Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are from The ... · Philippians was written by the...

Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® (ESV®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a

publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

2 Copyright 2013 David Bearden and Firewheel Bible Fellowship – All Rights Reserved Updated: 24 August 2013

Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3

Background ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Themes in Philippians ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

The Philippian Church ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

Philippi ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

Encouragement for the Christian Life ..................................................................................................................................... 8

Greeting, Thanksgiving and Prayer ..................................................................................................................................... 8

Spreading the Gospel in spite of distractions ..................................................................................................................... 9

Paul’s aim for living ........................................................................................................................................................... 10

Be worthy .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Lessons for Life .................................................................................................................................................................. 11

Examples for the Christian Life ............................................................................................................................................. 12

Love others as much as you love yourself ........................................................................................................................ 12

Empty yourself .................................................................................................................................................................. 12

Be a light to the world of Christ’s love .............................................................................................................................. 14

Timothy and Epaphroditus ................................................................................................................................................ 15

Lessons for Life .................................................................................................................................................................. 16

Exhortations for Living the Christian Life .............................................................................................................................. 17

The true source of righteousness ..................................................................................................................................... 17

Press on!............................................................................................................................................................................ 18

Follow the leader .............................................................................................................................................................. 18

Lessons for Life .................................................................................................................................................................. 19

Tools for Living the Christian Life .......................................................................................................................................... 20

Rebuking when necessary ................................................................................................................................................. 20

Rejoice always ................................................................................................................................................................... 20

Keep your focus pure ........................................................................................................................................................ 21

Focus on God and not on your circumstances .................................................................................................................. 21

Help others in need ........................................................................................................................................................... 22

Lessons for Life .................................................................................................................................................................. 22

Final Greeting ........................................................................................................................................................................ 23

References ............................................................................................................................................................................ 24


Introduction

Background Philippians was written by the Apostle Paul

Paul wrote Philippians while under house arrest in Rome around AD 61 or 62

Philippians was written in the combined style of a friendship letter and a moral exhortation letter (Fee)

Paul wrote Philippians for several reasons 1. To make it clear that Epaphroditus had fulfilled his responsibility in light of

his near fatal illness 2. To thank the Church at Philippi for their financial gift 3. To commend Timothy to them and to perhaps prepare them for a future

visit to the church by Paul himself 4. To address problems the church was facing

Themes in Philippians Paul’s love and gratitude toward the Philippians

To exhort the Philippians to live godly lifestyles of unity, holiness and joy

The Greek word for joy (carav- chara) is used 5x in the short Book of Philippians: Philippians 1:4, 25; 2:2, 17, 18; 29

The Greek word for rejoice (caivrw- chairō) is used once: Philippians 4:10

The Philippian Church

Paul founded the church at Philippi on his first missionary journey (Acts 16) around AD 50

This was probably the first church that was planted on European soil

When Paul arrived he met some women who were praying by the riverbank (including Lydia who became Paul’s first European convert). This probably indicates that there was not a synagogue in Philippi

Luke apparently stayed in Philippi when Paul left. This may indicate that Philippi was Luke’s hometown

Were joyful givers…

Encouragement to Give Generously 2 Corinthians 8: We want you to know, brothers, about the grace of God that has been given among the churches of Macedonia, 2 for in a severe test of affliction, their abundance of joy and their extreme poverty have overflowed in a wealth of generosity on their part. 3 For they gave according to their means, as I can testify, and beyond their means, of their own accord, 4 begging us earnestly for the favor of taking part in the relief of the saints— 5 and this, not as we expected, but they gave themselves first to the Lord and then by the will of God to us.

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 2 Co 8:1–5.


Philippi In 356 BC King Philip of Macedonia, who was the father of Alexander the Great,

captured the city of Krinides and renamed it after himself

The Romans captured the city in 168 BC and then again in 42 BC when Octavian (who later became Augustus) and Antony defeated Brutus and Cassius

Octavian turned Philippi into a Roman colony and a military outpost (see Acts 16:12)

The Via Egnatia (main highway running east from Rome ) ran through Philippi

The citizens of Philippi were regarded as Roman citizens

Paul’s “Macedonian Call” in Acts 16:9-12 led to his ministry in Philippi

Source: ESV Study Bible - Logos Bible Software


Philippi at the time of Paul

Source: The ESV Study Bible – Logos Bible Software

Roman Colony of Philippi

Source: Holman Bible Atlas - Logos Bible Software


Philippi Acropolis

Source: BiblePlaces.com Image Library – Logos Bible Software

Alleged Place of Paul’s Imprisonment Acts 16:19 But when her owners saw that their hope of gain was gone, they seized Paul and Silas and dragged them into the marketplace before the rulers. 20 And when they had brought them to the magistrates, they said, “These men are Jews, and they are disturbing our city. 21 They advocate customs that are not lawful for us as Romans to accept or practice.” 22 The crowd joined in attacking them, and the magistrates tore the garments off them and gave orders to beat them with rods. 23 And when they had inflicted many blows upon them, they threw them into prison, ordering the jailer to keep them safely. 24 Having received this order, he put them into the inner prison and fastened their feet in the stocks.

