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z candidate for the degrees of M.B., Ch.B., shall produce.certificates that he will have attained the age of 21 years orthe day of graduation; that he has pursued the courses oj-study required by the University regulations during a periodof not less than five years subsequently to the date of hisregistration as a medical student by the General Medical’Council, three of such years at least having been passed inthe University and one year at least having been passed in,the University subsequently to the date of passing the FirstExamination.

The First -Examination.-The subjects of examination are.chemistry, physics, and biology. The examination is dividedinto two parts, A (chemistry and physics) and B (biology),.and candidates may pass in each part separately. TheIntermediate B.Sc. Examination in these subjects will, onpayment of the required additional fee, be accepted insteadof this examination. Candidates must, after matriculation,and registration as a medical student, have attended courses.of instruction (lectures and laboratory work) in chemistry,physics, and biology, for one year each.Tke Second Eaeamination.-’fhe subjects of examination are

anatomy, physiology, materia medica, and pharmacy. Theexamination is divided into two parts, A (anatomy andphysiology) and B (materia medica and pharmacy), andcandidates may pass in either part separately. Candidatesmust have completed the third winter session of professionalstudy, must have passed the first examination, and musthave attended (1) lectures on anatomy and dissections duringtwo winter sessions and one summer session ; (2) lectures on,physiology during two winter sessions, practical physiologydaring two winter sessions, and histology during one summersession; and (3) materia medica and pharmacy for threemonths.The Third or Final Exanaination.-The subjects of

- examination are divided into two parts-namely, A (forensic,medicine and toxicology, public health, and pathology andmorbid anatomy) and B (medicine, including pharmacologyand therapeutics, mental diseases, and diseases of children,surgery, obstetrics, and gynaecology). Candidates maypresent themselves for examination in both prts on thesame occasion or separately, but Part A may not be passedbefore the completion of the fourth year of study.Candidates for the whole examination or for Part B musthave completed the fifth year of study.

-Degree of Doctor of Medicine.-Candidates for the degreeof Doctor of Medicine must have passed the examination forthe degrees of M.B., Ch. B. at least one year previously, mustpresent a thesis embodying observations in some subjectapproved by the professor of medicine, and must pass anexamination in the Principles and Practice of Medicine.

Degree of Alaster of 8u.rgery.-Candidates for the degree ofCh. M. must have passed the examination for the degrees ofM.B., Ch. B. at least one year previously and must, sincetaking the degrees of M.B., Ch. B., have held for not lessthan six months a surgical appointment in a public hospitalor other public institution, affording full opportunity for the:study of Practical Surgery.

The subjects of examination are Systematic, Clinical, and’Operative Surgery, Surgical Anatomy, Surgical Pathology,and Bacteriology.Professors-Physics : W. M. Hicks, So.D., F.R.S,

Chemistry: W. Palmer Wynne, D.Sc., F.R.S. Biology:Alfred Denny, F.L.S. Anatomy: C. J. Patten, M.D.

Physiology : J. S. Macdonald, B.A. Medicine : D. Burgess,M.A., F.R.C.P. Materia Medica, &c. : W. T. Cocking.M.D. Surgery : R. J. Pye-Smith, F.R.C.S. Pathology : J. M,Beattie, M.D. Midwifery : R. Favell, M.R.C.S. Ophthalmo.logy : Simeon Snell, F.R.C.S. Public Health : H. Scurfield,M.D., D.P.H.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.

