Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor

UNOFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO LABORSource: Monthly Review of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Vol. 5, No. 1 (JULY, 1917), pp.192-197Published by: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of LaborStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41829102 .

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192 MONTHLY BEVIEW OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.

Sweden. - Sodala Meddcl anden utgivna a o K. Social styr eisen. No. 3. Stock- holm , 1917. 164 PP'

Emergency war measures on the food supply and unemployment, operations of the public employment exchanges, securing of agricultural labor, review of labor conditions, strikes and lockouts, retail and wholesale prices, cattle and fish prices, etc. Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift för Politik - Statistik - Ekonomi ut gif ven af

Pontus E. Fahlbeck. Volume 20, No. 2, Aprii , 1917. Lund , December , 1916. This is a periodical devoted to discussions of political science, statistics, and

economics. The current issue contains a study on each of the following subjects: The

right of voice in parliament; newer political doctrines; a criticism on inter- national marine statistics.

UNOFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO LABOR. Abbott, Grace. The immigrant and the community. New York , Century , 1917.

303 pp. The author of this book speaks with authority from more than eight years*

work with the Immigrants' Protective League and seven years' residence at Hull House, Chicago, besides investigations in this country and abroad. The present study is an effort "to show concretely how the immigrant and indi- rectly the community have suffered both materially and spiritually from our. failure to plan for his protection and for his adjustment to American life." There are sections dealing with the newcomer's search for work, the evils of casual labor, and the exploitations of private employment agencies ; the immi- grant and organized labor ; the unsuitability and inadequacy of our educational system ; the pressing need of better legislation, wiser administration, and a more sympathetic understanding in general.

The book contains numerous stories of human interest in the experience of the league, of which Miss Abbott is a director. Various authorities are freely quoted and some Federal and State statistics are given. To those persons who view with alarm the great increase in the actual number of immigrants the following comparative statement may be reassuring. The slight range in the figures shows that the proportions have remained almost stationary for a half century. PER CENT OF FOREIGN BORN IN TOTAL POPULATION AND AMONG EMPLOYED

PERSONS IN EACH CENSUS YEAR, 1870 TO 1910, INCLUSIVE.

Per cent of foreign born- Census year.

111 total «inDloved population.

1870 14. 4 32. 5 1890 13. 3 30. 5 1K90 14. 7 31. 4 1900 13. 6 30. 6 1910 14.7 31.2

American Academy of Political and Social Scm^cE.-^-Stabilhing Industrial Employment. Annals , May , 1917. Editorial Office, Woodland Avenue and Thirty-sixth Street, Philadelphia , Pa.

Contains some of the papers read at the conference of employment managers held at Philadelphia in April, 1917, and which were noted in the June issue of

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MONTHLY KE VIEW OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. 193

the Monthly Review (pp. 890 to 900). Other articles dealing with the stabili- zation of industrial employment are: The standardization of working essen- tials ; Recommended standard practice on medical supervision in Detroit plants; Planning promotion for employees and its effect in reducing labor turnover; The reduction of absences and lateness in industry. Relating par- ticularly to the employees' voice in management are articles on, Who is boss in your shop?; Suggestions from employees help company save money; Cen- tralized labor responsibility from a labor-union standpoint; The mechanism of mind ; Causes of " turnover " among college faculties. British Trades-Union Congress. - Parliamentary Committee. Twenty-fourth

and twenty-fifth quarterly reports , June and December , 1916 . London , 1016. 53 and 65 pp., respectively.

Contain items of national and international interest to trade-unionists and others. Include reprints of the proceedings of the Leicester Congress of 1903 and the Leeds Congress of 1904. Council of Rtjskin College, Oxford, England. The reorganization of in-

dustry. 3d ed. London, 1916. 85 pp. A report of a three-days' conference held in Oxford in July, 1916, to con-

sider the reorganization of industry, commerce, and finance after the war. The conference was convened by Ruskin College, whose resources are all used for educational work in the labor movement, " in the belief that the time had come for more definite thinking by the labor movement upon the problems which labor will have to face when peace comes, and in the hope that a full and frank discussion between recognized students of industrial questions and well-known representatives of labor might help towards the formulation of a national policy."

The delegates numbered 82 and represented 52 trade-unions, trades councils, cooperative societies, and labor or other organizations. The papers presented will be summarized in a later issue of the Monthly Review. Fyfe, Thomas Alexander. Employers and Workmen. Handbook explanatory

of their duties and responsibilities under the munitions of war acts , 1915 and 1916. Second edition. London and Edinburgh , Wm. Hodge é Co. 269 pp.