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Ac 16:19–24.

Source: BiblePlaces.com Image Library – Logos Bible Software


Discussion Questions

1. What does it mean to live joyfully? 2. How can we live a joyful life? 3. What is the difference between joy and happiness? 4. What is the relationship between joy and worship? 5. What is the relationship between joy and giving?

All of which leads to the best known of the theological motifs in this letter – joy in the midst of suffering… Joy is how believers who know Christ and whose futures are guaranteed by Christ respond in the context of present difficulties, not because they like to suffer, but because their joy is “in the Lord.” But joy is not a feeling, it is an activity… Above everything else, joy is the distinctive mark of the believer in Christ Jesus: and in this letter it comes most often as an imperative. Believers are to “rejoice in the Lord always” (4:4), because joy has not to do with one’s circumstances but with one’s relationship with the Lord; and they are to do so both on their own, as it were, and together with others (2:18). Whatever else, life in Christ is a life of joy. To miss this reality is to miss Philippians altogether; and to miss Philippians at this point is to miss out on an essential quality of Christian life.1 – Gordon Fee

Homework

Read the Book of Philippians

Focus on Chapter 1

Pray and ask God to reveal Himself to you through the reading of His word


Encouragement for the Christian Life

Greeting, Thanksgiving and Prayer Philippians 1:1 Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus, To all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the overseers and deacons: 2 Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

Thanksgiving and Prayer 3 I thank my God in all my remembrance of you, 4 always in every prayer of mine for you all making my prayer with joy, 5 because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now. 6 And I am sure of this, that he who began a good work in you will bring it to completion at the day of Jesus Christ. 7 It is right for me to feel this way about you all, because I hold you in my heart, for you are all partakers with me of grace, both in my imprisonment and in the defense and confirmation of the gospel. 8 For God is my witness, how I yearn for you all with the affection of Christ Jesus. 9 And it is my prayer that your love may abound more and more, with knowledge and all discernment, 10 so that you may approve what is excellent, and so be pure and blameless for the day of Christ, 11 filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God.

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Php 1:1–11.

Remember, Paul is writing while under house arrest in Rome

Notice how Paul does not identify himself as an apostle – this is one indication that this was a more personal letter

Notice that grace precedes genuine peace

Paul obviously loves the church at Philippi – he joyfully prayed for them for years after his last visit

“God gives us grace for the ‘what is’ in our lives and not the ‘what ifs’” – Jeff Kinkade – Lead Pastor at City Church in Evansville, IN.

When we lead people to Christ, we have a special relationship with them and an enduring love for them

When Paul thought about the Philippians it brought joy to his whole being (heart)

Agape love (God’s unconditional love) is the key to real knowledge and discernment which are necessary to live the Christian life faithfully and joyfully

True knowledge and discernment comes from studying God’s word

Most of the choices that a spiritual believer faces are not between morally good and morally evil things but between things of lesser and greater value. The things that we choose because we love them reflect how discerning our love really is.2 – Tom Constable

Our righteousness comes from God alone; therefore, God must receive all of the glory

God’s righteousness should produce fruit in our lives (Gal. 5:22-23)

http://citychurchevv.com/


Spreading the Gospel in spite of distractions Philippians 1:12 I want you to know, brothers, that what has happened to me has really served to advance the gospel, 13 so that it has become known throughout the whole imperial guard and to all the rest that my imprisonment is for Christ. 14 And most of the brothers, having become confident in the Lord by my imprisonment, are much more bold to speak the word without fear.

15 Some indeed preach Christ from envy and rivalry, but others from good will. 16 The latter do it out of love, knowing that I am put here for the defense of the gospel. 17 The former proclaim Christ out of selfish ambition, not sincerely but thinking to afflict me in my imprisonment. 18 What then? Only that in every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is proclaimed, and in that I rejoice.

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Php 1:12–18a.

Paul’s joy comes from knowing that they are serving the Lord by continuously spreading the Gospel

The Gospel is the good news about Jesus, His bodily sacrifice for our sins and His resurrection from the dead. This is God’s message of salvation for and to us

Paul is a believer in “progressive sanctification” where the Holy Spirit is continuously at work in the lives of believers conforming them to the image of Jesus Christ

When Paul uses the phrase, “I want you to know” he is about to introduce something very important

Paul never stopped preaching the Gospel – even when he was in prison!