Four Degrees in Medicine and Surgery are conferred bJthe University of Edinburgh-viz., Bachelor of Medicine(M.B.), Bachelor of Surgery (Ch.B.), Doctor of Medicine(M.D.), and Master of Surgery (Ch.M.). The degree ojBachelor of Surgery cannot be conferred on any persorwho does not at the same time obtain the degree of Bachelo)of Medicine, and similarly the degree of Bachelor of Medicineis not conferred on any person who does not at the sametime obtain the degree of Bachelor of Surgery.A diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (D.T.M. and

H.) is granted to graduates in Medicine and Surgery of theUniversity of not less than six months’ standing. The course

of study includes (1) Practical Bacteriology ; (2) Diseases ofTropical Climates ; (3) Tropical Hygiene ; (4) a PracticalCourse in Medical Entomology and Protozoology andVenomous Animals; and (5) a Course of Clinical Instruc-tion in Tropical Diseases. Any two of these courses

may be taken under Extra-academical Teachers and ex-

emption from the latter course may be granted to those

graduates who haTe been engaged for a period of at least12 months in the treatment of Tropical Diseases in anytropical or subtropical country. The examinations for thediploma, which will embrace all the foregoing subjects, areheld in January and July of each year.

Before commencing his medical studies each student mustpass a preliminary examination in (1) English, (2) Latin,(3) Elementary Mathematics, and (4) Greek or French or

German: Provided always that, in the case of a candidatewhose native language is not English, an examination inthe native language of the candidate may be substitutedfor one in either French or German, and an examina-tion in any other classical language for one in Latin orGreek.No one is admitted to the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine

and Bachelor of Sltrgery who has not been engagedin Medical and Surgical study for five years. No courseof lectures will be allowed to qualify unless the lecturercertifies that it has embraced at least 100 lectures,or 50 lectures, as may be required by the regulations,and that the student has also duly performed the workof the class.Candidates for the degrees of M.B. and Ch.B. must have

attended for at least three academic years the medical and

surgical practice either of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, orof a general hospital elsewhere which accommodates notfewer than 80 patients and possesses a distinct staff of

physicians and surgeons. They must have attended ClinicalSurgery during a course or courses extending over not lessthan nine months. These courses may be conducted by theprofessor of clinical surgery, or by professors or lecturers

appointed for the purpose by the University Court, or bythe ordinary surgeons of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh,or of a general hospital defined and recognised as herein-before provided, and shall consist of regular instruction atthe bedside, along with clinical lectures. A similar courseof clinical medicine during a course or courses extendingover not less than nine months is required. The candidatemust have attended a course of instruction in Mental Diseasesgiven by the University Lecturer, or by a recognisedTeacher, consisting of not less than six Class-room

meetings for lectures and demonstrations and ten

meetings in the Wards of a recognised Asylum for theinsane. The candidate must have attended a coarse of25 meetings on Practical Pharmacy in a universityor recognised school of medicine, or have dispensed drugsfor a period of three months in a hospital or dispensary, orin an establishment recognised by the PharmaceuticalSociety. The candidate must have attended for at least sixmonths, by apprenticeship or otherwise, the out-practice of ahospital, or the practice of a dispensary, or of a physician orsurgeon, or of a member of the London or Dublin Societyof Apothecaries. He must have acted as clerk in themedical wards and dresser in the surgical wards of a publichospital for a period of six months in each case ; and mustalso have availed himself, to such an extent as may berequired by the Senatus, with the approval of the UniversityCourt, of opportunities of studying at a hospital or

dispensary, Post-mortem Examinations, Fevers, Diseases ofthe Eye, Operative Surgery, and one of the three following,viz.-Diseases of Children; Diseases of the Larynx, Ear,and Nose ; and Diseases of the Skin, or such other specialdepartments as may from time to time be determined. Thecandidate must have attended, under the superintendence ofa registered medical practitioner, 12 cases of labour, or

such additional number as the Senatus, with the sanctionof the University Court, may from time to time determine ;or have attended for three months the practice of a lying-in hospital, or of the maternity department of a generalhospital or other public charitable institution and have con-ducted personally six or such an additional number of casesof labour as the Senatus, with the approval of the UniversityCourt, may from time to time determine. The candidatemust have been properly instructed in Vaccination at a

public vaccination station, by a public vaccinator, authorisedby the proper Government authority to grant certificates ofproficiency in vaccination.

