Unix Manual Knsit

7/27/2019 Unix Manual Knsit

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KNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPT OF MCA

Lecturer: Syed Khutubuddin Ahmed Page 1

UNIX LAB MANUAL

Instructions for using UNIX

Step 1: start the linux operating system

Step 2: click on applications go to system tools click on terminal

Step 3: type vi program_name.sh

Step 4: type the program to save it and execute type esc : wq

Step 5: on the terminal type sh program_name.sh

Program1a

Write a non-recursive shell script which accepts any number of arguments and prints them in

the reverse order (For example, if the script is named args, then executing args A B C should

produce C B A on the standard output).

if [ $# -eq 0 ]

thenecho "No argument"exitfifor i in $*doy=$i" "$ydoneecho $y

Output

$ sh 1a.sh 1 2 3

3 2 1


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Program1b

Write a shell script that accepts two file names as arguments, checks if the permissions for

these files are identical and if the permissions are identical, output common permissions andotherwise output each file name followed by its permissions.

if [ $# -ne 2 ]thenecho "No arguments"elif [ ! -e $1 -o ! -e $2 ]thenecho "FIle does not exist"elsep1=`ls -l $1|cut -c2-10`p2=`ls -l $2|cut -c2-10`if [ $p1 == $p2 ]thenecho "File permissions are equal & is $p1"elseecho "File permissions are not equal"echo "1st file $p1"echo "2nd file $p2"fifi

Output

$ sh 1b.sh a b

File permissions are equal & is rwxrwxrwx

Program2a

Write a shell script that takes a valid directory name as an argument and recursively descend

all the subdirectories, finds the maximum length of any file in that hierarchy and writes this

maximum value to the standard output.

if [ $# -ne 1 ]thenecho "No argument"exitfiif [ ! -e $1 ]thenecho "The given directory does not exist"exit


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fiecho "The file with maximum length $1 dir is"ls -lR $1|tr -s " "|cut -d " " -f 5,10|sort -n|tail -n 1

Output

$ sh 2a.sh sharan

The file with maximum length sharan dir is

252

Program2b

Write a shell script that accepts a path name and creates all the components in that path

name as directories. For example, if the script is named mpc, then the command mpc a/b/c/d

should create directories a, a/b, a/b/c, a/b/c/d.

if [ $# -ne 1 ]thenecho "Invalid number of arguments"elsemkdir -p $1

fi

Output

$ sh 2b.sh a/b/c/d

$ls R a

a

b

a/b

c

a/b/c


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d

a/b/c/d

Program3a

Write a shell script which accepts valid log-in names as arguments and prints their

corresponding home directories, if no arguments are specified, print a suitable error message.

Clearif [ $# -eq 0 ]then

echo "No command line argument passed"

exitfiwhile [ $1 ]do

cat /etc/passwd | cut -d ":" -f1 | grep "^$1" > tempck=`cat temp`

if [ "$ck" != "$1" ]then

echo "ERROR:$1 is an invalid login name"else

echo "Home Directory for $1 is"echo `cat /etc/passwd | grep "^$1" | cut -d ":" -f6`

fishiftdone

Output

$ 3a.sh student

Home Directory for student is

/home/student


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Program3b

Write shell script to implement terminal locking (similar to the lock command). It should

prompt the user for a password. After accepting the password entered by the user, it must

prompt again for the matching password as confirmation and if match occurs, it must lock the

keyword until a matching password is entered again by the user, Note that the script must be

written to disregard BREAK, control-D. No time limit need be implemented for the lock

duration.

stty echowhile truedoclearecho "Enter the paasword"

read pass1echo "Re enter the password"read pass2if [ $pass1 = $pass2 ]thenecho "Terminal locked"echo "To unlock enter the password"pass1=""until [ "$pass1" = "$pass2" ]doread pass1done

echo "Terminal unlocked"stty echoexitelseecho "Password mismatch retype it"fidone

Output

$ sh 3b.shEnter the passwordRe enter the passwordTerminal lockedTo unlock enter the passwordTerminal unlocked


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Program4a

Create a script file called file-properties that reads a file name entered and outputs it

properties.echo "Enter a file name"read fileif [ -f $file ]thenset - -`ls -l $file`echo "file permission : $1"echo "number of links : $2"echo "User name : $3"echo "Owner name : $4"echo "Block size : $5"

echo "Date of modification : $6 : $7"echo "Time of modification : $8"echo "Name of file : $9"elseecho "File does not exist"fi

Output

$ sh 4a.shEnter a file name

SharanFile permissions : -rw-rw-rNumber of links :1User name :santoshOwner name: santoshBlock size 24Date of modification Nov 28Time of modification 12:49Name of file : sharan

Program4b

Write a shell script that accept one or more filenames as argument and convert all of them to

uppercase, provided they exist in current directory.

