Unofficial Errata New

8/17/2019 Unofficial Errata New

1/194

Practical Electronics for Inventors, Third Edition, published 2013

Authors: Paul Scherz Si!on "on#

Unofficial ERRATA

This errata contains a list of all the errors in the third edition #no$n to !e% So!e of these errors $ere

reported b& !e!bers of the EE'blo(, and so!e I found on !& o$n% In addition, I)ve chec#ed the

correspondin( pa(es on the third edition a(ainst the errors that $ere ori(inall& reported in the errata

for the second edition co!piled at *uc#nell +niversit& b& "artin i(are% A lar(e nu!ber of the errors

identified in this unofficial errata are errors ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell errata that $eren)t

addressed in the third edition% -ote that I)ve found a fe$ errors in chan(es inspired b& the *uc#nell

errata that $ere either $ron( or caused additional errors% I)ve also included the list of errors published

on the official errata for the third edition available at the "c.ra$/ill $eb site% ere a(ain, I)ve found a

fe$ of these corrections to be in error or inco!plete% So!e of the ite!s in this unofficial errata are not

necessaril& errors, rather, the& are su((estions that in !& opinion $ould i!prove the tet%

At the end of this P I)ve have included a cop& of the corrected pa(es that I created for !& personal

cop& of the third edition% 4eep in !ind that these are !& version of the $a& these corrections should be

i!ple!ented and are not connected to or sanctioned b& the authors or the publisher% Please addressan& co!!ents, su((estions, or additions to To!5 6retired -578ATT 5urriculu! Anal&st9% ou can

contact !e throu(h the EE'blo( foru! topic: Practical Electronics for Inventors, 3rd b& postin( a repl&,

or via P" if direct contact is necessar&% This docu!ent $as last updated ece!ber ;, 201%?%2 *asic @peration >22 >21

>%=%1 Inte(rated @ptoisolators >23 >22

P(% vii: %>%22 Electronic 5A Pro(ra!s ;20 ;30

P(% viii: 5APTE7 10 @scillators and Ti!ers ;?< ;?3

P(% : 13%


2/194

Exlanation:

The tet specifies 3s and 2A, the fi(ure specifies 2s and 3A% The total char(e

is the sa!e in either case, but it $ould be better if the tet and the fi(ure $ere

consistent%

Pg. !: Exa"le 2 answer:

Correct the following sentence:

or ea!ple, if t 1, the current $ould be 0%1< 0%>;2A% At t 3 s, the current $ould

be /0%> G0%=;A, H%%

Exlanation:

The solution steps (iven for the derivative, $hich involve usin( the 5hain 7uleJ, are onl&

valid if 10008s is a value in radians% The ans$er (iven 60%1A9 is correct for

1000 de(rees8s, but to arrive at this ans$er usin( the (iven solution steps the value

1000 de(rees8s $ould have to be epressed in radians 61%3 radians8s9%

Pg. !: #ast aragrah:

Relace the following sentences:

Khen the s$itch is open 6LoffL9, no current $ill flo$% The !o!ent the s$itch is

closed, ho$ever, the resistance of the s$itch falls to al!ost zero, and current $ill

flo$%

Khen the s$itch is open 6LoffL9, the batter& is che!icall& inactive% The !o!ent the

s$itch is closed, ho$ever, the batter&)s volta(e causes electrons to flo$ $hich in

turn causes the batter& to beco!e che!icall& active practicall& instantaneousl&%

Exlanation:The crossed out sentences are a *uc#nell errata inspired correction to the ori(inal

sentences in the Second Edition, $hich read:

Khen the s$itch is open 6LoffL9, the batter& (enerates no volta(e across its

ter!inals% The !o!ent the s$itch is closed, ho$ever, the batter& practicall&

instantaneousl& (enerates a volta(e%

Althou(h the crossed out sentences !a#e the state!ent technicall& correct, in !&

opinion, the& don)t do Bustice to the author)s ori(inal line of thou(ht% In addition,

since there is no !ention of volta(eJ, the net sentence, $hich starts $ith This

volta(e H%J, beco!es rather puzzlin( since there is no clear connection to the

volta(eJ it refers to% In !& opinion, the su((ested sentences are a !ore suitablereplace!ent:

Technical $ote: The volta(e present $hen the s$itch is open is called the

eDuilibriu! or open circuit volta(e% It can be calculated usin( the -ernst eDuation

$hich ta#es into account the nu!ber of electrons echan(ed bet$een the redo and

oidation che!ical reaction in the batter&% o$ever, since the electrons have

no$here to (o the che!ical reaction stops $hen this volta(e is reached%


3/194

Pg. %&: To of the age:


Static electricit& is considered a nuisance in electrons electronics, not a source of useful

po$er%

Exlanation: 7eported on the official errata%

Pg. 23: Figure 2.%8:

Correct the figure as follows:

The (raph line labels InsulatorsJ and 5onductorsJ should be s$itched%

Exlanation:

The eistin( (raph indicates that in a conductor a lar(e current is reDuired to

produce a s!all current and that in an insulator a s!all volta(e produces a lar(ecurrent% This is incorrect, s$itchin( the labels as su((ested above rectifies the

proble!% 7eported b& cd$ilson%


4/194

Pg. 2': Figure 2.%!:


In the top/ri(ht bo, the units for the 5urrent ensit& in the 12/(au(e colu!n should

be A8!2% In the botto!/ri(ht bo, the s&!bols for 5onductivit&J and 7esistivit&J

should be s$itched% The $ords 5onductivit&J and 7esistivit&J should also bes$itched%

Exlanation:

"ost of this $as reported on the official errata% The onl& addition is s$itchin( the

$ords 5onductivit&J and 7esistivit&J%

$ote: The copper article in Ki#ipedia (ives resistivit& at 20M5 as 1;%? n O !% The⋅

nor!alized value is 1%;? Q 10G? O !% The conductivit& is the reciprocal of the⋅

resistivit& $hich &ields 0%0>=;n 6O !9⋅ R1% The nor!alized value is

>%=; Q 10 6O !9⋅ R1%

Pg. 3': E(uations 2.%%) 2.%2) an* +Te"erature ,ra*ient- e(uation:

Correct the e(uations as follows:

Exlanation:

Proble!s $ith eDuation 2%11 and the te!perature (radient eDuation $ere ori(inall&

reported in the *uc#nell errata%


5/194

$ote: The author briefl& overvie$s these eDuations for bac#(round but states that a

si!pler version, ED% 2%12, is his choice for this boo#% -evertheless, it $ould be better if

the eDuations $ere correct even thou(h the& are not (oin( to be used in this boo#%

EDuation 2%11 The *uc#nell errata su((ests that eDuation 2%11 should be replaced $ith

the differential for! of ourier)s a$ of conduction b& replacin( the left hand side of the

eDuation $ith ⃗q $hich represents the local heat fluJ also called heat flu densit&J:

⃗q = −k ∇ T

Althou(h this chan(e $ould produce a correct eDuation, note that this for! of the

eDuation &ields the heat rate per unit area $hich is a vectorial Duantit&% or this reason,

in !& opinion, this chan(e doesn)t !atch the author)s eplanation Bust above the

eDuation% In addition, this chan(e i(nores that the ori(inal eDuation $as supposed to

&ield Pheat % A Duantit& that the author defines as the rate of heat transfer, or po$er due

to heatin(L at one point, and as ther!al current 6heat flo$9J at the top of pa(e 3% This

co!bined $ith the ori(inal left hand side of the eDuation

P heat = dQ H

dt =

$hich !atches the left hand side of the inte(ral for! of ourier)s la$, leads !e to

believe that the author)s intent $as to use the inte(ral for!% The inte(ral for! &ields

the Lheat rateL throu(h a bod& as a $hole, a scalar Duantit& that !atches the author)s

definition of Pheat % So, in !& opinion, the inte(ral for! of ourier)s la$ as in the follo$in(

version is a better !atch as $ell as a correct eDuation:

P heat = dQ H

dt =−k ∮

S

⃗∇ T ⋅⃗dS

Te!perature .radient EDuation The official errata reported a correction for the

(radient eDuation% o$ever, in !& opinion, their su((estion didn)t fi all the incorrectele!ents as the& $ere ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell errata% The follo$in( version

contains all the corrections:

∇ T = (̂i ∂∂ x +̂ j ∂∂ y +̂k ∂∂ z )T EDuation 2%12 In its current for! this eDuation al$a&s &ields a ne(ative result% This

happens because in this tet UT is defined as T hot T cold% This results in a positive nu!ber

that represents the te!perature drop% This is the custo!ar& UT definition for ther!al

resistivit& eDuations such as the ones presented in this section% o$ever, this definition

is different fro! the default !athe!atics definition $hich involves subtractin( the

be(innin( point fro! the endin( point% Since heat flo$s fro! hot to cold, in our casethe default UT definition $ould be T cold T hot % EDuation 2%12 $ould &ield the correct

result in its current for! if the default definition $as used% o$ever, rather than

co!plicate thin(s $ith t$o different definitions, it $ould be easier to resolve this

proble! b& re!ovin( the ne(ative si(n on the ri(ht hand side of the eDuation as

su((ested% This approach has been used b& other authors% 7eported b& cd$ilson%


6/194

Pg. ': Figure 2.33:


.round rod should be connected to circuit in 3rd and ;th dia(ra!%


Pg. /: Figure 2.3:


The first label under the third s&!bol should be LA/Analo(%J


Pg. '3: 0econ* aragrah:

Relace the last two sentences:

Exlanation:

@n the first sentence a plus si(n 6F9 is !issin( and R


7/194

Exlanation:

Ea!ple 2 indicates 7I- is 10", the fi(ure sho$s 1"% 7eported b& 5hris%"%

Pg. '&: 0econ*1last e(uation on age:

Correct the e(uations as follows:P1R1 V 128 R1 6 '92 8 600 O9 0%0 K 0 !K


Pg. '&: Text next to figure 2.' :

Correct the text as follows:

Exlanation:

There is an alternative si!pler $a& to calculate the bleeder resistance that should

be !entioned in !& opinion% The follo$in( could be added as sho$n above:

Alternativel&, calculate the load resistance:

Rload 3'80%00=1A 330O% Then !ultipl&the result b& 10:

Rbleed Rload Q 10 330O Q 10 3300O%

Pg. '8: Close to to of age:


If the co!puted value of the resistance $ere a >00 >10 O, a >00 >10 O resistor could

be used%


Pg. /: Figure 2.8 an* calculation results throughout the age:

0tarting at the to of the age correct the text as follows:

5han(e %3#O to >%>#O in 2 places, 2%2;!A to 2%1?!A in <

places, =%' to =%?' in > places, 2%3' to 2%2' in 2 places, 1%

Correct Fig 2.8 as follows:

5han(e %3#O to >%>#O in 1 place, 2%3!A to 2%2!A in 1 place%


8/194

Exlanation:

The proble! starts $ith the calculation of parallel resistors near the top of pa(e ;0% The

ans$er (iven is


9/194


Pg. /2: 0econ* aragrah:

Correct the following sentences:

Hin the precedin( ea!ple% IR< IR


10/194

epression is 'ba % It should also be noted, that the ea!ple in this fi(ure usesconventional current flo$, as is the case on !ost other si!ilar boo#s% o$ever, part

of the co!plaint in the *uc#nell errata $as that the eDuations on this fi(ure $ere

inconsistent $ith the eDuations presented on Pa(e 12% A(ain, the eDuations are

unrelated, and since the thrust of Pa(e 12 is to define 'olta(eJ, i(ure 2% sho$s

electron current flo$% o$ever, as it should be, the eDuation is still $ritten $ith thepoints in the sa!e seDuence as the& are transversed b& conventional current flo$%

Pg. &2: Figure 2./&a to left s(uare:


Exlanation:

There are so!e t&pos in all three eDuations%

$ote: A set of free on/line calculators that can solve S&ste!s of EDuations usin(

5ra!er)s rule or other al(orith!s, !atrices, etc% is available at:

http:88!atricalc%or(8en8

Pg. &: #ast aragrah:


It is i!portant%%%$hen interruptin( interpretin( the superposition theore!%L

Exlanation:7eported on the official errata%

Pg. &': E(uations for 52 an* 5%:


The nu!erator on the I2 eDuation should read 'A F I * 7 1, and the nu!erator on the I1eDuation should read 'A I *72%

http://matrixcalc.org/en/http://matrixcalc.org/en/


11/194

Exlanation:

The ne(ative and positive si(ns on the nu!erators are incorrect%

The si(n on I1)s nu!erator $as correct on the Second Edition% o$ever, an entr& in

the *uc#nell errata identified an incorrect si(n on I2)s nu!erator% Apparentl& the

correction $as applied to the I1 nu!erator inadvertentl&%

Pg. 8% 6 %2: Figures 2.&8 6 2.%%&:

Correct the figures as follows:

Exlanation:

These fi(ures contain corrections based on the *uc#nell errata% o$ever, a fe$

thin(s could still be i!proved% irst, the vertical ais is still !issin( the ' label in one

of the fi(ures% Second, there is no definition for the variable -% A si!ple definition

such as: - nu!ber of turnsJ could be included for co!pleteness% Third, the

notation st&le and ter! arran(e!ent of the I eDuation could be !odified for

consistenc&% ourth, the an(le s&!bol on the flu eDuation could be chan(ed to the

.ree# phi s&!bol 6ϕ9 instead of the .ree# letter theta 6W9 to prevent confusion $ith

the an(le variable W in the X eDuation%


12/194

Pg. 8': Figure 2.8:


Exlanation:

The for!ula doesn)t !atch the illustration, either the for!ula or the illustration

should be chan(ed for consistenc&% The above sho$s chan(in( the for!ula:

This fi(ure contains corrections based on the *uc#nell errata% An entr& on this errata

calls the phasor illustration and the acco!pan&in( for!ula unconventional, because

it does not confor! to the co!!onl& used co!ple nu!ber representation of

sinusoidal si(nals%

Ad!ittedl&, the co!ple nu!ber representation of sinusoidal si(nals provides !an&

advanta(es in circuit anal&sis% If this !ethod $as used for this fi(ure, a proBection of

the phasor perpendicular to the real ais 6horizontal ais9 $ould have to be used to

trace the instantaneous a!plitude of the sinusoidal $avefor! as sho$n belo$:

o$ever, i(% 2%?< is not depictin( a co!ple plane% It)s purpose is to illustrate the


13/194

relationship bet$een the sine of an an(le and a sine$ave usin( a phasor dia(ra! on

a 5artesian plane% It uses a proBection of the phasor perpendicular to the vertical ais

to trace the instantaneous a!plitude of the sinusoidal $avefor!% This is eDuivalent

to the co!ple plane)s phasor proBection perpendicular to the i!a(inar& ais% As a

result the plot is a sine $ave% Scherz is not alone in usin( this t&pe of illustration to

describe an A5 $avefor!, it has been used b& !an& other authors% The for!ula

(iven in the Second Edition $as correct and did not need to be chan(ed% As it stands

no$, the eistin( for!ula doesn)t !atch the illustration%

Pg. 88 1 22': Figures 2.8/) 8&) %/) %2') %/) %/&) %/8) %& – %&3) %&') %8) 2%) 6 22:


-o chan(es reDuired in !& opinion%

Exlanation:

@n the Third Edition, the label on the vertical ais of i(ure 2%? 6pa(e =09 $as

chan(ed fro! A!plitude to "a(nitude% o$ever, on !an& si!ilar fi(ures this label

is still A!plitudeJ% Althou(h so!e !a& disa(ree, either $ord is acceptable in !&

opinion%

Throu(hout the tet and in several fi(ures on the Third Edition the $ord a!plitudeJ

has been chan(ed to $ords such as volta(eJ or !a(nitudeJ to avoid

!isinterpretation% These chan(es $ere inspired b& the *uc#nell errata% An entr& on

this errata calls Scherz)s use of the ter! a!plitudeJ non/standard because, on the

$riter)s opinion, this ter! is conventionall& used to !ean pea# a!plitudeJ%

Khile the chan(es are $elco!e to i!prove readabilit&, it $ould be hard to a(ree on

a standard or conventional !eanin( for the $ord a!plitudeJ% Althou(h pea#

a!plitudeJ or se!i/a!plitudeJ is often called the a!plitudeJ, this usa(e is not

universal, the instantaneous a!plitudeJ is also called the a!plitudeJ b& a nu!berof conte!porar& authors% It $ould be nice if the ter! a!plitudeJ $as al$a&s

Dualified $ith additional $ords, as in pea# a!plitudeJ% o$ever, in the absence of a

universal standard, different authors are free to use the alternative !eanin( the&

prefer, and readers should be a$are that the !eanin( often depends on contet%

Pg. 88: E(uation 2.2/:

Correct the e(uation as follows:

Exlanation:

This eDuation $as corrected as per the *uc#nell errata and is perfectl& functional in

its current for!% o$ever, since the tet su((ests that this for!ula $as developed

b& plu((in( in the volta(e epression, the sli(htl& different for! sho$n above !a&

be !ore appropriate to illustrate this point%


14/194

Pg. %: otto" of age:


>0'


Pg. %': Answer for Exa"le 3:


The 'J at the end of the Ans$er for Ea!ple 3 should be eli!inated%


Pg. %': Exa"le 3:

Correct the exa"le as follows:

Exlanation:

The official errata reported an error in the ea!ple 3 ans$er% o$ever, after

correctin( that error, there is still roo! for i!prove!ent%

-otice that the for!at of the !athe!atical epressions that have unit specifiers is

unconventional% This $as first reported in the *uc#nell errata% It)s a trivial !atter

since the eistin( epressions and eDuations are correct, but it $ouldn)t hurt to

chan(e the! as su((ested above to i!prove readabilit&%

Pg. %%: $ear en* of secon*1last aragrah:


In interval *5, the volta(e rises to b& 21, fro! 1 to =2%



15/194

Pg. %%2: Figure 2.%&4:


Exlanation:

@n the ais the first line should be labeled L1L instead of L0%1L%

Pg. %%2: Figure 2.%&) cation:

Correct the cation as follows:

6a9 .raph sho$in( ho$ reactance increases decreases $ith freDuenc&H


Pg. %%: 0ection 2.2.% first sentence of secon* aragrah:

Correct the sentence as follows:

As depicted in Fig. 2.110 b-c,the electric field (denoted E) of a moving …

Exlanation:

ield E is on i(% 2%110b% 7eported b& 5hris%"%

Pg. %%': Figure 2.%%e:



16/194

Exlanation:

The s&!bols at the ; o)cloc# position, E and *, as $ell as their cross product E Q *

6$ave direction9, are representative labels for the fi(ure% The set of s&!bols at the

1 o)cloc# position are spurious and should be deleted%

Pg. %%/) %22) 6 %2!: Figure 2.%%%4 6 e) Figure 2.%2) Figure 2.%2&:


Exlanation:

i(ure 2%111e contains a correction that addresses an error ori(inall& reported in the

*uc#nell errata% The errata pointed out that the field lines encirclin( the $ires at the

botto!, $here the current is directed into the pa(e, have the $ron( direction on

the!%

+nfortunatel&, the editors decided to i!ple!ent this chan(e b& reversin( the batter&

polarit&% This corrects the proble! $ith the fields !entioned in the *uc#nell errata,

but causes all the other field lines to be incorrect% So to correct this part of the

proble! it $ould be best to flip the batter& bac# to its ori(inal position and correct

the field lines as ori(inall& su((ested in the *uc#nell errata%

Also, the sa!e proble! is present on pa(e 122, i(% 2%120% In addition, on both

fi(ures, there is an etra field on the left end of the inductor that should be deleted%

There is a si!ilar proble! on pa(e 12=, i(% 2%12% In this case the illustration isvertical, so the fields $ith the $ron( field direction are on the left, and the etra

field is at the top left% In addition, the $hole coil needs to be flipped verticall& to

!atch IL)s current direction%

There is one !ore error on pa(e 11;, fi(ure 2%111b% The ne(ative si(n at the left end

of the top conductor should be replaced $ith a positive si(n%


17/194

Pg. %%!: Figure 2.%%/ 6 text rece*ing it:

A** the following text at the location shown 4elow:

Accordin( to enz)s la$, the direction of the resultin( current is such, that its

!a(netic field al$a&s opposes the chan(e in the flu that produced the E"%

Relace the existing figure 2.%%/ with the figure an* cation 4elow:

Exlanation:

i(ure 2%11; $as chan(ed to address a co!!ent ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell

errata% The co!!ent stated that i(% 2%11; $as inco!prehensible% The editor)s

correction involved deletin( the ri(ht half of the fi(ure, an illustration of enz)s a$%

This part of the fi(ure contained several errors, and since enz)s a$ is not

!entioned in the tet, I sur!ise that their thin#in( $as that deletin( it at least

$ould re!ove one roadbloc# to proper co!prehension%o$ever, in !& opinion, the fi(ure is still difficult to understand, and could benefit

fro! an eplanator& caption% I also thin# that it)s unfortunate that enz)s a$ is not

!entioned and is no lon(er included in the fi(ure% Also, the !a(netic flu for!ula in

the fi(ure, althou(h correct, could be chan(ed to a version $ithout deltas to si!plif&

the tet on the caption% The above is a version of i(% 2%11; $ith all the chan(es I

su((ested and the enz)s a$ part of the fi(ure 6ri(ht half9 corrected%

To co!pli!ent these chan(es, I su((est !entionin( enz)s la$ in the tet Bust before

the sentence See i(% 2%11;%J% The above sho$s this su((ested addition%


18/194

Pg. %2': 0econ* aragrah:


The epandin( !a(netic fieldHeerts a force of on free electrons $ithin the coil%


Pg. %2' 6 %2/: Figure 2.%23) Figure 2.%2) 6 text on 4oth ages:

Correct the following sentence in Page %2') "i**le of secon* aragrah:

This effective reverse force and the effect it has on the free electrons it dee!s is

dee!ed a reverse E"Yit)s analo(ous %%%

Correct the following sentence in Page %2') thir* sentence u fro" the en* of the

secon* aragrah:

%%% no increase in !a(net !a(netic flu throu(h %%%L

Correct the following sentence in Page %2') last sentence of secon* aragrah:

i(ure 2%123c sho$s the induced volta(e and the volta(e across the resistor

inductor)s internal resistance as a function of ti!e%

Eplanation:

The ori(inal sentence is correct, but reDuires etra effort on the reader)s part to

identif& the resistor in Duestion%

Correct the following sentence in Page %2') first sentence of thir* aragrah:

i(ure 2%123d sho$s the resultant current flo$ throu(h the inductor as a result of

the resultant volta(e function of ti!e%

Eplanation:

The ori(inal sentence is correct, but !a& be confusin(%

A** the following text to Page %2') 4lan7 area at the 4otto" of the age:

$ote: The volta(e across the inductor is al$a&s eDual to the applied volta(e% Khile

the inductor is bein( ener(ized the volta(e across the inductor is the su! of the

volta(e drop caused b& the reverse E" and the volta(e drop across the internal

resistance% @nce the inductor is full& ener(ized, since the reverse E" has subsided,

the volta(e across the inductor is Bust the volta(e drop across its internal resistance%

In both cases the volta(e across the inductor is eDual to the applied volta(e%

Eplanation:

Althou(h the volta(e across the inductor should be obvious and can be deduced

fro! the tet, there is no specific reference to it% To avoid !isinterpretation, I

su((est addin( a note at the botto! of the pa(e such as the one above%

Correct the following sentence in Page %2/) first sentence of secon* aragrah:

%%% fro! position A to *, a sudden chan(e volta(e volta(e chan(e occurs across the

inductor%


19/194

Correct the following sentence in Page %2/) thir* aragrah:

Part 6c9 sho$s the resultant volta(e across an the inductor )s internal resistance

addin( the applied volta(e to the inducted volta(e as a function of ti!e%

Eplanation:

The ori(inal sentence leads &ou to believe that the volta(e across the inductor is

eDual to the net volta(eJ% This is not true, the volta(e across the inductor is al$a&s

zero volts in this case% Khile the inductor is bein( deener(ized the volta(e across the

inductor is the su! of the volta(e sourced b& the for$ard E" and the volta(e drop

across the internal resistance% @nce the inductor is full& deener(ized, since the

for$ard E" has subsided, the volta(e across the inductor is the sa!e as the volta(e

across its internal resistance% In both cases the volta(e across the inductor is zero

volts%

Correct the following sentence in Page %2/) fourth aragrah:

Part 6d9 sho$s the resultant current flo$ throu(h the inductor as a result of the

resultant volta(e function of ti!e%

Eplanation:

The ori(inal sentence is correct, but !a& be confusin(%

Correct the following la4el in Page %2/) Fig. 2.%2c) At the to of the figure:

6idea ideal inductor, 7 09

Correct the following la4el in Page %2/) Fig. 2.%2c) ,rah la4el:

-et 'olta(e Induced F H% 'olta(e across resistor 7

A** the following text to Page %2/) 4lan7 area at the 4otto" of the age:

$ote: The volta(e across the inductor is al$a&s zero volts in this case% Khile the

inductor is bein( deener(ized the volta(e across the inductor is the su! of the

volta(e sourced b& the for$ard E" and the volta(e drop across the internal

resistance% @nce the inductor is full& deener(ized, since the for$ard E" has

subsided, the volta(e across the inductor is the sa!e as the volta(e across its

internal resistance% In both cases the volta(e across the inductor is zero volts%

Eplanation:

Althou(h the volta(e across the inductor should be obvious and can be deduced

fro! the tet, there is no specific reference to it% To avoid !isinterpretation, I

su((est addin( a note at the botto! of the pa(e such as the one above%

Correct the su4scrits in Page %2' 6 %2/) Figure 2.%23a 6 c) Figure 2.%2a 6 c:

's 's ' '

Eplanation:

The subscript sJ on 's and the subscript J on ' are etre!el& s!all%


20/194

Correct the exonents in Page %2' 6 %2/) E(uations:

I =V S

R 1−e

− t R L I =

V S R

e− t R

L

Eplanation:

The eponents are etre!el& s!all%

Exlanation:

i(ure 2%123 and the tet on both pa(es contain corrections that address co!!ents

ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell errata% o$ever, there are several additional

errors that should be corrected%

Pg. %28: Figure 2.%2/) Exa"le text 6 Answers a9) 49) c9 text:

Relace the existing figure 2.%2/ with the figure 4elow:

Correct the last sentence of answer c9 as follows:

-ote that since the volta(e source is ideal, no !atter $hat value the parallel resistor

has, there $ill al$a&s be 12' across the la!p, and hence the bri(htness of the la!p

does not chan(e over ti!e%

The lar(er the parallel resistor, the bri(hter the la!p%

$ote: If the volta(e source $as ideal, no !atter $hat co!ponent parallels the la!p,

there $ould al$a&s be 12' across it, and hence the bri(htness $ould not chan(e%

Exlanation:

The Ea!ple tet Ans$er 6c9 tet $as chan(ed to address co!!ents ori(inall&

reported in the *uc#nell errata% The Ans$er 6c9 correction involved chan(in( the last

sentence fro! The lar(er the parallel resistor, the bri(hter the la!p%J to -ote that

since the volta(e source is ideal, no !atter $hat value the parallel resistor has, there$ill al$a&s be 12' across the la!p, and hence the bri(htness of the la!p does not

chan(e over ti!e%J

This chan(e corrects Ans$er 6c9, ho$ever, since the volta(e source is ideal, there $ill

al$a&s be 12' across the la!p re(ardless of the co!ponent that is placed in parallel

$ith it% As a result, Ans$er 6a9 and Ans$er 6b9 are also incorrect, since in either case

the bri(htness of the la!p $ill not chan(e overti!e% In !& opinion, Ans$er 6c9

should be chan(ed bac# to the ori(inal The lar(er the parallel resistor, the bri(hter

the la!p%J, and a series resistance representin( the batter&)s internal resistance


21/194

should be added to each circuit as sho$n above% Alternativel&, the proble!

state!ent should state that the batter& has a substantial internal resistance%

Also, in !& opinion, a note eplainin( $hat $ould happen if the volta(e source $as

ideal should be added after ans$er 6c9 as sho$n above%

Pg. %3%: otto" of age:

Correct the answer as follows:


Pg. %33: E(uation 2.'':

Relace the existing e(uation with the following:

E L = ∫0

t

P dt = ∫0

t

IV dt = ∫0

t

IL

dI

dt dt = ∫ I 0

I t

LI dI =

1

2 LI

2

Exlanation:

This eDuation $as chan(ed to address co!!ents ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell

errata% The co!!ent stated that li!its of inte(ration should reall& be used to (et

this epression ri(ht% It also stated that this is the inte(rated po$er fro! a condition

in $hich I 0 up to a final value of current%

The chan(es in the third edition provide acceptable li!its for the last inte(ral, but

are not appropriate for the first three inte(rals% The& should be ti!e li!its instead of

current li!its% Also, a t&po on the net to last epression $as not corrected: LIdt LIdI

-ote that the final epression, $hich in !& opinion is $hat !ost readers $ill use, is

correct% o$ever, it $ouldn)t hurt to chan(e the rest of the epressions as su((ested

above%

Pg. %3!: Exa"le !) Answer:

Correct the answer as follows:


Pg. %3!: Figure 2.%3:



22/194

Exlanation:

The tet and the eDuations state that the rate of current chan(e is 1A8s, the fi(ure

sho$s 2A8s% The chan(e su((ested corrects the !is!atch% 7eported b& 5hris%"%

Pg. %% 6 %2: Exa"le %2:

elete the following sentence at the to of age %/:

The ans$er in the tet i(nores the initial current and has a nu!erical error in the last

eDualit&%

Relace the existing exa"le %2 in its entiret; with the following:

Example 12: Suppose &ou appl& a sin(le ra!p volta(e that raises fro! >' to 10' over a

10!s period across an ideal 20! inductor startin( at t 2!s% The initial current

throu(h the inductor is 2A% ind the value of the inductor current at t ?!s%

Answer: The ra!p volta(e can be !odeled b& the eDuation of a line in the point/slope

for!:

V t = m t −t 1 y

1

$here m is the slope 6chan(e in volta(e over chan(e in ti!e in seconds9, and 6t 1 , y 19 is

the point% In this case the fact that the ra!p starts at t 2!s is represented b& t 1 and the

fact that the ra!p is >' at that ti!e is represented b& y 1% The calculation is as follo$s:

V t = 10 − !0.010s − 0s t − 0.002s ! = !00 t − 0.002 !This eDuation can then be used in place of V(t) in the inductor eDuation:

I t =

1

L ∫t 0

t

V t dt I 0 =

1

L ∫t 0

t

[!00t − 0.002 !] dt I 0

The proble! states that the ra!p starts at t 2!s and that $e should find the current

value at t ?!s% To find the area under the ra!p plot that is bound b& these t$o values

$e evaluate the eDuation)s definite inte(ral as follo$s:

∫t 0

t V (t )dt = ∫

0.002

0.00"

[!00(t − 0.002) + ! ] dt

= !00∫0.002

0.00"

(t − 0.002) dt + !∫0.002

0.00"

dt

= [2!0 (t − 0.002)2 + ! t ]│0.002

0.00"

= [2!0(0.00" − 0.002)2 + !(0.00")] − [2!0(0.002 − 0.002)2 + ! (0.002)]

= 0.0#$ /s

The proble! states that the inductance L 20! and that the initial current I(0) 2A% To

find I(t) at t ?!s $e evaluate the rest of the inductor eDuation as follo$s:

I (0.00") =1

L (0.0#$) + I (0) =

1

0.02 (0.0#$) + 2 = #.$!A

Exlanation:

This ea!ple $as chan(ed to address co!!ents ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell


23/194

V(t)

errata% The co!!ent stated that this Duestion $as ill/posed and there $asn)t enou(h

infor!ation H% % The ori(inal ea!ple that appeared in the Second Edition $as

co!pletel& replaced, verbati!, $ith the one su((ested in the *uc#nell errata% Also,

the sentence at the top of pa(e 1


24/194

sho$2d6plot2d6>006/0%0029F>,Z, 0%002, 0%012[,Z&, 0, 10[9,plot2d661860%029962>06/

0%0029\2F>/62>060%002/0%0029\2F>60%002999F2,Z, 0%002, 0%012[,Z&, 0, 10[9,Z, 0%002,

0%012[,Z&, 0, 10[9

Pg. %: First e(uation) text following the first e(uation) an* secon* e(uation:

Correct the text an* the e(uations as follows:

V S = IR+ L dI

dt = 0 0 = IR+ L

dI

dt

Vs is 0 because the batter& is no lon(er in the circuit% 7e$ritin( in the standard for!

(ives:

dI

dt +

R

L I =

V

L = 0

dI

dt +

R

L I = 0

Exlanation:

The eDuations and tet $ere chan(ed in an atte!pt to address a co!!ent ori(inall&reported in the *uc#nell errata% The co!!ent stated that there is no Vs because the

batter& is no lon(er in the circuit and that the left/hand side of the first eDuation and

the ri(ht/hand side of the second should both be zero%

+nfortunatel&, the editors did not i!ple!ent the chan(es eactl& as instructed and

the chan(es the& !ade did not correct the situation% In addition, the tet added

after the first eDuation Vs is 0 because the batter& is no lon(er in the circuit%J, is not

true% Althou(h the batter& is no lon(er in the circuit, Vs is part of the fourth, fifth,

and sith eDuations% Since Vs $as the volta(e applied to the circuit before the s$itch

$as flipped, it is also the startin( point after the s$itch $as flipped% Vs is not

included in the first t$o eDuations because these eDuations represent a 4' closed

loop after the s$itch $as flipped and Vs is not part of that loop%

Pg. %': 0econ*1last e(uation in sha*e* 4ox) fig 2.%38) 6 fig 2.%3! 4otto" left e(uation:

Correct the secon*1last e(uation in sha*e* 4ox as follows:

elete the asteris# 6]9 at the end%

Relace the to half of figure 2.%38 with the following:

Correct the e(uation 4elow the first *iagra" of figure 2.%3! as follows:



25/194

Pg. %': 0entence


26/194

Pg. %/2: Ta4le 2.% "ultile corrections:

0ha*e* 4ox 4elow +A**ition>0u4traction)- first line:

0ha*e* 4ox 4elow +A**ition>0u4traction)- last line:

First row 4elow +?ultilication)- final answer:

/2; F B j 23 $ote: on)t do this correction, see P(% 1;2 entr& belo$% ^To!5^

First row 4elow +i=ision)- first line:

$ote: I(nore the eponent on bd 2%^To!5^

0econ* row 4elow +?ultilication-:


Pg. %/2: Ta4le 2.% rectangular "ultilication) olar "ultilication) olar *i=ision) an* note

4elow the ta4le:

elete the asteris7s @9 in the olar *i=ision an* olar "ultilication sha*e* 4oxes:

Polar "ultiplication Polar ivision

shaded bo top line: shaded bo top line:

H%6W1 F W 29]_ H%6W1 W 29]_

Correct the note 4elow the ta4le as follows:

] +suall& the !ost efficient for! to use $hen doin( &our calculations other

for!s are too difficult or provide unintuitive results%

The for!s in the shaded areas are usuall& the !ost efficient $hen doin( &our

calculationsother for!s are too difficult or provide unintuitive results%

Correct the following rectangular "ultilication lines:

`1 Q `2 6ac bd9 F j6ad bc9 `1 Q ` 2 6 ac bd 9 F j 6ad F bc9

Ea!ple:

`1 > F j 2, `2 < F j 3

`1 Q `2 >6639 266639 F 26


27/194

Exlanation:

This table $as first chan(ed to address a co!!ent ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell

errata% It $as chan(ed a(ain as per an entr& on the official errata%

@ne *uc#nell errata chan(e involved re!ovin( the asteris# net to the rectan(ular

for! for addition8subtraction to avoid confusion $ith the s&!bol for co!pleconBu(ation% o$ever, the asteris#s net to the polar for! for !ultiplication and

division, $hich could also cause confusion, $ere not re!oved% @f concern is that the

note belo$ the table refers to the three for!s that ori(inall& had asteris#s net to

the!% If the asteris#s are re!oved the note is left orphan% I su((est chan(in( the

note to indicate that it refers to the for!s in the shaded areas, this $a& the asteris#s

can be re!oved and the note $ill still be !eanin(ful%

The other *uc#nell errata chan(e involved correctin( the final ans$er to the ea!ple

in the rectan(ular !ultiplication area% In the Second Edition the ans$er $as 2;F j 23

and this $as chan(ed to 2;F j % o$ever, the for! itself $as not corrected the $a&

the *uc#nell errata co!!ent su((ested% The co!!ent stated that:

` 1 Q ` 2 6 ac bd 9 F j 6ad bc9 should be: `1 Q ` 2 6 ac bd 9 F j 6ad F bc9

Khen the official errata $as co!piled the editor presu!abl& used the incorrect for!

to chec# the ans$er% As a result, an entr& in the official errata indicates that the final

ans$er should be chan(ed bac# to the ori(inal but incorrect value:

2;F j 23%

As it stands no$ the rectan(ular !ultiplication area needs to be corrected and the

situation $ith the asteris#s needs to be resolved% The above are !& su((ested

corrections%

Pg. %/3: otto" of age) secon*1last line:


His the !a(nitude or !odus !odulus of a co!ple nu!berH


Pg. %/3 6 %/: Calculation Exa"le age %/39 an* Exlanation of alternati=e Polar for" notation

ages %/3 an* %/9:

Correct the calculation exa"le as follows:

(2

+ j!

)+(#

− j10

)(#+ j %)(2+ j") = !

− j!

(#+ j %)(2+ j") = &.0& %!.0

°(!!#.1°)(".2!&'.0 °) = &.0&%!.0

°(%1.2!12$.1°)=0.1&−"%.1 °

0.1&−"%.1 ° = 0.1&cos(−"%.1 ° )+ j 0.1&sin(−"%.1 °) = 0.01&− j 0.1&

(2+ j !)+(#− j 10)(#+ j %)(2+ j ")

=!− j !

(#+ j %)( 2+ j ") =

&.0&−%!.0 °(!!#.1 °)(".2!&'.0 ° )

=&.0&−%!.0 °

(%1.2!12$.1 °)=0.1&−1&%.1 °


28/194

0.1&−1&%.1 ° = 0.1&cos(−1&%.1 ° )+ j 0.1&sin(−1&%.1 °) = −0.1&− j 0.01&

Correct the text at the 4otto" of age %/3 an* the to of age %/ as follows:

$here ^`^is the !a(nitude or !odulus of a co!ple nu!ber 6or r9, 7e ` is the real

part of the co!ple nu!ber, and I! ` is the i!a(inar& part of the nu!ber, $hile

ar(6`9 6or phase W9 represents the ar(u!ent of ` or the phase an(le 6W9% or ea!ple,if ` 3 F j


29/194


Pg. %&2: Figures 2.%/ 6 2.%/':

Correct fig 2.%/ as follows:

All occurrences of subscript INJ should be lo$er/case "#J%

Correct fig 2.%/' as follows:

*o at botto! ri(ht should be labeled `; J, not ` 1 J%


Pg. %&3: Figure 2.%//:


R1 and L1 should be re!oved fro! circuit 6d9% R2J should be rena!ed R1J and R3J

should be rena!ed R2J%


30/194

Correct the answer to *9 as follows:

All occurrences of R2J should be R1J and all occurrences of R3J should be R2J %


Pg. %&3: Exa"le 2 answer:

Correct the answer to art c9 as follows:

Exlanation:

The ans$ers to Ea!ple 2 parts 6a9 and 6c9 $ere chan(ed to address co!!ents

ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell errata% The ans$er for part 6c9 is still incorrect%

The ori(inal ans$er on the second edition $as !issin( a ne(ative si(n on the first

ter! of the phase an(le as the *uc#nell errata pointed out% o$ever, the *uc#nell

errata also su((ested an incorrect si!plification of the first ter! that $as published

verbati! on the third edition%

LKith the the above correction the current version $ould produce the correct ans$er

if values are plu((ed into the variables% o$ever, in !& opinion, it $ould be better

to use the unsi!plified version published on the second edition and Bust add the

!issin( ne(ative si(n% or one thin(, the other ter!s on both ea!ples can also be

si!plified, so to si!plif& Bust this one ter! could be confusin( for the reader% Also, I

thin# the !ain thrust here is to illustrate the procedure for convertin( rectan(ular to

polar% This is readil& apparent b& ea!inin( the unsi!plified ans$ers% Kith

si!plification the reader $ould also have to understand ho$ the epression $as!anipulated% So I su((est the above correction instead%

Pg. %8: E(uation following +The real true9 ower consu"e* 4; the circuit is:- :


60%1; A9260 'A5 O9 0 K



31/194

Pg. %8%: 0econ* e(uation) Figure 2.%&% +E(ui=alent 5"e*ance an* Current- *iagra":


"issin( eDual si(n%


I $ 0%>= 0%>0A


Pg. %82: Figure 2.%&2:


The units for the capacitor value should be J%


Pg. %83: Figure 2.%&2 Continue*9) calculations starting in the "i**le of the age:


irst dia(ra! headin( should be 'olta(e across 7, , and 5J% Kithin this dia(ra!,

the source volta(e should be listed as 1%00' 0 J, and the eDuations $ithin the∠

circuit should be corrected as follo$s: `tot 2%33O ∠ ;J and V% 0%


32/194

Correct the calculations as follows:

"iddle of pa(e:

Three lines do$n:

*otto! of pa(e:


Pg. %8: 0econ*1last aragrah:

Correct the aragrah as follows:

Since the inductor and capacitor are in parallel, the !ath is relativel& eas&Yuse t$o

co!ponents in parallel for!ula, and !ultipl& and add co!ple nu!bers:

Since the inductor, capacitor and resistor are in parallel, the !ath is relativel& eas&

—plu( the i!pedances in the (eneral parallel for!ula, and add co!ple nu!bers:

Exlanation:

The para(raph incorrectl& indicates that t$o co!ponents should be plu((ed in the

parallel for!ula $hen in realit& three co!ponents are involved% It also i!plies that

!ultipl&in( and addin( co!ple nu!bers is involved $hen in this case onl& addin( is

necessar&% It see!s that an ecerpt fro! so!e$here else in the boo# $here the t$o

co!ponent parallel for!ula $as used, $as copied and pasted here and not properl&

!odified to acco!!odate the ne$ situation%

The official errata offers the follo$in( correction:

Hthe !ath is relativel& eas&Yuse t$o co!ponents in parallel (eneral for!ulaHJ

This correction see!s to reco(nize that the t$o co!ponent parallel for!ula is not

appropriate for this situation and the (eneral parallel for!ula that can acco!!odate

an& nu!ber of parallel co!ponents should be used instead% o$ever, Bust chan(in(

the $ord parallelJ to (eneralJ doesn)t correct the !isstate!ents and in !& opinion

Bust !a#es the para(raph !ore confusin(% So I su((est the above correction instead%


33/194

Pg. %8': Figure 2.%&3 Continue*9) sentence at the 4otto" of the age:


abels ILJ and I! J in upper ri(ht corner of Sinusoidal Kavefor!s $ithin Parallel 5

5ircuitJ dia(ra! should be s$itched%


KeVll cover resonant circuits in a !o!ent%


Pg. %8&: First sentence after the e(uations for VTEB:


To find & TE', &ou short the load 10'A5 source $ith a $ire and ta#e the i!pedance of

the inductor and capacitor in parallel:

Exlanation:

This pa(e contains several chan(es that address co!!ents ori(inall& reported in the

*uc#nell errata% o$ever, one of the *uc#nell su((estions $asn)t full& i!ple!ented

and should have been%

Pg. %88: E(uation for 5) an* fig. 2.%&/ grahs an* for"ulas:

Correct the e(uation for 5 as follows:

Correct the figures grahs an* for"ulas as follows:


34/194

@ri(inal top (raph

5orrected top (raph

*otto! .raph

or!ulas

$ote: In the above for!ulas s /1 is used as the unit of freDuenc& instead of z% In this

contet s/1 is eDuivalent to z althou(h I seldo! see it used in other boo#s% The

rationale is that since 'ree#cy "# *+ $ 1t"me -er"od "# seco#ds or z 18s, and

since 18s s/1 , then z s/1%


35/194

Exlanation:

This pa(e contains t$o chan(es that address co!!ents ori(inall& reported in the

*uc#nell errata%

The first chan(e corrected the i!pedance scale on the top (raph of fi(% 2%1;,

ho$ever, the botto! (raph)s i!pedance scale $as left unchan(ed $hen it shouldhave also been corrected% In addition, there are additional proble!s $ith the top

(raph not previousl& reported% irst, the plot for the current $as apparentl& done

disre(ardin( the B operator and needs to be verticall& flipped to represent the

correct phase in the Ar(and plane% Second, it $ould be better if the nu!bers in the

scale for the current included the B operator since, as the nu!bers in the i!pedance

scale, the& are also co!ple nu!bers%

The second chan(e inspired b& the *uc#nell errata $as supposed to correct the

phase on the eDuation for I near the botto! of the pa(e% o$ever, the *uc#nell

errata erroneousl& indicated that the phase on the second line of the eDuation

should be chan(ed to positive% The third edition editors chan(ed the phase to

positive on both the first and second lines of the eDuation% As it turns out, the firstline needed to be chan(ed, but the second line should have re!ained ne(ative%

