491

logical and pathological demonstrations, which areheld weekly.At the hospital a new surgical and maternity block

has been provided and a large out-patient department.The responsibility for the care of patients rests withthe L.C.C., and while the proper duty of the schoolis teaching, the two functions are in practiceinseparable. The staff of the school therefore providesthe hospital staff so far as the professional care ofpatients is concerned. The school depends for itsmain income on grants from the Treasury.Further information can be obtained from the

dean of the school.

UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM: KING’S COLLEGE

There are two degrees in Medicine, M.B., B.S.,and M.D. ; two in Surgery, M.S. and D.Ch. TheUniversity also gives degrees or diplomas in.DentalSurgery, Hygiene and Public Health, and Psychiatry.

Medical students may prepare for the pre-registration examination in chemistry and physicsat Armstrong College. Students who have taken adegree in science and wish subsequently to proceedto a degree in medicine will receive the properexemption.For the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor

of Surgery there are four professional examinations.The subjects of the First Examination are-Elemen-tary Biology and Chemistry in relation to medicine.The subjects of the Second Examination are-Anatomy and Physiology. The subjects of theThird Examination are-Pathology and Bacteriology,Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Pharmacy,Medical Jurisprudence, and Public Health. Thesubjects of the Fourth Examination are-Medicine,including Therapeutics, Clinical Medicine, Surgery,Clinical Surgery, Operative Surgery, Midwifery andGynaecology, Psychological Medicine, Diseases of theSkin, of the Throat, Nose, and Ear, and of Children,and Ophthalmology. The University requires that atleast three years be spent in residence in the Univer-sity. In certain cases candidates may obtainexemption from the First and Second examinations,but the later professional examinations must bepassed in the University.For the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master of

Surgery a candidate must not be less than 24 yearsof age. He must have obtained the bachelor degreesof the University, and been engaged for two yearssubsequently to the date of admission to these degreesin research work, or in attendance on the practice of arecognised hospital, or in the naval or military ser-vices, or in medical or surgical practice. The candidatefor the M.D. degree may present an essay or undergoa special examination in the subjects of MedicalAnatomy, Medical Pathology, and the Principles andPractice of Medicine. The subjects of examinationfor the M.S. are-Principles and Practice of Surgery,Surgical Pathology, Surgical Anatomy, SurgicalOperations, Clinical Surgery.Doctor of Surgery.—Candidates must be registered

medical practitioners, and not less than 25 years ofage, and must devote three years, subsequently toobtaining a registrable qualification, to the study ofSurgery, one at least to be spent in the University.The course of study of the candidate must be sub-mitted to the Professor of Surgery and approved bythe Board of the Faculty. One year shall be devotedmainly to work in the departments of Anatomy,Physiology, Pathology, and Bacteriology, and thecandidate must submit evidence of having so worked.Not less than six months of another year must bespent as resident surgeon in a recognised teachinghospital, and the rest of the year in the study ofsurgery in a recognised medical centre. Not less thansix months of one of the three years must be spent insurgical study abroad.

Candidates must give six weeks’ notice of entry forall examinations to the Secretary of Examinations,the medical school, King’s College, Northumberland-

road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The M.D. (essay) mustbe sent in before April lst.

Scholarships and Prizes.-The following are

awarded : University of Durham Entrance Scholar-ship, :S25 a year for four years ; Pears’ EntranceScholarship, 240 a year for three years (awardedevery third year) ; Heath Entrance Scholarship (fromKepier Grammar School), 260 (renewable) ; Provinceof Durham Masonic (Entrance) Scholarship, £60(renewable) ; Heath Scholarship for Surgery, JB200,available every second year; Rutherford MorisonSurgical Scholarship, 180, available every third year.Approved applicants may obtain special grants forsurgical research from the Stephen Scott ResearchFund and Health Surgical Research Fund; for researchin asthma, &c., from the William Dodds ResearchFund; and for research in dental science from theParker Brewis Dental Research Scholarship Fund.The following Scholarships are tenable for one year,

namely : Tulloch Scholarship for Elementary Biologyand Organic Chemistry, £20 ; Dickinson Scholarshipfor Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery, and Pathology,.620 ; Charlton Scholarship for Medicine, :B25 ; GibbScholarship for Pathology, B28 ; Luke ArmstrongScholarship forB.Hy. and D.P.H. (Part T.) Examinationin Bacteriology, :B25 ; Stephen Scott Scholarships forAnatomy and Physiology, two of B50 each ; PhilipsonScholarships for highest marks in Final M.B., B.S.Examinations, two of £45 each ; Goyder MemorialScholarship for Clinical Medicine and Clinical Surgery,interest on £325 ; Hamilton Drummond Scholarship,in aid of research in Clinical Surgery, about jE50 ;Gibson Prize for Midwifery and Diseases of Womenand Children, :S10 ; Turnbull Prize and Silver Medalfor Surface Anatomy ; Outterson Wood Prizefor Psychological Medicine, £10 ; Sewell MemorialPrize and Silver Medal for Clinical Pathology ; SirThomas Oliver Prize and Silver Medal for thePhysiology of Food and Nutrition ; and Ranken LylePrize and Silver Medal for Clinical Midwifery.Newcastle-upon-Tyne Medical School, King’s