for f in $*do


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if [ -e $f ]thencat $f|tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]">tmpmv tmp $f

elseecho "File $f does not exist"fidone

Output

$ sh 4b.sh

Cat >sharanHi how are you$ sh 4b.sh sharanCat sharanHI HOW ARE YOU

Program5a

Write a shell script that displays all the links to a file specified as the first argument to the

script. The second argument, which is optional, can be used to specify in which the search is

to begin. If this second argument is not present, the search is to begin in current workingdirectory. In either case, the starting directory as well as all its subdirectories at all levels

must be searched. The script need not include any error checking.

if [ "$2" != " " ]then

cwd=`pwd`cd $2link=`ls -l $1 | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f2`cd $cwd

else

link=`ls -l $1 | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f2`fiecho "Number of linkes of file $1: $link"


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Output

$ sh 5a.sh kns

Number of links of file kns : 41

Program5b

Write a shell script that accepts as filename as argument and display its creation time if file

exist and if it does not send output error message.

if [ $# -eq 0 ]then

echo "No argument"exitfiif [ -f $1 ]thentime=`ls -l $1|cut -c 33-59`echo "File $1 has created on $time"elseecho "File $1 does not exist"fi

Output

$ sh 5b.sh sharanFile sharan has created on 2010-12-13 14:49 sharan


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Program6a

Write a shell script to display the calendar for current month with current date replaced by *

or ** depending on whether the date has one digit or two digits.

set `date`y=$3if [ $y -le 9 ]thencal |sed "s/$3/*/"elsecal |sed "s/$3/**/"fi

Output

$ sh 6a.shDecember 2010su mo tu we th fr sat

1 2 3 45 6 * 8 9 10 1112 13 14 15 16 1* 1819 20 21 22 23 24 2526 2* 28 29 30 31

Program6b

Write a shell script to find smallest of three numbers that are read from keyboard.

echo "Enter the Three Numbers"read a b cif [ $a -le $b -a $a -le $c ]then

echo "$a is Smallest"elif [ $b -le $c -a $b -le $a ]then

echo "$b is Smallest"else

echo "$c is Smallest"fi


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Output

$ sh 6b.sh

Enter the three numbers2 31 is smallest

Program7a

Write a shell script using expr command to read in a string and display a suitable message if it

does not have at least 10 characters.

echo "Enter a String"read strc=`expr "$str" : '.*'`

if [ $c -lt 10 ]thenecho "The String has Less than 10 charecter"elseecho "The String has $c charecters"fi

Output

$ sh 7a.sh

Enter a stringHi how are youThe string has 14 charecters

Program7b

Write a shell script to compute the sum of number passed to it as argument on command line

and display the result.

sum=0for i in $*do

sum=`expr $sum + $i`done

echo "Sum of Number is : $sum"


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Output

$ sh 7b.sh 1 2 3

Sum of Number is : 6

Program8a

Write a shell script that compute gross salary of an employee, accordingly to rule given

below.

If basic salary is < 15000 then HRA=10% of basic 7 DA=90% of basic.

If basic salary is >=15000 then HRA=500 of basic & DA=98% of basic.

Echoenter Basic salary

read basicif [ $basic -lt 15000 ]then

hra=èxpr 10 \* $basic / 100`da=èxpr 90 \* $basic / 100`

elsehra=èxpr 50 \* $basic / 100`da=èxpr 98 \* $basic / 100`

figs=èxpr $basic + $hra + $daècho "Gross salary : Rs. $gs"

Output

$ sh 8a.shEnter Basic salary10000Gross salary : Rs . 20000


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Program8b

Write a shell script that delete all lines containing a specific word in one or more file

supplied as argument to it.if [ $# -eq 0 ]thenecho "Please enter one or more filenames as argument"exitfiecho "Enter the word to be searched in files"read wordfor file in $*dosed "/$word/d" $file | tee tmpmv tmp $filedone

Output

$ sh 8b.sh knsEnter the word to be searched in a fileareWhat about you

Program9a

Write a shell script that gets executed displays the message either Good Morning or Good

Afternoon or Good Evening depending upon time at which the user logs in.

echo "Greetings of the day"echo `date`h=`date |cut -c 12-13`if [ $h -ge 0 -a $h -lt 12 ]thenecho "Good Morning"

elif [ $h -ge 12 -a $h -lt 18 ]thenecho "Good Afternoon"elif [ $h -ge 18 -a $h -lt 20 ]thenecho "Good Evening"else


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echo "Good Night"fi

Output

$ sh 9a.shGreeting of the dayThe Dec 7 03:01:28 EST 2010Good Morning

Program9b

Write a shell script that accept a list of filenames as its argument, count and report

occurrence of each word that is present in the first argument file on other argument files.

