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years, with the style of University Scholar in Surgery.Under the same circumstances, the first and second can-didates will each receive a gold medal of the value of jE5.

lVTaster in Surgery -The examination for the degree ofMaster in Surgery takes place once in each year, and com-mences on the first Monday in December.Candidates must produce certificates to the following

effect :-1. Of having taken the degree of Bachelor of Sur-gery in this University.9 2. Of having attended, subse-quently to having taken the degree of Bachelor of Surgaryin this University: (a) To Clinical or Practical Surgeryduring two years in a hospital or medical institution reco-gnised by this University. (b) Or to Clinical or PracticalSurgery during one year in a hospital or medical institutionrecognised by this University, and of having been engagedduring three years in the practice of his profession. (c) Orof having been engaged during five years in the practice ofhis profession, either before or after taking the degree ofBachelor of Surgery in this University. One year of atten-dance on Clinical or Practical Surgery, or two years of prac-tice, will be dispensed with in the case of those candidateswho at the B.S. Examination have been placed in the firstdivision. 3. Of moral character, signed by two persons of re-spectability. Fee for this degree, ae5. The examination is t’o’ co’ n-ducted by means of printed papers and vivâ voce interrogation.Candidates will be examined in Logic and Psychology and

in Surgery, and will not be approved unless they have showna competent knowledge in both the subjects of examination.

If sufficient merit be evinced the candidate who shall dis-tinguish himself the most in Surgery at this examinationwill receive a gold medal of the value of 20.Doctor of Medicine. -The examination for this degree

takes place once in each year, and commences on the firstMonday in December.Candidates must produce certificates to the following

effect :-1. Of having passed the Examination for thedegree of Bachelor of Medicine in this University. 2. Ofhaving attended, subsequently to having taken the de-gree of Bachelor of Medicine in this University, (a) to z,Clinical or Practical Medicine during two years in a hospitalor medical institution recognised by this University; or

(b) to Clinical or Practical Medicine during one year in ahospital or medical institution recognised by this University,and of having been engaged during three years in the prac-tice of his profession. (c) Or of having been engaged duringfive years in the practice of his profession, either before orafter taking the degree of Bachelor of Medicine in this Uni-versity. One year of attendance on Clinical or PracticalMedicine or two years of practice will be dispensed with inthe case of those candidates who at the M.B. Examinationhave been placed in the first division. 3. Of moral cha-racter, signed by two persons of respectability. Fee forthis degree, f5. The examination is conducted by meansof printed papers and vivd voce interrogation.Candidates will be examined in Logic and Psychology and

in Medicine, and will not be approved unless they have hhowna competent knowledge in both the subjects of examination.If sufficient merit be evinced, the candidate who shall dis-tinguish himself the most in Medicine at the examinationfor the M.D. degree will receive a gold medal of the valueof f20.Public Health.-A Special Examination will be held once

in every year in subjects relating to Public Health, to com-mence on the second Monday in December. Candidatesmust have passed the second examination for the M.B.degree in this University at least one year previously; andmust give notice of their intention to the registrar, at leasttwo calendar months before the commencement of the ex-amination. The fee for this examination is E5. Candidateswill be examined in Chemistry, and Microscopy, Meteorology,Geology, Physics and Sanitary Apparatus, Vital Statistics,Hygiene, and Sanitary Law. The examination will be bothwritten and practical, and will extend over four days.Candidates will not be approved unless they have shown acompetent knowledge in all the principal subjects of theexamination. If sufficient merit be evinced the candidatewho shall distinguish himself the most will receive a goldmedal of the value of 5.

9 Candidates who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Medicinepreviously to 1866 will be admitted to the examination for the degree ofMaster in Surgery without having taken the degree of Bachelor of ’,Surgery; and in the case of such candidates the attendance on surgicalpractice required by Regulation 2 may commence from the late of theM.B. degree.

UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM.