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With respect to the places and institutions at which thestudies of the candidate may be prosecuted, the followingregulations have effect:-Two of the five years of medicalstudy must be spent in the University of Edinburgh. Theremaining three years may be spent in any University ofthe United Kingdom, or in any Indian, Colonial, or Foreignuniversity recognised for the purpose by the UniversityCourt, or in such medical schools or under such teachersas may be recognised for the purpose by the UniversityCourt. Of the subjects of study, 16 in number-viz.,Anatomy, Practical Anatomy, Chemistry, Practical Che-mistry, Materia Medica, Physiology, Practical Physiology,Practice of Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery and Diseases ofWomen, Pathology, Practical Pathology, Physics, Botany,Zoology, Medical Jurisprudence, and Public Health-not lessthan eight must betaken in the University of Edinburgh or insome other university of the United Kingdom, or in someForeign or Colonial university entitled to confer the degreeof Doctor of Medicine, recognised for the purpose by theUniversity Court, or in a college incorporated with, or

affiliated to, a university entitled to confer the degree ofDoctor of Medicine, recognised for the purpose by the

University Court.Women are admitted to graduation in medicine under

practically the same conditions as men, excepting that, untilprovision is made in the University for instruction of womenin all subjects of the medical curriculum, the regulations asto places of study contained in the foregoing paragraph donot apply to them. The Medical College for Women, 30,Chambers-street, Edinburgh, has been recognised as a

medical school whose courses of instruction qualify forgraduation.Each candidate is examined, both in writing and orally, ’,

and clinically where the nature of the subject admits :-First, in Chemistry, Zoology, Botany, and Physics ; second,in Anatomy and Physiology; third, in Materia Medicaand Therapeutics and Pathology; and fourth, in Surgery,Medicine, Midwifery, Forensic Medicine, and Public Health,and clinically in Medicine, Surgery, and Gynxcology ina hospital. The examinations are conducted, as far as

possible, by demonstrations of objects placed before thecandidates. Candidates who profess themselves ready tosubmit to an examination in the first division of thesesubjects may be admitted to examination therein atthe first period of examination after they have com-

pleted their attendance on the necessary classes. Candi-dates who have passed their examination in the firstdivision of these subjects may be admitted to exa-

mination in the second division at the end of their thirdwinter session. Candidates who have passed their examina-tions in the subjects comprised in the first and seconddivisions may be admitted to examination in the thirddivision at the end of the fourth winter session. Candidateswho have passed their examinations in the subjects com-prised in the first, second, and third divisions may beadmitted to examination in the fourth or final division whenthey have completed the fifth year of study.Under a new medical ordinance it is provided that candi-

dates may pass all or any of the subjects of the first division-viz., Botany, Zoology, Physics, or Chemistry-at a uni-versity in the United Kingdom or at any other universityapproved by the Senate for this purpose, when such subjectsqualify for a degree in arts or science. In the seconddivision the examination in Physiology may be taken at anytime and in Anatomy at any time after the first half sessionof the third winter session. In the third division the exa-mination in Pathology may be taken at any time after theend of the third summer session in the case of students whobegin the medical curriculum in October and at the end ofthe fourth summer session in the case of students whobegin their medical curriculum in May. In Materia Medicathe examination may be taken at any time after the end ofthe fourth winter session. Candidates may be admitted toexamination in Practical Pharmacy and in the physical,chemical, and botanical characters of medicinal substancesat any examination held after they have completed thequalifying course of study. In the fourth division a studentafter taking the prescribed courses of study may be exa-mined in Forensic Medicine and Public Health at any time.in Midwifery at any time after the end of the first halisession, of the fifth winter session, in the Practice of Medicineand Surgery at any time after the end of the fifth wintei

session, and in Clinical Medicine (including the subject ojDiseases Peculiar to Women) and Clinical Surgery at th<

end of the fifth year of study. These new ordinances applyto students who enter the University at or after the beginningof the winter session 1907, but students who have enteredbefore this date have the option of finishing their courseunder the existing regulations or of taking advantage of thenew ordinances.The fee to be paid for the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine

and Bachelor of Surgery is .623 2s., and the proportion ofthis sum to be paid by a candidate at each division ofthe examination shall be as follows-viz. : For the FirstDivision of the Examination (Botany, Zoology, Physics,and Chemistry), E6 6s. for the Second Division (Anatomy,and Physiology) .65 5s. ; for the Third Division (Pathologyand Materia Medica and Therapeutics), .64 4s. ; and for theFinal Division (Surgery and Clinical Surgery, Medicine andClinical Medicine, Midwifery, Clinical Gynaecology, andForensic Medicine and Public Health), R7 7s.