Paul’s imprisonment led to many people coming to Christ. How would you have liked to be the guard chained to Paul?

Two groups had received the apostle’s witness, the praetorian guard and many other people. The praetorian guard probably refers to the soldiers who were members of the regiment assigned to guard many of the high-ranking officials in the Roman government. These soldiers were also responsible to guard prisoners who had appealed to Caesar such as Paul. It was an honor to be one of these guards. They would have been with Paul in his hired house where he was under house arrest 24 hours a day (cf. Acts 28:30–31). Paul had the opportunity to witness to many of these high-ranking soldiers, and he viewed this as a great blessing.3 – Tom Constable

From his own experiences Paul wanted the believers at Philippi to learn an important truth: there are no accidents with God. Instead of Paul’s ministry being curtailed because of his bondage, it was being advanced.4 – Robert Lightner

Paul’s relationship to Christ, not just his service for Christ, was what had become known. People had become aware of Paul’s personal relationship with the Savior because he had shared his testimony with them.5 – Tom Constable

NOTHING can stop God’s work, but we can let our circumstances slow it down if we allow them to

Paul’s actions reflected his message so his converts were very bold in their faith

Persecution is like fertilizer for the Gospel when we handle it well

Love for God and others should be our motive for spreading the Gospel – not our self-promotion

However, some people do the right things for the wrong reasons

Seeing other believers suffer is not an indication that God is not using them to advance His kingdom


We should not view other’s suffering as an indication that we are doing something better because we are not suffering

Our joy should be on the mere fact that Christ is being truly proclaimed– not on who is spreading it or what their motives are for spreading it (see Mark 9:38-41).

Paul’s aim for living Philippians 1:18b Yes, and I will rejoice, 19 for I know that through your prayers and the help of the Spirit of Jesus Christ this will turn out for my deliverance, 20 as it is my eager expectation and hope that I will not be at all ashamed, but that with full courage now as always Christ will be honored in my body, whether by life or by death. 21 For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain. 22 If I am to live in the flesh, that means fruitful labor for me. Yet which I shall choose I cannot tell. 23 I am hard pressed between the two. My desire is to depart and be with Christ, for that is far better. 24 But to remain in the flesh is more necessary on your account. 25 Convinced of this, I know that I will remain and continue with you all, for your progress and joy in the faith, 26 so that in me you may have ample cause to glory in Christ Jesus, because of my coming to you again.


Paul knew that his deliverance would come either in life or in death

In her study on Daniel, Beth Moore teaches that God delivers people from their trials in one of three ways:6

1. From the fire – Builds our faith (This is the one we all want!) 2. Through the fire (As He did Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego – see

Daniel 3.) – Refines our faith 3. By the fire (Directly into His glorious presence) – Perfects our faith

Paul asked for prayers for strength and boldness to complete his work

Paul did not care as much if he lived or died, but that he glorified Christ through his life or death

Appreciation for Christ motivated all that he did. His present enablement through the Spirit was the source of his strength. The prospect of seeing Jesus Christ and standing before Him one day drew him and constituted the goal for all he did. Many people today, if they were honest, would have to say that for them to live is money, fame, happiness, family, or any of a multitude of idols. However, Jesus Christ was the sun around which Paul’s life orbited.7 – Tom Constable

From Paul’s statements here and in 2 Corinthians 5:6-8 it is clear that he did not believe in purgatory or soul sleep

Paul saw benefits in both life and death

What was Paul’s choice? o No one knows. However, many Roman citizens preferred suicide over

capital punishment. Why? Because if you were executed by the state you lost all of your property. If you committed suicide your family retained your property. While we cannot say this was what Paul was contemplating, it is nonetheless a possibility. Would a religious Jewish person actually consider this? Apparently the answer to this question is, “yes”. Remember that 960 Jews at Masada choose suicide over capture in AD 73.

Paul cared deeply for the Philippians and knew that he could serve them as long as he was alive and able. Paul’s motives for living were not selfish!

Paul’s joy came from seeing the Philippians progress in their walk with the Lord


Statements in the Pastoral Epistles as well as in the writings of some of the early church fathers indicate that Nero released Paul from his first Roman imprisonment in 62 A.D. The apostle resumed his missionary labors and returned to Macedonia and probably to Philippi. However, the Romans arrested him again, imprisoned him in Rome a second time, and then executed him as a martyr there in 68 A.D. If this information is true, he probably did contribute to the spiritual progress and joy of the Philippians as he said he hoped he could here.8 – Tom Constable

Be worthy Philippians 1:27 Only let your manner of life be worthy of the gospel of Christ, so that whether I come and see you or am absent, I may hear of you that you are standing firm in one spirit, with one mind striving side by side for the faith of the gospel, 28 and not frightened in anything by your opponents. This is a clear sign to them of their destruction, but of your salvation, and that from God. 29 For it has been granted to you that for the sake of Christ you should not only believe in him but also suffer for his sake, 30 engaged in the same conflict that you saw I had and now hear that I still have.


