,and Diseases of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Medicaland Surgical Anatomy, and Operative Surgery.Distinctions may be awarded in the subjects(severally) of the Second, Third, Fourth, and Final;and First- and Second-Class Honours in the FinalExamination.

Degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery.One year after having passed the final M.B.,Ch.B. examination the candidate can present himselffor these higher degrees. They present a thesis onsome medical or surgical subject,, and pass a generalexamination in Principles and Practice of Medicinefor the M.D. and one in Principles and Practice ofSurgery, including operations on the cadaver, for theCh.M., or, at the discretion of the examiners, in aspecial branch of Medicine or Surgery respectively.A thesis of exceptional merit may exempt from anypart of these examinations, in which Honours may beawarded.

Degree of Ph.D.-Candidates must possess a medicaldegree of a British, Colonial, or other universityapproved of by the Senate of the University, and havebeen engaged as a rule in advanced study for twoyears, either in a laboratory of the University or inone or more of the hospitals associated with theUniversity. But under approved conditions after thefirst year research may be carried on elsewhere,when, on completing the course, candidates presenta thesis and submit themselves for oral and possiblywritten examination.

Scholarships and Prizes.-The following are

awarded :-Entrance Scholarships : (a) Frank Fletcherand Catherine Fletcher Scholarships of j6100 perannum each, for five years. Two or more offeredannually ; open to men and women students undercertain prescribed conditions as to residence, &c. ;(b) Sydenham Scholarship of 242, tenable for threeyears, award of Council to orphan sons of medicalpractitioners ; (c) Sands Cox Scholarship of 221 perannum during two years, awarded to the candidate,not being more than 19 years of age, taking thehighest marks at the Higher School Certificate Exami-nation of the Joint Matriculation Board ; (d) DentalScholarship of jB46 17s. 6d., Open Competitive Examina-tion in subjects learned during apprenticeship ;(e) Myers Travelling Studentship of 2300, tenable forone year, offered in alternate years, awarded by voteof committee to M.B., Ch.B. candidates, tenable atsome University or Hospital not in Great Britain orIreland ; (f) two Ingleby Scholarships of 210 each,awarded to the candidates at Final Examinationobtaining highest marks in the subjects of Midwiferyand Diseases of Women ; (g), (h), (i), and (j) fourQueen’s Scholarships of £ 10 10s. each, awarded to thecandidate taking the first place in the Second, Third,Fourth, and Final Examinations respectively, providedthat the candidate’s work is sufficiently distinguished ;(k) Priestley Smith Prize in Ophthalmology, valueabout 26 10s., is awarded annually to the studentpassing the Final M.B., Ch.B. Examination on firstentry who shows the best knowledge of Ophthalmology,provided the Examiners deem him worthy of thisdistinction ; (1) George Henry Marshall Scholarship