A certificate, two licences, and three degrees are con-

ferred-viz.,, a certificate of proficiency in Sanitary Sciencea licence in Medicine and a licence in Surgery ; and the de-grees of Bachelor in Medicine, Master in Surgery, andDoctor in Medicine.For the degree of Bachelor in Medicine there are two pr()c

fessional examinations, the first being held twice yearly-viz., in October (in 1883 commencing on the 8th) and Aprit(in 1884 commencing on the 21st); the second is also held!twice yearly-viz., in December (in 1883 commencing on the3rd) and in June (in 1884 commencing on the 23rd).The subjects for the first examination are-Anatomy,

Physiology, Chemistry, and Botany. Candidates must produce the following certificates : (1) Of registration as amedical student. (2) Of having passed one of the followingexaminations in Arts: (a) the examination for graduationin Arts at one of the following universities-Oxford, Cam-bridge, Durham, Dublin, London, Queen’s (Ireland), Edin-burgh, Glasgow, St. Andrews, Aberdeen, Calcutta, Madras,Bombay, McGill College (Montreal), and Queen’s College(Kingston) ; or (b) the Preliminary or Extra-professionalExamination for graduation in medicine at one of the follow-ing universities-London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, St. Andrews,Aberdeen, and Queen’s (Ireland); or (c) the PreliminaryExamination in Arts qualifying for the membership of theRoyal College of Physicians of London or for the fellowshipof the Royal College of Surgeons of England; or (d) thePreliminary Examination in Arts for the degrees in medieineof the University of Durham (in 1884 commencing onMarch 25ch and September 23rd). (3) Of attendance on twocourses ot Anatomy, on one of Physiology, on one of

Theoretical and one of Practical Chemistry, and on oneof Botany; of twelve months’ dissection; and of atten-dance on a course of Practical Physiology of not less thamthirty lessons.The subjects for the Second Examination are Medicine,

Surgery, Pathology, Materia Medica and Therapeutics,Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, MedicalJurisprudence and Public Health. For it candidatesmust produce the following certificates-viz. (1), of being notless than twenty-one years of age; (2) of good moral cha-racter; and (3) of attendance on the remainder of the courseof medical and surgical study as prescribed by the RoyalCollege of Surgeons of England, together with the followingadditional subjects-viz., one course of lectures on Medicine,one on Therapeutics, one on Public Health, and one onBotany, and on Medical Hospital Practice, with ClinicalLectures, during one winter and one summer session.

N. B.--It is required that one of the four years of pro-fessional education shall be spent in attendance at theCollege of Mediciue, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. During theyear so spent the candidates must attend at least two coursesof lectures in the winter session and two in the summer

session, together with the class and test examinations heldin connexion with those classes, and must also attend.hospital practice and clinical lectures at the infirmaryduring the same period. Candidates may fulfil this portionof the curriculum at any period before they present them-selves for the Final Examination for the degree. Theother three years of the curriculum may be spent eitherat Newcastle-upon-Tyne or at one or more of the schoolsrecognised by the licensing bodies named in Schedule A ofthe Medical Act, 1858.For the degree of Master in Surgery the candidate must,

have passed the Examination for the degree of Bachelor inMedicine and must have attended one course of lectures amOperative Surgery. Each candidate will have an addi-tional paper on Surgery, and will have to performoperations on the dead body, and to explain the use ofinstruments.For the degree of Doctor of Medici-rze candidates must be

not less than twenty-four years of age, must have obtainedthe degree of M.B. at least two years previously, and in theinterim have been engaged in medical and mrgical practice.Each candidate will be required to write an essay on somemedical subject selected by himself and approved by theProfessor of Medicine, and to pass an examination thereon,and must be prepared to answer questions on the othersubjects of his curriculum in so far as they are related tathe subject of his essay.

Candidates for any of the above degrees must give atleast twenty. eight days’ notice to the Registrar of the College.