Paul’s main concern for the Philippians was not that they avoid persecution. His main concern was that they conducted themselves in a way that was worthy of the Gospel of Jesus Christ

Paul was also concerned that they were united as a body of believers

Paul did not want the Philippians to get distracted by their opponents

God will deal with our opponents – either in this life or in the life to come.

Notice the language Paul uses to describe the Philippians suffering – it has been granted to them (see James 1:2-4)

Suffering for the sake of the Gospel is a privilege! (Matthew 5:10-12; 2 Timothy 3:12; 1 Peter 3:14-15)

All believers have received a gracious gift from God. It is the privilege of suffering for Jesus Christ. Few Christians view suffering for their testimony as a blessing, but that is really what it is. Suffering is one of the tools God uses to mold his children into vessels that bring glory to His Son (cf. James 1:3–4; 1 Pet. 1:6–7). Suffering even perfected the Lord Jesus (Heb. 2:10).9 – Tom Constable

Discussion Question

What does the first chapter of Philippians teach us about living joyfully?

Lessons for Life Participate in the spreading of the Gospel

Love others the same way God loves you

Look beyond your present circumstances

Live what you say you believe

Share what God has done for you with others

Put God’s glory ahead of your own

Rejoice when Christ is proclaimed regardless of who does it or what their motives are

Put others above yourself

Live in unity with other believers


Examples for the Christian Life

Love others as much as you love yourself Philippians 2:1 So if there is any encouragement in Christ, any comfort from love, any participation in the Spirit, any affection and sympathy, 2 complete my joy by being of the same mind, having the same love, being in full accord and of one mind. 3 Do nothing from selfish ambition or conceit, but in humility count others more significant than yourselves. 4 Let each of you look not only to his own interests, but also to the interests of others. 5 Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, 6 who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, 7 but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. 8 And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. 9 Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, 10 so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, 11 and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.


In the Greek, the “if’s” are first-class conditions. This means that the answer to question is assumed to be true

Paul listed four reasons for being submissive to God and to each other: 1. Because Jesus commanded it 2. Because of Paul’s example of love 3. Because of the fellowship of the Holy Spirit 4. Because of the affection compassion of God

The unity of the Philippians brought Paul joy

The unity of believers should make us joyful too!

Why is unity so important? So the Gospel can be spread without distractions!

Paul encouraged the believers in Philippi to place each other’s needs about their own

Imagine how our society would be different if we did the same!

Empty yourself Philippians 2:5 Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, 6 who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, 7 but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. 8 And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. 9 Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, 10 so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, 11 and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.


Can you imagine the Creator of the universe taking off his “royal robes”, stepping off of His throne, and coming to live with us in order to suffer and die?


Christ’s humiliation included His making Himself nothing, taking the very nature (morphē) of a servant, and being made in human likeness (v. 7). These statements indicate that Christ became a man, a true human being. The words “made Himself nothing” are, literally, “He emptied Himself.” “Emptied,” from the Greek kenoō, points to the divesting of His self-interests, but not of His deity. “The very nature of a servant” certainly points to His lowly and humble position, His willingness to obey the Father, and serve others. He became a man, a true human being. “Likeness” suggests similarity but difference. Though His humanity was genuine, He was different from all other humans in that He was sinless (Heb. 4:15).10 – Robert Lightner

What did Jesus “empty” Himself of? o His deity? – No! o Some of His attributes and/or powers as God? – No! o His royal privileges - Maybe o He voluntarily chose not to exercise some of his rights, attributes and/or

powers while He was on earth – Probably. Those of us with children do this all of the time. How often have you let your child “win” at something that you could easily dominate simply because chose not to exercise your abilities?

Empting may not refer to Jesus empting Himself of anything. Instead it could mean that Jesus gave 100% of Himself to serve humanity - He gave us His all

Jesus’ “humiliation” and suffering on the cross led to His high exaltation by the Father

Jesus became a bond-servant (see John 13:1-17)

One day EVERYONE will acknowledge Jesus as Lord

Verbal confession of Jesus’ lordship will accompany symbolic physical submission. Every being that has a tongue and can do so will acknowledge Jesus as Lord. The affirmation, “Jesus Christ is Lord,” was the earliest confessional formula of the church (cf. Acts 2:36; Rom. 10:9; 1 Cor. 11:23; 12:3; 16:22). God will by this universal confession receive glory. Jesus Christ’s purpose is, always has been, and always will be to glorify the Father (1 Cor. 15:27).11 – Tom Constable

The exaltation of Jesus Christ is as much a motivation for the Christian to live a life of submissive humility as is His incarnation. God will reward a life of self-denial now in the future. That is the obvious implication of Paul’s illustration.