College* *

Hospital practice and post-graduate work are carriedout at the Royal Victoria Infirmary, a general hospitalcontaining 700 beds, and there are facilities for thestudy of the various special subjects. Post-graduatework, as well as voluntarv courses for undergraduates,can be pursued at the Newcastle General Hospital.

Practical midwifery can be studied at the PrincessMary Maternity Hospital, which contains 90 beds,with an annual indoor and outdoor attendance on3000 cases.

Psychological medicine can be studied at the New-castle Mental Hospital, and infectious diseases at theCity Hospital, under the M.O.H. of the city.The bacteriological laboratory is housed at present

in other buildings of King’s College.Post-graduate Instruction: 1. General courses in

Clinical Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology at the RoyalVictoria Infirmary, meeting once weekly for tenweeks. One course is held from October to Decemberand one from April to June. 2. Special courses ofclinical instruction, meeting once weekly for tenweeks, in the following subjects : Gynaecology ;Diseases of the Eye ; Diseases of the Throat, Nose,and Ear ; Diseases of the Skin ; Venereal Diseases;Neurology ; Diseases of Children ; Electrothera-peutics and Radiology ; special courses in Midwiferyare held at the Princess Mary Maternity Hospital.3. An intensive course of 14 days’ duration in theSummer Vacation. 4. In addition to the regularpost-graduate courses practitioners may attendthe ordinary medical and surgical practice ofthe Royal Victoria Infirmary, also at the PrincessMary Maternity Hospital for specified periods,and for clinical instruction at Newcastle GeneralHospital.

There is a well-furnished Students’ Union for thestudents of the Newcastle Division of the University,

* Formerly the University of Durham College of Medicine.

492

and special accommodation has been provided forwomen students.The clinical work is done mainly at the

Royal Victoria InfirmaryThe infirmary has over 700 beds. Clinical lectures

are delivered by the physicians and surgeons weeklyand ward demonstrations are given daily. Tutorialclasses are given by the assistant physicians, assistantsurgeons, the medical and surgical registrars, andthe assistant to the gynaecological department, anddemonstrations are given in the several out-patientdepartments daily. Pathological demonstrations aregiven by the pathologist daily or as opportunityoccurs. In addition to medical and surgical in-patientand out-patient departments the following specialdepartments are fully equipped for teaching :ophthalmic, throat, nose, and ear, skin, and venerealdisease, gynaecological, orthopaedic, and electrical.The hospital building contains the following labora-tories : 1. Special pathological laboratories attachedto the post-mortem rooms. 2. Bacteriologicallaboratory in which all clinical bacteriologicalinvestigations are carried out. 3. There is in additiona clinical laboratory attached to each ward and to theout-patient department. There are five operatingtheatres in use in the hospital. The winter session of1937 opens on Oct. 5th, and the summer session of1938 on April 21st.

Applications for detailed information should bemade to the dean of the medical school.Appointments of assistants in the pathological

and other special departments and of clinical clerksand dressers are made periodically. Resident appoint-ments are also made every six months ; and eachyear medical and surgical registrars (who also act astutors) are appointed from candidates who havepreviously held resident appointments at any recog-nised hospital. These latter posts afford an excellentopportunity for post-graduate study, not only at theInfirmary, but also in the departments of anatomy,physiology, pathology, and bacteriology of thecollege.

UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM

This is a notable year for the Birmingham medicalschool, which is to move from the centre of the cityto Edgbaston, adjoining the new hospital, nextautumn at latest.The University of Birmingham grants the degrees

of M.B., Ch.B., M.D., Ch.M. There is also thedegree of Ph.D. (for Research Study), a degree of M.D.,(State Medicine), and a diploma in Public Health.The Senate may recognise courses of study andexaminations at other Universities in Physics. Chem-istry, Biology, and Organic Chemistry ; but atleast three years must be spent in attendance uponclasses in the University. The final year may bespent at any other medical school recognised by theUniversity.

Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor ofSurgery.—The student must have passed the Matricu-lation Examination of the Joint Board or an exami-nation accepted in lieu thereof. Before commencingthe study of Anatomy and Physiology, examinationsin Chemistry and Physics and Biology must be passed(First M.B., Ch.B.), or examinations in lieu thereof.All communications respecting the MatriculationExamination, and examinations accepted in lieuthereof, must be sent to the Secretary, Joint Matricu-lation Board, 315, Oxford-road, Manchester. SecondExamination.-Part I., Organic Chemistry ; PartII., Anatomy and Physiology. Third Examination.-General Pathology and Bacteriology. FourthExamination (at the end of the fifth year).-Forensic Medicine and Toxicology ; Public Health;and Materia Medica, Pharmacology, and Thera-peutics. Two years’ hospital work must havebeen accomplished. Final Examination.-Medicine,Surgery, Midwifery and Diseases of Women, MentalDiseases, and Ophthalmology. Attendance at a

general hospital for a year after the passing of thefourth examination will be required, also attendanceat a fever hospital three months, maternity hospitalthree months, and mental hospital three months.Vaccination instruction must be taken and coursesof Ophthalmology, Venereal and Skin Diseases,and Diseases of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Medicaland Surgical Anatomy, and Operative Surgery.Distinctions may be awarded in the subjects(severally) of the Second, Third, Fourth, and Final;and First- and Second-Class Honours in the FinalExamination.

Degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery.One year after having passed the final M.B.,Ch.B. examination the candidate can present himselffor these higher degrees. They present a thesis onsome medical or surgical subject, and pass a generalexamination in Principles and Practice of Medicinefor the M.D. and one in Principles and Practice ofSurgery, including operations on the cadaver, for theCh.M., or, at the discretion of the examiners, in aspecial branch of Medicine or Surgery respectively.A thesis of exceptional merit may exempt from anypart of these examinations, in which Honours may beawarded.

Degree of Ph.D.—Candidates must possess a medicaldegree of a British, Colonial or other universityapproved of by the Senate of the University, and havebeen engaged as a rule in advanced study for twoyears, either in a laboratory of the University or inone or more of the hospitals associated with theUniversity. But under approved conditions after thefirst year research may be carried on elsewhere,when, on completing the course, candidates presenta thesis and submit themselves for oral and possiblywritten examination.

Scholarships and Prizes.-The following are

awarded :-Entrance Scholarships : (a) Frank Fletcherand Catherine Fletcher Scholarships of 2100 perannum each, for five years. Two or more offeredannually ; open to men and women students undercertain prescribed conditions as to residence, &c.;(b) Sydenham Scholarship of :B42, tenable for threeyears, award of Council to orphan sons of medicalpractitioners ; (c) Sands Cox Scholarship of -E21 perannum during two years, awarded to the candidate,not being more than 19 years of age, taking thehighest marks at the Higher School Certificate Exami-nation of the Joint Matriculation Board ; (d) DentalScholarshipof.846 17s. 6d., Open Competitive Examina-tion in subjects learned during apprenticeship;(e) Myers Travelling Studentship of £300, tenable forone year, offered in alternate years, awarded by voteof committee to M.B., Ch.B. candidates, tenable atsome University or Hospital not in Great Britain orIreland ; (f) two Ingleby Scholarships of £10 each,awarded to the candidates at Final Examinationobtaining highest marks in the subjects of Midwiferyand Diseases of Women ; (g), (h), (i), and (j) fourQueen’s Scholarships of ;S10 10s. each, awarded to thecandidate taking the first place in the Second, Third,Fourth, and Final Examinations respectively, providedthat the candidate’s work is sufficiently distinguished ;(k) Priestley Smith Prize in Ophthalmology, valueabout £6 10s., is awarded annually to the studentpassing the Final M.B., Ch.B. Examination on firstentry who shows the best knowledge of Ophthalmology,provided the Examiners deem him worthy of thisdistinction ; (l) George Henry Marshall Scholarshipof JB10, awarded annually, for the encouragement ofResearch Work in Ophthalmology ; and (m) RussellMemorial Prize, a prize of books, value about £2,awarded annually to the student who, not being ofmore than six years’ standing as a student of theSchool of Medicine of the University, shall pass thebest examination in the subject of Nervous Diseases.The " Arthur Foxwell Memorial Medal " (Gold Medal)is awarded annually to the candidate taking thehighest place in Clinical Medicine and passingthe Final M.B., Ch.B. Examination in June; the" Sampson Gamgee Memorial Medal " (Gold Medalfor Surgery) is awarded annually to the best candidates