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The degree of Doctor of Medecine for Medical Prac-titioners of fifteen years’standing, without residence.—Thereis a, special Examination, under the following regulations :-1. Tnat the candidate shall be registered by the GeneralCouncil of Medical Education and Registration of theUnited Kingdom. 2. That the candidate shall have beenin the active practice of his profession for fifteen years asa qualified practitioner. 3. That the candidate shall notbe under forty years of age. 4. That the candidate shallproduce a certificate of moral character from three registeredmembers of the medical profession. 5. That if the candidateshall not have passed, previous to his Professional Examina-tion (in virtue of which he has been placed on the Register),an examination in Arts, he shall be required to pass anexamination in Classics and Mathematics. 6. That if thecandidate shall have passed, previous to his ProfessionalExamination (in virtue of which he has been placed on theRegister), a preliminary examination, he shall be requiredto translate into English passages of certain named Latinauthors. 7. That the candidate shall pass an examinationin the following subjects: a, Principles and Practice ofMedicine, including Psychological Medicine, and Hygiene;b, Principles and Practice of Surgery; c, Midwifery andDiseases peculiar to Women and Children; d, Pathology,Medical and Surgical; e, Anatomy, Medical and Surgical;f Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology; g, Therapeutics.8. That the fee shall b3 50 guineas. 9. That if the can-

didate shall fail to satisfy the examiners, the Sum of20 guineas shall be retained; but that if he shall again offerhimself for the examination, the sum of 40 guineas onlyshall then be required.

Examinations in accordance with the above regulationswill commence on Dec. 3rd, 1883, and June 23rd, 1884, inthe College of Medicine, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Gentlemenintending to offer themselves as candidates are requested toforward their names to Dr. Luke Armstrong, registrar ofthe University of Durham College of Medicine, Newcastle-on-Tyne, at least twenty-eight days before the examinationfor which they wish to enter, together with the fee and thebefore-mentioned certificates.

Certificate of Proficiency in Sanitary Science.-Candidatesfor this certificate must be registered medical practitionersand have attended one course of lectures on Public Health,at the College of Medicine, Newcastle-on-Tyne, extendingover one winter session. The examination will be by writtenpapers, practical, and vivâ voce, and will commence onOctober 8th, 1883, and on April 21st, 1884. In the practicalexamination the candidate will be required :-To reportupon the condition of some actual locality, to analyse liquidsand gases, to explain the construction and use of instru-ments employed in meteorology, and to make microscopicexaminations, The fee is £5 5s.Medical Officers of Health of five years’ standing, who

were registered as qualified members of the profession beforeJanuary 1st, 1878, may obtain the certificate of proficiencyin Sanitary Science under the following conditions :-Theymust be registered medical practitioners, and be not underthirty years of age ; they will be required to pass the sameexamination as before-mentioned, write an essay upon somepractical sanitary subject, and will be examined upon theessay and upon other sanitary questions. The fee is £ 10 10s.

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY.The Regulations for degrees in Medicine and Surgery

conferred by this University have not yet been published.They will, however, be made public after they have been ap-proved by the University Court, which meets in October.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.

The session 1883-84 will be opened on October 23rd.Three medical degrees are conferred by the University of

Edinburgh-namely, Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.), Masterin Surgery (C.M.), and Doctor of Medicine (M.D.). Thedegree of Master in Surgery is not conferred on any personwho does not also at the same time obtain the degree ofBachelor of Medicine. All candidates for these degreesmust give evidence of having obtained a satisfactory generaleducation.

1. The preliminary branches of extra-professional educa-tion are English. Lati, Arithmetic, the Elements of Mathe-matics, and the Elements of Mechanics; and the proficiency

of students in these branches is ascertained by examinationprior to the commencement of their medical study.