Is it not selfish to serve the Lord for a reward? Was it selfish for Jesus to endure what He did because He knew He would receive a reward? Motivation is the key. If we submit to God and to one another for the glory of God rather than for selfish glory, as Jesus did, our motivation is correct.12 – Tom Constable


Contrast Between a Helper and a Servant

Helper Servant

A helper helps others when it is convenient. A servant serves others even when it is inconvenient.

A helper helps people that he or she likes. A servant serves even people that he or she dislikes.

A helper helps when he or she enjoys the work. A servant serves even when he or she dislikes the work.

A helper helps when the circumstances are convenient.

A servant serves even when the circumstances are inconvenient.

A helper helps with a view to obtaining personal satisfaction.

A servant serves even when he or she receives no personal satisfaction.

A helper helps with an attitude of assisting another.

A servant serves with an attitude of enabling another.

Source: Tom Constable Study Notes on the Bible13

Jesus was a servant…

Are you?

Be a light to the world of Christ’s love Philippians 2:12 Therefore, my beloved, as you have always obeyed, so now, not only as in my presence but much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling, 13 for it is God who works in you, both to will and to work for his good pleasure.

14 Do all things without grumbling or disputing, 15 that you may be blameless and innocent, children of God without blemish in the midst of a crooked and twisted generation, among whom you shine as lights in the world, 16 holding fast to the word of life, so that in the day of Christ I may be proud that I did not run in vain or labor in vain. 17 Even if I am to be poured out as a drink offering upon the sacrificial offering of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with you all. 18 Likewise you also should be glad and rejoice with me.


Paul commended the Philippians for staying obedient even when he was not present. This was a mark of their maturity

What does it mean to “work out your salvation?” o Work for your salvation? – No! (see Ephesians 2:8) o Work so you won’t lose your salvation? – No! (see Phil. 1:6; Eph. 1:13-14;

2:8-9; Rom. 8:30-39; John 10:28-30; 1 Pet. 1:3-5) o Work for God as a natural fruit of the salvation you possess? – Yes (see

James 2:18-26) o Work hand-in-hand with the Holy Spirit to progress your sanctification? –

Yes

The Holy Spirit is who encourages, rebukes and leads us progressively toward spiritual maturity (sanctification)


Because of this our spiritual growth brings God glory – not ourselves!

What are we to do without grumbling and complaining? o EVERYTHING!

The Philippians were lights to their spiritually dark world. Likewise, we should be lights to our spiritually dark world (Matt. 5:14-16)

How can we be spiritual lights? One way is by holding fast to the Word of God (i.e. Scripture)

Notice how the Philippians brought Paul joy even in the midst of his suffering for them

Paul encouraged the Philippians to likewise be joyful as they suffered for their relationship with the Lord

Our joy should be external – we are to share it with those around us

Timothy and Epaphroditus Philippians 2:19 I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy to you soon, so that I too may be cheered by news of you. 20 For I have no one like him, who will be genuinely concerned for your welfare. 21 For they all seek their own interests, not those of Jesus Christ. 22 But you know Timothy’s proven worth, how as a son with a father he has served with me in the gospel. 23 I hope therefore to send him just as soon as I see how it will go with me, 24 and I trust in the Lord that shortly I myself will come also.


Paul planned on sending Timothy – his spiritual protégé – to care for the Philippians

Paul knew that they could trust Timothy because his motives would be pure

Another lesson to be learned from Paul’s sending Timothy is the need for selflessness. Timothy was close to Paul and dear to his heart. If Paul ever needed Timothy, it was while he was there in Rome under house arrest. Yet he was willing to sacrifice Timothy’s companionship so that others could be helped.14 – Robert Lightner

There are some people who claim to have our best interests at heart, when in actuality they are only looking out for themselves

Paul wanted to go back and visit the Philippians, but he understood that that possibility ultimately rested on the Lord’s sovereign will and Paul trusted that the Lord would make this trip possible if it was according to His will

Philippians 2:25 I have thought it necessary to send to you Epaphroditus my brother and fellow worker and fellow soldier, and your messenger and minister to my need, 26 for he has been longing for you all and has been distressed because you heard that he was ill. 27 Indeed he was ill, near to death. But God had mercy on him, and not only on him but on me also, lest I should have sorrow upon sorrow. 28 I am the more eager to send him, therefore, that you may rejoice at seeing him again, and that I may be less anxious. 29 So receive him in the Lord with all joy, and honor such men, 30 for he nearly died for the work of Christ, risking his life to complete what was lacking in your service to me.



