Unix shell talk - RIT SSE

Text shellsMatt Mokary

and important productivity tips

TERMINAL-ogy● Terminal window terminal window

TERMINAL-ogy● Terminal window

● Terminal emulatorterminal emulator

terminal window


● Terminal emulatorterminal emulator

terminal window


● Terminal emulator

● Shell

terminal emulator

shell

terminal window

Modern Shells● C Shell (csh)

● Bourne Again Shell (bash)

● Korn Shell (ksh)

● Z Shell (zsh)

Modern Shells● C Shell (csh)

● Bourne Again Shell (bash)

● Korn Shell (ksh)

● Z Shell (zsh)

Basic usage<program name> <program flags> [ arg1, arg2, … ]

$ ls


$ ls

Applications Documents Library

Desktop Downloads Music

$


$ ls -a

<program name> <program flags> [ arg1, arg2, … ]

$ ls -adrwxr-xr-x 3 mattmokary staff 102 Feb 24 12:56 Applications

drwx------+ 5 mattmokary staff 170 Mar 20 17:06 Desktop

drwx------+ 11 mattmokary staff 374 Mar 20 12:03 Documents

drwx------+ 56 mattmokary staff 1904 Mar 20 14:54 Downloads

drwx------@ 49 mattmokary staff 1666 Feb 12 15:42 Library

drwx------+ 5 mattmokary staff 170 Feb 20 00:12 Music

$

Basic usage


$ grep -n TODO MyProject.java

Basic usage


$ grep -n TODO MyProject.java

23: // TODO is there an off-by-one error here?

131: // TODO document this function

340: // TODO make this more efficient

$


$ gcc -o HelloWorld hello_world.c

Basic usage



$

Basic usage



$ ls

HelloWorld hello_world.c hello_world.o

$

Basic usage

Streams

Streams● Standard Input (stdin)


● Standard Output (stdout)


● Standard Output (stdout)

● Standard Error (stderr)

Streams$ cat test.txt

Streams$ cat test.txtThis is a test file.It has several lines,none of which are very helpful.This is the last line of the file.$

Stream Redirection● >

Stream Redirection● > $ grep TODO MyProject.java

Stream Redirection● > $ grep TODO MyProject.java

// TODO make this better

// TODO delete these

$

Stream Redirection● > $ grep TODO MyProject.java > todo.txt


$


$ ls

MyProject.java todo.txt

$


$ ls


$ cat todo.txt



$


>>

$ grep TODO MyProject.java > todo.txt

$ ls


$ cat todo.txt



$


>>

● <


>>

● <

$ grep TODO MyProject.java



$


>>

● <

$ grep TODO < MyProject.java



$


>>

● <

● |


>>

● <

● |

$ grep TODO MyProject.java > todo.txt

$ wc -l todo.txt

2

$ rm todo.txt


>>

● <

● |

$ grep TODO MyProject.java | wc -l


>>

● <

● |


2


>>

● <

● |


2

$ ruby get_hockey_tweets.rb \

| grep -in sedin | grep -i henrik \

| wc -l

173

$

Stream Redirection● > redirect stdout to file stream

>> append stdout to file stream

● < redirect file stream to stdin

● | redirect stdout and stderr to stdin

Stream Redirection● stdin (channel 0)

● stdout (channel 1)

● stderr (channel 2)

Stream Redirection$ ./sqrt -1 2> errors.txt

No real solution.

$

Stream Redirection$ ./sqrt -1 2> errors.txt

No real solution.

$ cat errors.txt

Argument is less than zero.

$

Stream Redirection$ ./sqrt -1 2> errors.txt 1> /dev/null

$ cat errors.txt

Argument is less than zero.

$

Stream Redirection$ ./postfix-solver 3 4 + 2>&1 > /dev/null \

| grep syntax > syntax-errors.txt













$



$ ls

postfix-solver syntax-errors.txt

$



$ ls

postfix-solver syntax-errors.txt

$ cat syntax-errors.txt

$

Stream Redirection● stdin 0● stdout 1● stderr 2● 2> redirect stderr to file stream● 2>&1 redirect stderr to current stdout

etc.

Every SE Ever:

Every SE Ever:“I have no idea why this isn’t working.”


“I have no idea why this is working.”


“I have no idea why this is working.”

“How do I get out of vim?”

vim Modes● Normal

vim Modes● Normal

o insert a new line beneath the cursor, move to it,and enter insert mode

$ move to the end of the line and remain innormal mode

i enter insert mode at the cursor’s currentposition

I move to the beginning of the line and enterinsert mode

dd cut the current line

vim Modes● Normal

● Insert

vim Modes● Normal

● Insert

● Command

vim Modes● Normal

● Insert

● Command

:w write the buffer to the disk

:q quit vim; will stop you if the file has changedsince the last write

:q! quit vim and discard changes since last write

:wq write the buffer and quit vim

:x same as :wq

:<some number>move the cursor to line <some number>

Typical vim Workflow

Typical vim Workflow$ vim some-file.txt


until you’ve made all the desired changes:navigate through the file in normal mode


until you’ve made all the desired changes:navigate through the file in normal modebounce between normal and insert until part is fixed


until you’ve made all the desired changes:navigate through the file in normal modebounce between normal and insert until part is fixedenter normal mode and write the file with “:w”



enter normal mode



enter normal modewrite the file and quit vim with “:wq” or “:x”

vim Visual Mode

vim Visual Modex cut the highlighted text and save it to vim’s

clipboard

y copy the highlighted text and save it to vim’sclipboard

p (in normal mode)paste the text in vim’s clipboard into the bufferafter the cursor

P (in normal mode)paste the text in vim’s clipboard into the bufferbefore the cursor

tmux

tmux$ Shell

tmux$ tmux new -s Crypto

$ Shell

tmux session“Crypto”


$ tmux ls

Crypto: 1 windows … (attached)

$

Shell



$ tmux ls


$ tmux detach

$

Shell



$ tmux ls


$ tmux detach

$ tmux new -s Grading

$

Shell


tmux session“Grading”


$ tmux ls


$ tmux detach


$ tmux kill-session -t Crypto

$

Shell



$ tmux ls


$ tmux detach


$ tmux kill-session -t Crypto

$ tmux detach

$

Shell


tmux Session

tmux SessionCTRL+b % vertical split


CTRL+b “ horizontalsplit



CTRL+b x y kill pane



CTRL+b x y kill pane

CTRL+b arrows

navigate panes

My Personal Setup

Thanks!

Date post:	15-Jan-2015
Category:	Technology
Upload:	matt-mokary
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Unix shell talk - RIT SSE

Technology