2. No candidate is admitted to a professional examinationwho has not passed a satisfactory examination on at leasttwo of the following subjects (in addition to the subjectsmentioned above) :-Greek, French, German, Higher Mathe-matics, Natural Philosophy, Logic, Moral Philsophy; andthe examination on these latter subjects also takes placebefore the candidate has entered on his medical curriculum.

3. A degree in Arts (not being an honorary degree) in anyone of the universities of England, Scotland, or Ireland, orin any foreign or colonial university specially recognised forthis purpose by the University Court, exempts from allpreliminary examination; and an examination in Arts byany corporate body, whose examination has been recognisedas qualifying for entrance on medical study by resolution ofthe General Medical Council of the United Kingdom, pro-vided the said examination by the said corporate body shallalso be approved by the University Court, shall exempt protanto from preliminary examination in Arts, on the subjectscomprised in the examination of the said corporate body.4. No one is admitted to the degrees of Bachelor of Medi-cine and Master in Surgery who has not been engaged inmedical and surgical study for four years-the medicalsession of each year, or annus 9?tedicus, being constituted byat least two courses of not less than one hundred lectureseach, or by one such course and two courses of not less thanfifty lectures each; with the exception of the clinical courses,in which lectures are to be given at least twice a weekduring the prescribed periods.lo

5. Every candidate for the degrees of M.B. and C,M.must give sufficient evidence by certificates-(a) That hehas studied each of the following departments of medicalscience-namely, Anatomy, Chemistry, Materia Medica,Institutes of Medicine or Physiology, Practice of Medicine,Surgery, Midwifery and the Diseases peculiar to Womenand Children, and General Pathology, each during coursesincluding not less than one hundred lectures ; PracticalAnatomy, a course of the same duration as those of not lessthan one hundred lectures 11 Practical Chemistry, threemonths; Practical Midwifery, three months at a midwiferyhospital, or a certificate of attendance on six cases from aregistered medical practitioner; Clinical Medicine, ClinicalSurgery,12 courses of the same duration as those of not lessthan one hundred lectures, or two courses of three months’lectures, being given at least twice a week; Medical Juris-prudence, Botany, Natural History (including Zoology),luring courses including not less than fifty lectures.;b) That he has attended, for at least two years, the medicaland surgical practice of a general hospital which accommo-dates not fewer than eighty patients, and possesses a distinctstaff of physicians and surgeons. (c) That he has attended,during a course of not less than fifty hours’ instruction, theclass of Practical Materia Medica in the University ofEdinburgh, or a similar class conducted in a university orrecognised school of medicine, or a similar class conductedby a teacher recognised by the University Court; or thathe has been engaged, for at least three months, by apprentice-ship or otherwise, in compounding and dispensing drugs atthe laboratory of a hospital or dispensary, by a member of asurgical college or faculty, a licentiate of the London or DublinSociety of Apothecaries, or a member of the PharmaceuticalSociety of Great Britain. (d) That he has attended, for at leastsix months, by apprenticeship or otherwise, the out-practiceof a hospital, or the practice of a dispensary physician,a surgeon, or a member of the London or Dublin Society ofApothecaries.

6. Students of Medicine in the London schools, and inthe school of the College of Surgeons in Dublin, can obtainthere two anni medici out of the four required for the Edin-burgh degrees in Medicine. One annus medicus may beconstituted by attendance on Practical Anatomy and Hos-

10 No course of Lectures will be allowed to qualify unless the lecturercertifies that it has embraced at least one hundred lectures, or fiftylectures in conformity with the requirements of this section. Threemonths’ courses on Materia Medica, Pathology, and Midwifery do notqualify.

11 Certificates of attendance on Practical Anatomy must express notonly the number of months engaged in dissection, but the names of theparts dissected, and the degree of care with which the dissections havebeen made. Students are recommended not to appear for an examina-tion in Anatomy with a view to a degree until they have dissected thehuman body at least once.

12 The Medical Faculty recommend that medical students should notattend Clinical Surgery during their first six months’ attendance onClinical Medicine.