Bachelors of Medicine and Bachelors of SMrgery mayproceed to the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Maste’!’of Surgery after they have spent one year in the medicalor surgical wards respectively of a hospital, or the Militaryor Naval Medical Services, or in scientific work bearingdirectly on their profession, or two years in practice. Ineach case an examination must be passed and a thesissubmitted for approval of the Faculty. The fee to be paidfor the degree of M.D. is &pound; 10 10s., and the fee to be paidfor the degree of Ch.M. is RIO 10s.

Professors-Natural Philosophy: J. G. Macgregor, D.Sc.Materia Medica: Sir Thomas R. Fraser, M.D., F.R.S.Forensic Medicine: H. Harvey Littlejohn, M.B., F.R.C.S.E.Chemistry: A. Crum Brown, M.D. Surgery : John Chiene,C.B., M.D. Medicine: J. Wyllie. M.D. Anatomy: D. J.Cunningham, M.D. Pathology: William Smith Greenfield,M.D. Midwifery: Sir John Ilalliday Croom, M.D. ClinicalMedicine : Sir T. R. Fraser, W. S. Greenfield, and J. Wyllie.

, Clinical Surgery : T. Annandale, M.D., F.R,C.S. Botany:I. Bayley Balfour, M.D. Physiology: E. A. Schafer, M.D.Zoology : J. Cossar Ewart, M.D. Public Health, &c. :C. Hunter Stewart, M.B., D.Sc

UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW.The University of Glasgow is both a teaching and a

degree-granting body, but admits to graduation onlycandidates whose preliminary examination and course

of study conform to its own regulations. Withincertain limits instruction given by recognised medicalschools and teachers may be accepted, but eightof the subjects other than clinical must be takenin this or some other recognised university entitledto confer the degree of M.D., and at least two years of thecourse must be taken in Glasgow University. Under thenew regulations six degrees, open both to men and women,are conferred: M.B. and Ch.B. (always conjointly), M.D.and Ch.M. ; B.Sc. in Public Health; D.Sc. in Public Health;and B.Sc. in Pharmacy. A Preliminary Examination mustbe passed in (1) English, (2) Latin, (3) Elementary Mathe-matics, and (4) Greek, or French, or German, with possibleoptions to students whose native language is not Englishin the case of the fourth subject. Candidates taking theUniversity preliminary examination are not obliged to

pass in all the four subjects at one examination but mustdo so at not more than two occasions.For the degrees of M.B. and CA. B. a curriculum of five years

is required, in each of the first four of which the studentmust attend at least two five months’ courses, or alternatelyone five months’ course and two courses of two and ahalf months. The minimum of attendance in the firstfour years includes five months’ courses in the follow-ing subjects -Anatomy, Practical Anatomy (two courses),Chemistry, Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Physiology,Practice of Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery and Diseasesof Women and Infants, and Pathology ; and courses oftwo and a half months in the following: Practical Che-mistry, Physics, Botany, Zoology, Practical Physiology,Practical Pathology, Medical Jurisprudence, and PublicHealth. Candidates must attend at least three years theMedical and Surgical Practice of a recognised hospitalaccommodating at least 80 patients and having a distinctstaff of physicians and surgeons. At least nine months’hospital attendance is required on both Clinical Surgeryand Clinical Medicine, and the student must have actedas clerk in medical and dresser in surgical wards, andmust have had six months’ out-door practice ; he must