I have one !ore su((estion for this pa(e% The reactance for!ulas on fi(% 2%1; use

;2,;;3z as the resonant freDuenc&% The actual resonance freDuenc& is ;3,;;1%=%%%

It loo#s li#e the 2 and the 3 $ere accidentall& transposed% I thin# that for consistenc&

this should be chan(ed to ;3,;;2%

Pg. %8!: First three e(uations:


Exlanation:

The first t$o eDuations $ere chan(ed to address a co!!ent ori(inall& reported in

the *uc#nell errata% The chan(e involved re$ritin( the left hand side of each

eDuation as an absolute value% I thin# the idea $as to insure that the for!ulas $ould

onl& produce positive values as depicted b& the botto! (raph of fi(% 2%1;% Theproble! is that this chan(e doesn)t address the fact that the ri(ht hand side of the

eDuations can still produce ne(ative values dependin( on the value assi(ned to the

variable ' %

Since !athe!aticall& ̂. ̂ can not be eDual to a ne(ative nu!ber, the eDuations as

currentl& $ritten are unsolvable% This proble! can be corrected b& raisin( the ri(ht

hand side of the eDuations to the po$er of 2 and then findin( the sDuare root, for

ea!ple: ^I^ 610'A586;%2?10/


36/194

^I^ ^10'A586;%2?10/


37/194

or!ulas


Exlanation:

The second and third eDuations $ere chan(ed to address a co!!ent ori(inall&

reported in the *uc#nell errata% The chan(e involved re$ritin( the left hand side of

each eDuation as an absolute value% I thin# the idea $as to insure that the for!ulas

$ould onl& produce positive values as depicted b& the botto! (raph of fi(% 2%1%

The proble! is that this chan(e doesn)t address the fact that the ri(ht hand side of

the eDuations can still produce ne(ative values dependin( on the value assi(ned to

the variable ' %

Since !athe!aticall& ̂. ̂ can not be eDual to a ne(ative nu!ber, the eDuations as

currentl& $ritten are unsolvable% This proble! can be corrected b& raisin( the ri(ht

hand side of the eDuations to the po$er of 2 and then findin( the sDuare root, for

ea!ple: ^I^ 60%00;2>6;%2?10/6;%2?10/6;%2?10/


38/194

represent the correct phase in the Ar(and plane% Second, the capacitiveJ and the

inductiveJ labels need to be s$itched% Third, it $ould be better if the nu!bers in

the scale for the current included the B operator since the& are co!ple nu!bers%

Pg. %!2: $ext to last e(uation an* fig. 2.%&8 for"ulas:


Correct the fig. 2.%&8 for"ulas as follows:

Exlanation:

The net to last eDuation is the sa!e resonant freDuenc& for!ula 6 ' o9 illustrated on

pa(e 1?= and is also sho$n to &ield ;3,;;3z as the resonant freDuenc&% o$ever,

the actual resonance freDuenc& is ;3,;;1%=%%% This is an insi(nificant discrepanc&,

but I thin# that for consistenc&, it $ould be better to use the rounded value of

;3,;;2%

Also, the reactance for!ulas on fi(% 2%1? use the $ron( resonant freDuenc& andshould be chan(ed to ;3,;;2%

Pg. 2&: 0ection 2.32.% halfwa; through the first aragrah:


Therefore, the input i!pedance !a& allo$ onl& a little current to enter at one

freDuenc&, $hile a ver& hi(hl& i!pedin( current enters at another freDuenc&%

Exlanation:

The last clause of the sentence doesn)t !a#e sense as $ritten, I believe the intent

$as to eplain that the input current !a& be s!all or lar(e dependin( on itsfreDuenc&%

Pg. 2%3: Fig. 2.%!2 e(uation an* the H an* D e(uations 4elow the figure:

Correct the fig. 2.%!2 e(uation as follows:


39/194

Correct the an* D e(uations as follows:

Exlanation:

The eDuations are incorrect due to t&po(raphical errors% 7eported b& Stur(eon%

Pg. 2%: First sentence:

Correct as follows:

Exlanation:

There is an !issin( due to a t&po(raphical errors% 7eported b& Stur(eon%

Pg. 2%': 0econ* aragrah an* fifth e(uation:



Exlanation:

@n the second para(raph the $ord sortin(J should be shortin(J% @n the fifth

eDuation the eDual si(n 69 should be replaced b& a plus si(n 6F9% 7eported b&

Stur(eon%

Pg. 222: First e(uation in for"ula9:

Relace the original for"ula:

replace $ith:

Exlanation:

The `in for!ula and the para(raph above it $ere ori(inall& reported as incorrect in

the *uc#nell errata% The para(raph $as corrected but the for!ula $as left

unchan(ed% The current for!ula is incorrect%

The *uc#nell errata also reported that the ` in and ` out ter!inolo(& used in this

section is $ron(% The ter!inolo(& in this section $as not chan(ed% o$ever,

etensive chan(es in the precedin( sections $ere !ade to address this concern% The

$a& `in and ` out are eplained in this section, in !& opinion, althou(h not al$a&s

Z in = R

1+

R2 R L

( R2+ R L)


40/194

usin( the standard definition, is appropriate as a $a& to si!plif& the eplanation%

This is used to build to$ard the conventional understandin( that ` in and ` out should

be loo#ed at fro! the point of vie$ of the source and the load as is later eplained%

Pg. 22': 0econ* e(uation on age:


Exlanation:

The arran(e!ent of the eDuation)s ter!s doesn)t !atch the tet belo$ the eDuation%

o!o(eneous eDuations are $ritten $ith the 0 on the ri(ht b& convention% So the

eDuation)s ter!s should be transposed to !atch the tet% 7eported b& Stur(eon%

Pg. 22/: Colu"ns in "i**le of age:

Correct the colu"n hea*ings as follows:

5 7 ener(izin(5 7 deener(izin(


Pg. 22&: Thir*1last e(uation on age:



Pg. 228: Figure 2.2/:


R1 should onl& be R/



41/194

Pg. 228 6 22!: #ast two sentences on age 228 an* first sentence on age 22!:

Correct the sentences on age 228 as follows:

The instant after the s$itch is closed, the capacitor cannot chan(e in volta(e

instantaneousl&, so the current is still zero full volta(e is applied across R% The instant

before and the instant after theCorrect the sentence on age 22! as follows:

after the s$itch is closed, the volta(e across the capacitor is eDual to the suppl&

volta(e%

Exlanation:

Khen the volta(e across ! is applied across R a current is instantl& established

because the load, R, is resistive% Therefore, the state!ent, the current is still zeroJ,

is incorrect% The initial value of the current is deter!ined via @h!)s la$ based on the

value of the initial volta(e applied across R and R)s value% The replace!ent

state!ent, the full volta(e is applied across RJ, points out that the value of the

initial volta(e applied across R is $hatever value $as present across ! prior to the

transition%

After correctin( the sentences on pa(e 22? the last t$o $ords of the last sentence

no lon(er fit on pa(e 22? and !ust be !oved to the top of pa(e 22=%

Pg. 22!: Fourth e(uation on age:

Correct the fourth e(uation on age as follows:

Exlanation:

The eDuation is incorrect and inappropriate%

It)s incorrect because as sho$n on the fifth eDuation:

I560F9 R;A, so, I560

F9R 6R;9639 R1?'

Since V 560F9 1?',

I560F9R F V 560

F9 6R1?9 F 61?9 0'

.iven the state!ent at the botto! of pa(e 22?: The instant after the s$itch is

closed, the capacitor cannot chan(e in volta(e instantaneousl&, so the current is still

zero %J, It see!s that the author $as thin#in( that I560F9 0A% ad that been true,

I560

F

9R F V 560

F

9 1?' $ould be correct% o$ever, the true value of I560

F

9 is R;A assho$n on the fifth eDuation%

It)s inappropriate because I560F9 is calculated on eDuation >, and since eDuation < is

supposed to offer infor!ation for the solution of eDuation >, it $ould be better if

I560F9 didn)t appear in eDuation %

7eported b& Stur(eon%


42/194

Pg. 22!: Barious e(uations an* text:

Correct the fifth e(uation on age as follows:

Correct the text following the e(uation as follows:

Plu((in( this bac# in to find A * $e (etH

Correct the e(uation a4o=e Exa"le ' as follows:

Correct the answer to Exa"le ' as follows:

Since before the s$itch is initiall& closedH


Pg. 22!: E(uation a4o=e Exa"le ':

Relace the e(uation a4o=e Exa"le ' with the following:

Exlanation:

The ori(inal eDuation is correct, but its evaluation is not obvious% The above sho$s

the additional steps reDuired to find the solution% 7eported b& Stur(eon%

Pg. 23: Thir* an* sixth e(uations on age:

Correct the thir* e(uation as follows:

;0 -2 F 20 30 - F 1 0

Correct the sixth e(uation as follows:

H F 630 O98 I60F9 F %%%

Exlanation:These are t&po(raphical errors $ith no other conseDuences% @n eDuation 3 the 20

should be a 30 $hich represents the value of R% @n eDuation ; the division si(n 689

should be an I representin( the current at ti!e 60F9% The solutions to the eDuations

are correct and no other chan(es are reDuired% 7eported b& Stur(eon%


43/194


44/194

Pg. 2'/: Figure 3.2:

Correct the text next to the *rawing as follows:

"ultiple $rappin( $ith !a(netic $ire

Exlanation:

The headin( of this fi(ure $as chan(ed fro! "a(netic KireJ to "a(net KireJ to

address a co!!ent ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell errata% o$ever, the editors

!issed the sa!e error on the tet net to the dra$in(%

Pg. 28&: Figure 3.3%:


Kithin the chart le(end, option for es, but not the best choiceJ should be re!oved

and es, or co!!onJ should si!pl& read es%J The dJ in the i(h pea# load/

current ratin(J ro$, SupercapacitorJ colu!n should be re!oved%


Pg. 2!: Figure 3.3 cation:


LA (reen E has around 2%0 ' on across it $hen it is illu!inated%L


Pg. 2!: Figure 3.3 cation:


ere a (reen E is used to indicate that the batter& is o#a&% This sta&son all the ti!e to indicate that the batter& is live, and the red E co!es

on $hen the batter& volta(e falls belo$ the set threshold% A (reen E

has around 2%0 ' across it $hen it is illu!inated% This value varies a bit

$ith different !anufacturers, but is prett& $ell !atched $ithin an&

batch% Add the base e!itter volta(e drop, and &ou need 2%; ' on the base of the

ri(ht transistor 6i%e%, across the 3#39 to turn on the transistor% 2%; ' across

3#3 needs =%1 across the suppl& rail% *elo$ this threshold volta(e, the

transistor is off and the red E is on% Above this volta(e, the red E is

off% *& adBustin( the values of the three resistors, &ou can alter the threshold


45/194

level% Ke)ll discuss transistors and Es later on in this boo#%

Exlanation:

The tet $as chan(ed to address a co!!ent ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell

errata% o$ever, I thin# the chan(es su((ested above $ill i!prove readabilit& a little

bit !ore%

Pg. 3%: Figure 3.!:


Superscripts $ithin shaded boes should be increased in size and positioned further

do$n% EDuations should read as follo$s:


Pg. 32: 0econ* e(uation on age an* aragrah 4elow it:



Hthe for!ula reduces to the eDuation belo$ above%J


Pg. 3/2: Text near 4otto" of the age:

Correct the text a s follows:

!r"e tem-eratre 6 T!! 9: H%%

Exlanation:


errata% o$ever, the part of the co!!ent indicatin( that the s&!bol $as incorrect

$as not i!ple!ented% The error $as also present in the second edition inde entr&,

the third edition doesn)t have an inde entr& for 5urie%


46/194

Pg. 3&: Figure 3.!':


The _J and @4J are reversed in *o %


Pg. 3!: Figure 3.%2:


Exlanation:

This fi(ure $as chan(ed to address a co!!ent ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell

errata% o$ever, the part of the co!!ent indicatin( that 53 $as !issin( a

connection point $as not i!ple!ented%

Pg. 2: Figure .3:


ine fro! < valence electronsJ should point to outer circle rather than inner%



47/194

Pg. &: Figure .!:


*ipolar transistorJ (raphic !issin( label *J at the top%


Pg. !: 0ection .2.2 en* of first aragrah an* Figure .%3:


HitVs entirel& possible for a silicon p/n Bunction diodeVs thresholdH

Correct the +io*e 5B Cur=e- *iagra" as follows:

V RR R


Pg. %: Figure .%! A*


48/194

the chan(es in the dra$in( did not resolve the proble!% In the ori(inal dra$in( both

resistors $ere 10#, the editors chan(ed both resistors to 1#% o$ever, onl& the

potentio!eter should have been chan(ed fro! 10# to 1#% The chan(e $as reDuired

to reduce the influence of the input si(nal on the threshold volta(e% If the t$o

resistors have eDual values the clipped tops are not flat because the threshold

volta(e rises si(nificantl& as the input si(nal rises and for$ard biases the diode% -ote

that I breadboarded this circuit to test it% The output is !uch closer to the output

$avefor! illustration $ith the resistor values su((ested above%

Pg. %: Figure .%! A*


49/194

Pg. %!: Figure .2/:


uplicate 1 labels, both should be re!oved%


Pg. 33: Rule 2:


Rule 2 or an #-# transistor, there is a volta(e drop fro! the base to the e!itter of

0%; '% or a -#- transistor, there is a 0%;/8 ' rise fro! base to e!itter% In ter!s of

operation, this !eans that the base volta(e V of an #-# transistor !ust be at least

0%; ' (reater than the e!itter volta(e V g other$ise, the transistor $ill not pass an

collector/to/e!itter current% or a -#- transistor, V !ust be at least 0%; ' less than

V g other$ise, it $ill not pass an e!itter/to collector/to/e!itter current%

Exlanation:

The tet $as chan(ed to address a co!!ent ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nellerrata% o$ever, the part of the co!!ent indicatin( that the $ord notJ should be

added $as not i!ple!ented% In addition the last sentence should be chan(ed as

su((ested above for consistenc& $ith conventional current flo$% There is also $hat

see!s to be a spurious !inus si(n or h&phen 6/9 in the second sentence 60%;/'9%

Pg. 3&: First e(uation:

Relace the co"lete e(uation for I with the following:

Exlanation:

The ori(inal eDuation is incorrect and doesn)t &ield the correct I* value% 7eported b&

cd$ilson%

Pg. : ,ain e(uation near the 4otto" of the age:



50/194

Exlanation:

The eDuation doesn)t !atch the tet or the ans$er (iven% 7eported b& e(ion%

Pg. 2: Barious errors fro" ste through ste ' :

Correct the ,ain e(uation at the to of the age as follows:

Correct the next line as follows:

The double line !eans to ta#e R and 6 rtr F R39 R3 in parallel%9 To find r tr , useH

%02; ' 8 I! I! %%%

Correct the next ,ain e(uation as follows:

10#O

Correct ste ' as follows:

Solvin( this eDuation, &ou (et R"# >#O% This !eansH


Pg. /: 0entence


51/194

Exlanation:

This $as reported in the *uc#nell errata but $as not fied%

Pg. '&: #ast aragrah:

Correct the text as follows:&ou should never loo# into a laser bea! or an& secular specular reflection%%%


Pg. '!!: Text at the to of age an* text following the cation:

Correct the text at the to of the age as follows:

i(ure %>> %>; sho$s attenuation and rise/ti!eHL

Correct the text following the cation as follows:

Khen bu&in( a scope 6i(ure %>>9, &ouVll needH


Pg. /': Figure &.28:


I!a(es are !issin( labels% Top ro$ should be 6a9J then 6b9J 6left to ri(ht9, follo$ed b&

botto! ro$ 6c9J then 6d9J%


Pg. /2: 0tart of ire an* Ca4le section:


.et a selection of solid and strained stranded hoo#up $ireH



52/194

Pg. /3/: 0econ* aragrah:


The circuit in i(% ?%3, called an "#ert"# am-l"'"er , has an output eDual to

R'in86R48Rin9 R'in6R4 8Rin9 6&ou $ill learn ho$ to derive this for!ula later in this

chapter9%Exlanation:

This $as reported in the *uc#nell errata but $as not fied%

Pg. /': 0econ* aragrah:


This volta(e is called the #eat"e threshold oltae 65V T 9 6V T59/ The ne(ative threshold

volta(e can be deter!ined b& usin( the previous t$o eDuationsYthe end result bein(

5V T $ 5V out86R28R19 V T5 $ 5V out86R28R19% In the ea!ple, 5V T 51%> ' V T5 51%> '% -o$, if

the output is at ne(ative saturation 651> '9 and 0 ' is applied to the input, V d 51%3; '%

The output re!ains at 51> '% o$ever, if the input volta(e is increased, there is a point

$here V d (oes to zero and the output s$itches states% This point is called the -os"t"e

threshold oltae 6FV T 9 6V T F9 , $hich is also eDual to F V out86R28R19 5V out86R28R19% In the

ea!ple, FV T F1%> ' V T F F1%> '% -o$ the difference bet$een the t$o saturation

volta(es is the h&steresis volta(e: V h 6V T 5 65V T 9 V h V T F 5 6V T59/ In the ea!ple, V h 3 '%

Exlanation:

FV T and R V T are variable na!es, but includin( a 6F9 or a 6R9 at the be(innin( of a

variable na!e can be confusin(% It $ould be better to place the si(ns in the subscript

portion of the variable na!e as su((ested above%

In addition, the eDuations for V T R and V T F should be the sa!e, the si(n of the result$ill be correct in either case since the eDuation contains RV out% This $ill cause the

result to be ne(ative in the case of V T R, and to be positive in the case of V T F%

Pg. /'%: Figure 8.2/:


"isprinted eDuation, should read as follo$s:



53/194

Pg. /': Figure 8.3 cation:

Correct the V ref% e(uation as follows:

Exlanation:

The si!plification is incorrect% 7eported b& ohn 6icon9%

Pg. /8: E(uation for BT:


Exlanation:

This $as reported in the *uc#nell errata but $as fied incorrectl&%

Pg. /8': E(uation for BT:


Exlanation:

This $as reported in the *uc#nell errata but $as not fied% The *uc#nell errata

su((ested the follo$in( eDuation:

V T = − R2

R#V sat .