The Philippians had sent Epaphroditus to care for Paul, but he became ill and could not serve Paul. Therefore, Paul sent him back to the Philippians with his gratitude and blessing

Epaphroditus was apparently very ill – in fact he almost died

However, the Lord spared Epaphroditus’ life and spared Paul from more sorrow

God is merciful to us all!

Apparently Paul was concerned that the Philippians may have been critical of Epaphroditus when he returned since he was unable to fulfill his intended role of caring for Paul. However, Paul wanted them to joyfully welcome Epaphroditus back

The attitude of our hearts is the most important thing

Paul does lightly rebuke the Philippians in v30. Maybe because they delayed in sending someone to minister to Paul sooner.

When God calls us to do something, we should not hesitate

Paul’s emphasis in chapter 2 was on the importance of unity and its necessary prerequisite, humility. For there to be true partnership in the work of the gospel there must be unity among the workers. The key to achieving unity is for each believer to adopt the humble mind of Christ.15 – Tom Constable

Discussion Question

What does the second chapter of Philippians teach us about living joyfully?

Lessons for Life

Be united with other believers in seeing God’s kingdom and agenda advanced

Look out for the interests of others and put them above your own – or at least on the same level as your own

Follow Jesus’ example of humility (if you want to be exalted by God – Luke 1:52; James 4:6-10; 1 Peter 5:5-6)

Do not grumble or complain – especially about petty things

Hold fast to the Word of God

Honor those who put their lives on the line for the sake of the Gospel

Be quick to obey the call of God


Exhortations for Living the Christian Life

The true source of righteousness Philippians 3:1 Finally, my brothers, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same things to you is no trouble to me and is safe for you.

2 Look out for the dogs, look out for the evildoers, look out for those who mutilate the flesh. 3 For we are the circumcision, who worship by the Spirit of God and glory in Christ Jesus and put no confidence in the flesh— 4 though I myself have reason for confidence in the flesh also. If anyone else thinks he has reason for confidence in the flesh, I have more: 5 circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the law, a Pharisee; 6 as to zeal, a persecutor of the church; as to righteousness under the law, blameless.


Paul called on believers to rejoice in the Lord. The word “rejoice” appears several times in the epistle (1:18 [twice]; 2:17–18 [twice]; 3:1; 4:4 [twice], 10). It seems from this repeated emphasis that the Philippian Christians needed this word. Most of God’s people need this challenge often. It is easy for believers to let circumstances discourage them. The cure for discouragement is to rivet one’s attention on the Lord and rejoice in Him.16 – Robert Lightner

Isn’t it interesting that Paul – the prisoner – had to encourage those who were free?

Paul knew that redundancy was the key to learning and comprehension

Apparently there were some Judaizers at Philippi who glorified in the flesh. Paul exhorted the Philippians to glorify in Jesus alone

Paul taught here and in other places that external circumcision had no value – only circumcision of the heart

Very few, if any, could match Paul’s credentials as a Jew; however, Paul is about to make a very important point about the worth of these credentials…

Philippians 3:7 But whatever gain I had, I counted as loss for the sake of Christ. 8 Indeed, I count everything as loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. For his sake I have suffered the loss of all things and count them as rubbish, in order that I may gain Christ 9 and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which comes through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God that depends on faith— 10 that I may know him and the power of his resurrection, and may share his sufferings, becoming like him in his death, 11 that by any means possible I may attain the resurrection from the dead.


Paul taught the Philippians that anything he was or had accomplished were meaningless, counted as nothing – rubbish!

The Greek word translated as “rubbish” (“dung” in some translations) is sku-ba-la. The NET Bible note on verse 8 states: “The word here translated “dung” was often used in Greek as a vulgar term for fecal matter. As such it would most likely have had a certain shock value for the readers. This may well be Paul’s meaning here, especially since the context is about what the flesh produces.”17

For Paul Christ was everything and any meaning or value he saw in himself was a direct result of what Christ had done in his life

Our righteousness is only found in Christ!


Our future hope is only found in Christ!

We can rejoice greatly in Christ’s suffering, death and resurrection because He paved and paid the way for our future resurrection

Without the resurrection we would be hopeless (1 Corinthians 15:12-13)

Like most 'religious' people today, Paul had enough morality to keep him out of trouble, but not enough righteousness to get him into heaven! It was not bad things that kept Paul away from Jesus—it was good things! He had to lose his 'religion' to find salvation.18 – Warren Wiersbe

Press on! Philippians 3:12 Not that I have already obtained this or am already perfect, but I press on to make it my own, because Christ Jesus has made me his own. 13 Brothers, I do not consider that I have made it my own. But one thing I do: forgetting what lies behind and straining forward to what lies ahead, 14 I press on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus. 15 Let those of us who are mature think this way, and if in anything you think otherwise, God will reveal that also to you. 16 Only let us hold true to what we have attained.


