Type of Compound
Alcohol
Aldehyde
Ketone
2-butanone
benzaldehyde
2-butanol
2-pentanone
1-pentanol
2-methyl-1-propanal
2-propanone
1-pentanol
2-methyl-1-propanol
2-propanol
trans-cinamaldehyde
acetophenone
1-octanol
cyclohexanone
4-methyl-2-pentanol
Set A Set B Set C
Your unknown will be from one of these sets.
Procedure
Classification Tests
Solid Derivative
Classification Tests
Chromic acid test
Iodoform test
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine test
Chromic Acid TestCrO3/H2SO4 in acetone
H2CrO4Cr3+
red green
Chromic Acid Test
RCH2OH RCOOH
R2CHOH R2CO
RCHO RCOOH
Iodoform TestReagent: NaOH and I2 (NaOI)
CCH3
O
RI2, NaOH
RCOOH + CHI3Yellow
Iodoform Test
CHCH3
OH
RI2, NaOH
RCOOH + CHI3Yellow
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine test
NH2NH
NO2
NO2
Aldehyde or ketone
+ NH2NH
NO2
NO2
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone
C
O
NH2R C
OH
NHR
NRC
DerivativesAldehydes and Ketones
1. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone
2. Semicarbazone
NH2NHC
O
NH2
semicarbazide
+ RC
O
R NNHCNH2CR
R
O
semicarbazone
Alcohol Derivative
O2N
O2N
C Cl
O
O2N
O2N
C OR
OROH
3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride
3,5-dinitrobenzoate
O
CH3CH2CHO
A B C D E
CrO3
+ -B,C A, D, E
DNP+ -
B CA,D E
Iodoform
D A
+
+
-
-