It)s a si!plified version of the eDuation I su((ested above% o$ever, since on pa(e

; an eDuation si!ilar to the unsi!plified version $as used to eplain positive

feedbac#, I $ould rather use the unsi!plified version for consistenc&%


54/194

Pg. /8/: E(uation to the right of figure %.':

Relace the e(uation with the following:

f = 1%

√ 2 RC

≃ 1

%.$$ RC

Exlanation:

This eDuation $as chan(ed to address a co!!ent ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell

errata% o$ever, the ne$ for!ula, althou(h closer to eperi!ental results than the

ori(inal, is still Duite a bit off% It see!s that the for!ula ori(inall& published in the

second edition $as !isprinted% The for!ula appeared as sho$n belo$:

f = 1%(√ 2 RC

After breadboardin( the circuit, the version I su((est above could predict the

oscillation freDuenc& $ith !uch !ore accurac&% Kith the values su((ested on pa(e

;?; the circuit)s output $as around 10#z% The circuit $as also tested $ith R valuesfro! 1# to 10" $hich produced a freDuenc& ran(e fro! about 100z to 1"z%

o$er R values produced hi(her freDuencies but the freDuenc& values started to

deviate fro! the values predicted b& the for!ula% This is probabl& because the

influence of the input and output i!pedance as $ell as parasitic reactance is !ore

noticeable at hi(her freDuencies% The for!ula i(nores these factors%

A**itional Technical 5nfor"ation:

-ote that it)s i!possible to derive a perfectl& accurate eDuation for this t&pe of

circuit% So!e of the variables that can affect the oscillation freDuenc& include the

suppl& volta(e and the threshold volta(e tolerance of the I5% In addition, because of

the Duasi parallel operation of the t$o capacitors used in this circuit, the traditional!ethod of derivin( the ti!e period usin( an ln factor doesn)t produce accurate

results% The fact that the capacitors are not eactl& in parallel see!s to s#e$ the

ans$er even $hen the '18'2 ratio is obtained eperi!entall& fro! a specific I5 at a

specific suppl& volta(e% As a !atter of fact, the '18'2 values I obtained for so!e of

the I5s that I tested at certain suppl& volta(e values translated into a for!ula al!ost

identical to the one su((ested in the *uc#nell errata% o$ever, plu((in(/in the

eperi!ental values in the for!ula didn)t &ield the correct ans$er%

I don)t #no$ the !ethod that the ori(inal circuit desi(ner used to derive the

for!ula% o$ever, I located a !ore co!plete article describin( this circuit that

included a (raph% Accordin( to this source the circuit $as first published in the

>81= issue of Electronic En(ineerin(% I reproduced the (raph usin( the publicdo!ain pro(ra! .raphJ% The points plotted on the ori(inal (raph perfectl&

correspond $ith the plot of the for!ula I su((ested above% This leads !e to believe

that the circuit desi(ner used an identical for!ula to create the ori(inal (raph% *elo$

is an i!a(e of the (raph I reproduced as rendered b& .raphJ:


55/194

Pg. /8&: Figure %./ cation 2n* sentence:

Correct the cations text as follows:

These resistors act as a three/step volta(e divider bet$een the suppl& volta(e 6V 559

and (round% The top of the lo$er >/#O resistor 6F input to co!parator 29 is set to

'55, $hile the top of the !iddle >/#O resistor 6R input to co!parator 2 19 is set to j

'55%

Exlanation:

The tet contains a t&po% The volta(e divider is not connected to to the input of co!parator 2, instead, it is connected to the input of co!parator 1% 7eported b&

socratidion%

Pg. /8& 6 /88: #ast aragrah on age /8& that continues on age /88:


Kith C hi(h, the dischar(e transistor is turned on, $hich allo$s the capacitor to char(e

to$ard V !! throu(h R1 and R2/ Khen the capacitor volta(e eceeds V !! , co!parator 2

(oes lo$, $hich has no effect on the S7 flip/flop% o$ever, $hen the capacitor volta(e


56/194


57/194

Pg. /8!: Figure %.!:


Exlanation:

The fi(ure contains a connection point at the Bunction of the top >#O resistor and

the F input of co!parator 1% These t$o ele!ents are not connected since this $ould

short out the co!parator)s inputs% 7eported b& socratidion%

Pg. &/: Figure %%.%c:


Exlanation:

The electrol&tic 6polarized9 capacitors on the ne(ative side of the suppl& have the

$ron( polarit&% The sche!atic is also !issin( a connection point at the Bunction at

the LtopL of capacitor 53% This $as reported in the *uc#nell errata but $as not fied%


58/194

Pg. &%!: Figure %2.2:


Exlanation:

This fi(ure $as chan(ed to address a co!!ent ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell

errata% o$ever, the editors chan(ed the title of the $ron( sub/fi(% The titles of the

sub/fi(ures need to be s$apped%

Pg. &33: Figure %2.2 cation:

Correct the cation as follows:

+sin( Identities 1 6 09 and 11 6 F 0 9, &ou (et:

ot % F 0 F F ! % F ! F

actorin( a fro! the precedin( ter! (ives:

ot 6 % F 19 F !

+sin( Identit&ies 12 6 % F 1 19 and 10, &ou (et:

out ot 619 F ! F !

Exlanation:

This caption $as chan(ed to address a co!!ent ori(inall& reported in the *uc#nell

errata% o$ever, the editors !ade so!e additional chan(es that should be reversed

as su((ested above%


59/194

Pg. &&: Figure %2.&. ?isla4ele* *iagra"s:



Pg. &&%: Thir* aragrah:


This occurs because, unli#e the -@7 (ate, $hich outputs a lo$ hi(h onl& $hen both its

inputs are the sa!e lo$, the -A- (ate outputs a hi(h lo$ onl& $hen both its inputs

are the sa!e hi(h% This !eans that the hold condition for the cross/-A- S7 flip/flop is

1, R R 1, $hile the indeter!inate condition is 0, R R 0%


Pg. 8: Figure %2.%%8 ti"ing *iagra" an* text 4elow the figure:


Khen strobe and 54 are both hi(h a cloc# pulse is applied durin( this load !ode,

the


60/194

Exlanation:


errata% The co!!ent indicated that the tet and the ti!in( dia(ra! didn)t !atch,

and that the ti!in( dia(ra! !ade sense% In realit&, the ti!in( dia(ra! is incorrect

because it sho$s the parallel $ord loadin( $hile the cloc# is inhibited% The flip/flops

reDuire a cloc# pulse to either load the parallel $ord or to shift% The ori(inal verbia(ein the second edition $as correct, the ti!in( chart should be replaced $ith the one

su((ested above% +nfortunatel& the editors of the third edition chan(ed the verbia(e

to address the *uc#nell errata co!!ent, so the verbia(e needs to be chan(ed bac#

as su((ested above%

Pg. 82/: 0econ*1last aragrah:


Hto an output current throu(h the Iout Iot ter!inal%


Pg. !//: otto" of age:

Correct the last row as follows:

5hain rule: If is a function of y , and y is in turn a function of . , then


Pg. !/&: Thir*1last aragrah:


Hto place the boundaries boundar& points into the . ter! of 4/


Pg. !/8: Fourth an* fifth e(uations:

Correct the fourth e(uation as follows:

Correct the fifth e(uation as follows:



61/194

Pg. $>A: Aen*ix :

Correct as follows:

There are too !an& errors on this appendi to list here%

Exlanation:

Appendi $as not included in the third edition, instead, a hi(hl& co!pressed

substitute, section %>%21 7eco!!ended Electronics Parts, ta#es its place% or those

that o$n the second edition, I thin# the list of parts !a& be useful for be(inners,

speciall& if undecided as to $hat to (et for a hobb& lab% o$ever, the condensed

specifications are riddled $ith errors and shouldn)t be trusted% In addition, !an& of

the listed co!ponents are obsolete and no lon(er easil& available%

Khile eplorin( this appendi I do$nloaded datasheets for !ost ever&thin( listed to

chec# the condensed specifications% +sin( the datasheets and other printed

resources in !& possession, I created ne$ corrected pa(es $ith $hat I believe are

!ore realistic condensed specifications% 7ealizin( half$a& that the value of this

corrected docu!ent is dubious at best, I didn)t ta#e the ti!e to triple chec#ever&thin( for correctness% o$ever, since I freDuentl& salva(e co!ponents fro!

discarded devices old and ne$, I thou(h that it !a& co!e in hand& at ti!es% Khile

I)! not includin( a cop& of this corrected appendi in this docu!ent, I)ll be (lad to

share it $ith an&one that o$ns the boo# and thin#s it !a& be of so!e value%

Correcte* Pages:

The follo$in( pa(es contain a cop& of the corrected pa(es that I created for !& personal cop& of the

third edition% 4eep in !ind that these are !& version of the $a& these corrections should be

i!ple!ented and are not connected to or sanctioned b& the authors or the publisher%


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Date post:	06-Jul-2018
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