Notice again the doctrine of progressive sanctification

Paul told the Philippians that he had to “press on” – we must do the same

No doubt the greatest need among God’s people is to live up to what they already have in Christ. Most live far below their exalted position in Christ. Paul’s plea to the Philippians was that they live up to what they had already attained, namely a righteous position in Christ.19 – Robert Lightner

“Perfect” (NASB) means “mature” (NIV, Gr. teleios). It does not mean sinless. In verse 12 Paul used the same root word and claimed he was not perfect. Probably there he meant that he was not absolutely perfect or mature, and here he meant that he was relatively mature compared to the immature. He may have been using “perfect” here somewhat ironically.20 – Tom Constable

Follow the leader Philippians 3:17 Brothers, join in imitating me, and keep your eyes on those who walk according to the example you have in us. 18 For many, of whom I have often told you and now tell you even with tears, walk as enemies of the cross of Christ. 19 Their end is destruction, their god is their belly, and they glory in their shame, with minds set on earthly things. 20 But our citizenship is in heaven, and from it we await a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, 21 who will transform our lowly body to be like his glorious body, by the power that enables him even to subject all things to himself.

Philippians 4:1 Therefore, my brothers, whom I love and long for, my joy and crown, stand firm thus in the Lord, my beloved.

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Php 3:17–4:1.

Paul was broken hearted when people rejected the true gospel

Paul described the “false teachers” three ways: 1. “Their god is their stomach” – they were hedonistic gluttons 2. “Their glory is their shame” – they sought to exalt themselves and not

God 3. “Their mind is on earthly things” – They were not eternally focused


Paul instructed the Philippians that their focus was to be an eternal one and not on self-satisfaction or self-gratification

One day we will have glorified bodies like Jesus! – Paul encouraged the Philippians to eagerly await this as their ultimate reward

Paul knew that his “jewel’s and crowns” were the people he helped lead to the Lord

Paul knew how to lay up treasure for himself in Heaven!

Discussion Question

What does the third chapter of Philippians teach us about living joyfully?

Lessons for Life Beware of false teachers who can steal your joy

Rejoice in Jesus’ resurrection because one day we will be resurrected as well

Keep pressing on in your Christian walk – never give up!

Follow the godly example of others and be a godly example to others

Focus on the eternal – not on self-gratification and self-satisfaction

Do not make yourself the object of glory – you will eventually let yourself down

Look up for our redemption is drawing near!


Tools for Living the Christian Life

Rebuking when necessary Philippians 4:2 I entreat Euodia and I entreat Syntyche to agree in the Lord. 3 Yes, I ask you also, true companion, help these women, who have labored side by side with me in the gospel together with Clement and the rest of my fellow workers, whose names are in the book of life.


When we have disagreements with other believers we must remember that we share the most important thing – our relationship with the Lord

Paul encouraged the Philippians to help restore the relationship between Euodia and Syntyche – we should do the same to help unite other believers when there is a problem

Unanimity in the church is not always possible, but unity is. 21 - Tom Constable

Unity must be a priority for believers – otherwise, what message do we send a lost and dying world?

Rejoice always Philippians 4:4 Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, rejoice. 5 Let your reasonableness be known to everyone. The Lord is at hand; 6 do not be anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. 7 And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.


Sometimes the trials and pressures of life make it almost impossible to be happy. But Paul did not tell his readers to be happy. He encouraged them to rejoice in the Lord. In fact, he said it twice in verse 4 (cf. 3:1; 1 Thes. 5:16). Christ is the One in whom the sphere of rejoicing was to take place. Surely there are many circumstances in which Christians cannot be happy. But they can always rejoice in the Lord and delight in Him. Paul himself was an excellent example of one who had inner joy when external circumstances—such as persecution, imprisonment, the threat of death—were against him.22 – Robert Lightner

Paul was not urging us to be unrealistic. He was not saying that we should never feel sad. Even Jesus wept (John 11:35). However, he was advocating focusing on the blessings we have in Christ and being grateful for these regardless of how sad we may feel at any particular time.23 – Tom Constable

When are we to rejoice in the Lord? – Always!

Worrying indicates that we have a “God complex” because we are trying to control things that only God can control

Don’t worry – pray often!

