Date post: | 12-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | juniper-barrett |
View: | 215 times |
Download: | 0 times |
University of Virginia
Wireless Sensor Networks
August, 2006
University of Virginia
Jack Stankovic
University of Virginia
Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks• Sensors
• Actuators• CPUs/Memory• Radio• Minimal capacity• 1000s
Self-organize
University of Virginia
Mica2
and Mica2Dot
• ATMega 128L 8-bit, 8MHz, 4KB EEPROM, 4KB RAM, 128KB flash• Chipcon CC100 multichannel radio (Manchester encoding, FSK).
Up to 500-1000ft.
• Reality 50-100 feet when on the ground!
University of Virginia
Sensor Board
University of Virginia
Sensor Board
University of Virginia
Exciting Potential
• The Internet Gets Physical
• “Sensing technologies will be one of the hallmarks of this century”
• 1980 => decade of microcomputers• 1990 => decade of the Internet• 2000 => decade of WSN
University of Virginia
Application Spectrum
Hazard Detection
Biological Monitoring
MedicalDomain
Smart Environment
Wearable Computing
Transportation
Earth Science & Exploration
Context-Aware Computing
Interactive VR Game
Wireless Sensor Networks
Urban WarfareMilitary Surveillance
Disaster Recovery Environmental Monitoring
University of Virginia
Applications/Testbeds
• VigilNet – Military surveillance, tracking and classification
• AlarmNet – Assisted Living and Residential Monitoring Network
• Environmental Science
University of Virginia
1. An unmanned plane (UAV) deploys motes
2. Motes establish an sensor network with power management
3.Sensor network detects
vehicles and wakes up the sensor nodes
Zzz...
Energy Efficient Surveillance System
Sentry
University of Virginia
VigilNet Architecture
University of Virginia
Demo System Layout
2
0
1
Tent
•200 XSM Motes•3 Bases (Tripwires)•300 by 200 Meters in T-shape•Inter-tripwire communication Via 802.11 wireless LAN
300 meters, 30 motes each line, 4 non-uniform lines
200M
University of Virginia
Results of Actual Test
University of Virginia
Overview of Demo Scenarios
•Tracking multiple targets (people, vehicles, and then people and vehicles)– 3 crossing people– Vehicle followed by person– 2 vehicles following each other about 50 meters apart– Large versus small vehicles– People and people with weapons
•Fault Tolerance/Robustness– Kill 20% of the nodes– Kill base stations
University of Virginia
For related other publications: www.cs.umn.edu/~tianhe
Florida
University of Virginia
C&C Mote Field
N
300M by 200 M T shape
Berkeley
University of Virginia
Spotlight - Localization
μSpotlight (projector, Mica2 motes, laptop) – DEMO at ACM/IEEE IPSN 05
Spotlight (telescope mount, diode laser, XSM motes, laptop) (Sent to Berkeley) Demo at upcoming SenSys 2005
University of Virginia
Sentry-Based Power Management
(SBPM)• Two classes of nodes: sentries and non-sentries– Sentries are awake – Non-sentries can sleep
• Sentries – Provide coarse monitoring & backbone communication network
– Sentries “wake up” non-sentries for finer sensing
• Sentry rotation– Even energy distribution– Prolong system life
1
4
3
2
University of Virginia
Tripwire-based Surveillance
• Partition sensor network into multiple sections.• Turn off all the nodes in dormant sections.• Apply sentry-based power management in tripwire
sections• Periodically, sections rotate to balance energy.
Road
Dormant DormantDormant Active ActiveDormant ActiveActive Dormant Dormant
University of Virginia
Lifetime
Analysis
Network Life Time
Number of Tripwires
(10 regions, 30% sentry, 7 day life)
4 3 2 1
2 AA Batteries 50 days 70 days 105 days 210 days
4 AA Batteries 100 days 140 days 210 days 420 days
University of Virginia
Internet Scale WSN
Internet
LocalTransportProtocol
LocalTransportProtocol
ProgrammingStation
Server Server
Nodes Nodes
University of Virginia
System Architectur
eInternet
LocalTransportProtocol
LocalTransportProtocol
ProgrammingStation
Server Server
Nodes NodesInformation about
Services, InterfacesLocation
University of Virginia
System Architectur
eInternet
ProgrammingStation
Server Server
Nodes Nodes
LocalTransportProtocol
LocalTransportProtocol
High levelProgramming
Language
EXE
High LevelVirtual Machine
High LevelVirtual Machine
Low LevelVirtual Machine
Low LevelVirtual Machine
University of Virginia
System Architectur
eInternet
LocalTransportProtocol
LocalTransportProtocol
ProgrammingStation
Server Server
Nodes Nodes
Responsible forResource management
User access rights
University of Virginia
System Architectur
eInternet
LocalTransportProtocol
LocalTransportProtocol
ProgrammingStation
Server Server
Nodes Nodes
Omnix PhysicalNetwork
Omnix PhysicalNetwork
The Physicalnet
University of Virginia
Medical System Architecture
Internet
Internet
PDAs
Nurses Stations
University of Virginia
University of Virginia
Smart Living Health Spaces
University of Virginia
Research
Questions
• Flexible and Dynamic Privacy• Security• Form factors for sensor nodes
– Unobtrusiveness
• Mobility– Routing for 2 mobile end points
• Localization• In-network preliminary diagnoses• Define and meet real-time requirements
including alarms• Power Management• Data Association
University of Virginia
Summary - Research Approach
• Fundamental and Important Problems– Not incremental
• Application Driven– Military– Medical– Environmental
• Experimental Systems Research• Build Testbeds and Real Systems
University of Virginia
Summary - Our Research Areas
• Wireless Networking Realities• Localization• Real-Time• Hardware• Privacy• Security• The crowded spectrum - Multi-frequency
systems• OS for WSN
Spatial Temporal Systems
University of Virginia
Our Research Areas
• Power Management• Analysis• Programming Languages
– Across networks of networks
• Acoustic Streaming and other High Level Services• Real-Time Data Sharing• Self-Healing• Data Association• Auto-calibration• Pervasive Computing
University of Virginia
Research Partners
• CMU• UIUC• Harvard• Univ. of Minnesota• Berkeley• UVA Medical School