if [ $# -ne 2 ]then

echo "Error :invalid no of arguments "exit

fistr=`cat $1 | tr '\n' ' '`for a in $strdo

echo "word=$a , count=`grep -c "$a" $2` "done

Output

$ sh 9b.sh a bword=Sharanakumar, count=0word=Shridharmurthy,count=1word=Santoshkumar count=1word=Shivaprasad count=0

Program10aWrite a shell script that determine the period for which a specified user is working on system.

echo -e "enter the user name :\c"read usrtuser=`who | tr -s " " | head -1 | cut -d " " -f1`if [ "$tuser" = "$usr" ]


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thentm=`who | tr -s " " | head -1 | cut -d " " -f4ùhr=ècho $tm | cut -d ":" -f1ùmin=ècho $tm | cut -d ":" -f2`

shr=`date "+%H"`smin=`date "+%M"ìf [ $smin -lt $umin ]thenshr=èxpr $shr - 1`smin=èxpr $smin + 60`

fih=èxpr $shr - $uhr`m=èxpr $smin - $umin`

echo "user name : $usr"echo "login period : $h : $m"else

echo "Invalid User"fi

Output

$ sh 10.shEnter the user name :santoshUser name :santoshLogin period :-19:41

Program10b

Write a shell script that reports the logging in of a specified user within one minute after

he/she log in. The script automatically terminate if specified user does not log in during a

specified period of time.

a=`date +%M`b=èxpr $a + 1`while [ $b -gt `date +%M` ]dowho | grep $1if [ $? -eq 0 ]

thenecho "$1 has logged in 1 minute"exitfidoneecho "$1 has not looged in within 1 minute"


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Output

$ sh 10b.sh santoshSantosh tty1 2010-12-06 21:30 (:0)

Program11a

Write a shell script that accepts two integers as its argument and compute the value of first

number raised to the power of second number.

if [ $# -ne 2 ]thenecho "Invalid number of arguments"

exitfipwr=ècho $1^$2 |bcècho "$1 raised to $2 is : $pwr"

Output

$ sh 11a.sh 3 3raised to 3 is :27

Program11b

Write a shell script that accept the file name, starting and ending line number as an

argument and display all the lines between the given line number.

if [ $# -ne 3 ]thenecho "Pass minimum three arguments"

exitfic=`cat $1 | wc -lìf [ $2 -le 0 -o $3 -le 0 -o $2 -gt $3 -o $3 -gt $c ]thenecho "Invaid Input"exit


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fised -n "$2,$3p" $1

Output

$ sh 11b.sh a 2 5SharanShriSantoshShiva

Program12a

Write a shell script that folds long lines into 40 columns. Thus any line that exceeds

40 characters must be broken after 40th, a \ is to be appended as the indication of folding

and the processing is to be continued with the residue. The input is to be supplied through a

text file created by the user.

{if(length($0)40){printf"%s\n",substr(x,1,40)x=substr(x,41,length(x)-40)}printf"%s\n",x}}

Output

$ awkf 12a.sh fileC is the structure oriented language C++

Is the object oriented language


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Program12b

Write an awk script that accepts date argument in the form of mm-dd-yy and displays it in theform if day, month, and year. The script should check the validity of the argument and in the

case of error, display a suitable message.

BEGIN {FS="-"f=1;printf("enter date with (mm-dd-yy) format:");getline < "/dev/tty"if(((($3%4!=0) && ($1==2) && ($2>28)) || (($3%4==0) && ($1==2) && ($2>29))) ||

((($1==1) || ($1==3) || ($1==5) || ($1==7) || ($1==8) || ($1==10) || ($1==12)) && ($2>31)) ||

((($1==4) || ($1==6) || ($1==9) || ($1==11)) && ($2>30)) || ($1


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flag=0;}if (flag){

x[j]=$0;printf("\n%s",x[i]);i++;

}}

Output

$ awkf 13a.sh a

SharanakumarShridharSantoshShiva

Program13b

Write an awk script to find out total number of books sold in each discipline as well as total

book sold using associate array down table as given below.

Electrical 34 Mechanical-1 67

Electrical-1 80 Computer Science 43

Mechanical 65 Civil-1 198

Civil 198 Computer Science-1 64

BEGIN{printf "enter the mechanical books:"getline mc


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if(NR==1)tot1=$2-mcif(NR==2)tot2=$2-ec

if(NR==3)tot3=$2-csif(NR==4)tot4=$2-ci}{if(NR==4){printf "total mechanical books present:%d\n",tot1printf "total electrical books present:%d\n",tot2printf "total computer books present:%d\n",tot3printf "total civil books present:%d\n",tot4

}}

Program14

Write an awk script to compute gross salary of an employee accordingly to rule given below.

If basic salary is < 10000 then HRA=15% of basic & DA=45% of basic.

If basic salary is >=10000 then HRA=20% of basic & DA=50% of basic.

BEGIN{printf"enter the basic salary:Rs"getline bp


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