Unconditional faith and trust in God leads to unimaginable peace

Paul encouraged the Philippians to be gentle with everyone

Gentleness does not imply weakness; however, it does imply selflessness

Our joy oftentimes is only seen through our actions

Be careful of your examples to others – especially younger Christians


Howard Hendricks identified Philippians 4:2-6 as a “5-part recipe for conflict resolution”24

1. Rejoice in the Lord – Get beyond yourself and look to the Lord 2. Let your gentleness be evident to all – Speak kindly to each other 3. Do not be anxious – Relax and give it all to God 4. Be thankful – Expressing gratitude for our blessings gives us a healthy

perspective of the situation 5. Present your requests to God – Prayer aligns our heart to God’s heart and

restores our peace

Keep your focus pure Philippians 4:8 Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is commendable, if there is any excellence, if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things. 9 What you have learned and received and heard and seen in me—practice these things, and the God of peace will be with you.


Think on things that are pure… (Garbage in – Garbage out)

Learn from the example that truly godly people demonstrate

Focus on God and not on your circumstances 10 I rejoiced in the Lord greatly that now at length you have revived your concern for me. You were indeed concerned for me, but you had no opportunity. 11 Not that I am speaking of being in need, for I have learned in whatever situation I am to be content. 12 I know how to be brought low, and I know how to abound. In any and every circumstance, I have learned the secret of facing plenty and hunger, abundance and need. 13 I can do all things through him who strengthens me. The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Php 4:10–13.

Paul rejoiced in the fact that the Philippians were concerned about him

Paul did not let his circumstances dictate his joy because his joy was found in the Lord

Whatever circumstance Paul found himself in – regardless of if all of his needs were being met or not – Paul understood that his strength came from Jesus alone

Every Christian needs to learn to be content. Evidently when Paul urged his readers to rejoice in the Lord always (v. 4) he was preaching what he practiced (vv. 5–8). The apostle’s contentment and joy even in prison indicate his spiritual maturity, and it challenges us all.25 – Tom Constable

Paul did not consider himself to be an independent, self-made man. Instead he saw himself as fully dependent on Jesus Christ. It was only through Jesus’ supernatural empowerment that Paul had strength. Everything else to Paul was “skubala” (dung).


Help others in need Philippians 4:14 Yet it was kind of you to share my trouble. 15 And you Philippians yourselves know that in the beginning of the gospel, when I left Macedonia, no church entered into partnership with me in giving and receiving, except you only. 16 Even in Thessalonica you sent me help for my needs once and again. 17 Not that I seek the gift, but I seek the fruit that increases to your credit. 18 I have received full payment, and more. I am well supplied, having received from Epaphroditus the gifts you sent, a fragrant offering, a sacrifice acceptable and pleasing to God. 19 And my God will supply every need of yours according to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus. 20 To our God and Father be glory forever and ever. Amen.


Paul recognized that the Philippians joyfully gave to him

Giving joyfully to others – especially when we have unmet needs – brings glory to God and lays up for ourselves treasure in heaven

God owns everything and he will bless those who give by making sure all of their needs are met

God knows what we need more than we do!

Why do so many Christians suffer because they lack food, clothing, or money in view of this promise? Perhaps it is because some of our greatest needs are not material. To meet these needs God sometimes does not make us rich or even financially comfortable. Remember too that God gave this promise to generous and sacrificial givers. We may be able to think of examples that appear to be exceptions to this promise. However, I believe if we could see things from God’s perspective we would realize that God has been completely faithful to His Word.26 – Tom Constable

Paul wraps up the main content of the letter by giving glory to the only One who deserves it – God

Discussion Question

What does the fourth chapter of Philippians teach us about living joyfully?

Lessons for Life Help restore the unity of believers

Rejoice in the Lord always!

Be gentle with others

Don’t worry – Pray and trust God!

Be content with your circumstances as long as you are serving where God wants you and looking to Him for your strength

Put your faith into action

Trust God completely in good times and bad

Give to others in need in order to glorify God

Glorify God in all of your speech and actions


Final Greeting Philippians 4:21 Greet every saint in Christ Jesus. The brothers who are with me greet you. 22 All the saints greet you, especially those of Caesar’s household. 23 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.



References 1 Gordon D. Fee, Paul’s Letter to the Philippians.The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Ed. Ned B.

Stonehouse, F.F.Bruce, Gordon Fee. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1995), pp. 52-53.

2 Tom Constable, Tom Constable’s Expository Notes on the Bible (Galaxie Software, 2003), Php 1:10.


4 Robert P. Lightner, Philippians, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of

the Scriptures, vol. 2 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 650.


6 Beth Moore, Daniel – Lives of Integrity, Words of Prophecy (Nashville, TN: Lifeway Press), 66.













the Scriptures, vol. 2 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 658–659.

17 Biblical Studies Press, The NET Bible First Edition; Bible. English. NET Bible.; The NET Bible (Biblical Studies Press, 2006).

18 Warren Wiersby, By Joyful (Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook), 81.









24 Howard Hendricks, Color Outside the Lines: A Revolutionary Approach to Leadership (Nashville, TN: W Publishing

Group, 1998), 96.



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