The author writes as chairman of the munitions tribunals. The book is intended to be interpretive of the intricacies and statutory enactments and official orders incident to the munitions acts of 1915 and 1916, and has been issued for the purpose of affording employers and^ their representatives and workmen an opportunity to become thoroughly acquainted with the details of the conditions under which industrial work is at present conducted. The book Contains as appendixes the text of the munitîons-of-war act with amend- ments ; rules with respect to limitation of profits of controlled establishments ; rules with respect to "leaving" certificates; rules governing tribunals; abstract of ordering of work regulations for controlled establishments; orders relating to dilution of labor; order relating to war-service badges; orders extending definition of munitions work; notes for the. guidance of employers to whose establishments men are assigned to work as army-reserve muntions workers; and summary of decisions on the appeal tribunals, 1916. Gebhard, Hannes. Cooperation in Finland. Edited by Lionel Smith-Gordon , librarian of Cooperative Reference Library , Dublin. London. Williams

& Nor gate.' 1916. 190 pp. and map. The first English edition of a standard work by one of the founders and

leaders of this movement, the earlier edition having appeared in German a few years ago. The present volume describes the origin of the movement and its growth in various countries and gives a full account of its development and

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194 MONTHLY EE VIEW OF THE BUREAU OF LABOK STATISTICS.

present status in Finland. The author believes " that any State aid which is given should be confined entirely to technical instruction or to grants for purely educational purposes, and should involve no subsidy to, and consequently no control of, the trading functions of cooperative societies." Notwithstanding the fact that the idea of cooperation has been winning " admirable triumphs " in one country after another, there are considerable limitations to its progress, " and we must not allow ourselves to look forward, as many idealists have done in the past, to a future in which all the business of all the nations will be carried on under cooperative forms." General Federation of Trade-unions, United Kingdom. 68th, 69th , and 10th

quarterly reports , June , September , and December , 1916. London , 1916 and 1917 . 8, 12, and 8 pp., respectively .

Comprise the quarterly statements of income and expenditure and reports of the management committee. . '

Jenkins, Frederick Warren. Russeïl Sage Foundation Library. New York, 1917. 42 PP.

A handbook on the history, scope, equipment, and methods of this library, with brief accounts of other collections in New York City of interest to sociul workers. Lahy, J. M. Le Système Taylor et la physiologie du travail professionel. Paris,

1916. X, 198 pp. A critique of the Taylor system. The author condemns Taylor's conception

of labor from the psychological and sociological as well as the industrial point of view. After giving a detailed definition and analysis of the Taylor system the author discusses vocational selection, wages and the system, the interior organization of the modern workshop, the physiology of labor, the problem of fatigue, and the value of the Taylor system. Lauck, W. Jett, and Sydenstrickeb, Edgar. Conditions of labor in American

industries ; a summarization of the results of recent investigations. New York and London , Funk & WagnaUs. 1917. '03 pp.

This is a statement of some of the fundamental conditions of labor in manufacturing and mining industries in the United States during the period from 1900 to 1914 or 1915, as ascertained by Federal, State, and private investigation and here summarized in a compact and practical handbook for the student of labor conditions. The authors are well fitted to undertake such a task, having been employed as experts in various investigations. According to the preface the book is not intended as a critical discussion of facts nor an argument in favor of or against any partisan conclusion or remedial program. Such conclusions as appear to be clearly warranted by authoritative data are suggested, but " the attempt has been made to avoid the statement of opinions or of conclusions which, although the authors may feel convinced of their truth, are not generally agreed upon as the actual results of the various inquiries." The general effects of Industrial changes since 191Õ are touched upon where the available data warrant any conclusions, but it is stated that the permanency of the changed conditions is regarded as prob- lematical.

The material is conveniently grouped under nine heads, as follows: I. The labor force; II. Wages and earnings; III. Loss in working time; IV. Condi- tions causing irregular employment; V. Working conditions; VI. The wage earner's family ; VII. Living conditions ; VIII. The wage earner's health ; and IX. The adequacy of wages and earnings. The volume includes an index and bibliography.

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MONTHLY REVIEW OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. 195

Lesson, Cech.. The child and the tear , being notes on juvenile delinquency. London , King, 1917 . 69 pp.

A discussion by the secretary of the Howard Association of the increase in the number of juvenile offenders during the war, which Home Office statistics show to be 34 per cent. While the cause is to be found chiefly in the with- drawal of parental and other adult influence, " the present abnormal demand for boy labor ♦ * * has much to answer for in increasing' juvenile delin- quency, particularly where boys of 12 and 13 are released from school for work ; and we have it on the authority of Sir James Yoxall, M. P., that from 150,000 to 200,000 children between the ages of 11 and 13 have been so released. It can not be mere coincidence that delinquency among lads of 12 and 13 has increased in greater proportion than it has among lads in the other age groups." National Conference on Marketing and Farm Credits. Collection of papers and documents read at fourth annual session , Chicago , December , 1916. Madison , Wis., 1917. 546 pp.

This volume records the addresses and much of the discussion of the con- ference in question, at which about 2,000 persons, representing more than 2,000,000 farmers, were present. The addresses, which the foreword describes as "constructive thoughts with regard to the working out of coordinated national and State policies," are grouped as follows: The Federal farm loan act and personal credit; Land settlement and immigration; Marketing of live- stock ; Marketing of grain and cheese ; Marketing of perishable farm products and milk; and The organization of agriculture. They deal with the pros and cons of the farm-loan act ; the problem of the insolvent settler and farmer ; credit unions, or cooperative banks, as operated in Canada and in some States ; the Negro and the southern tenant system; the inefficiency of our land settle- ment methods and policies and the better systems of certain other countries; cooperative marketing, and the encouragement of farmers* organizations. National Education Association of the United States. Addresses and

proceedings of the 54th annual meeting , held in New York in July , 1916 . Ann Arbor , 1916. 1112 pp. Includes papers on vocational and industrial education, continuation schools,

short-unit courses, English for foreigners, and other subjects of interest to labor and industry. National Housing Association. Housing problems in America . Proceedings of the fifth national conference , Providence, October , 1916. 563 pp.

A report of the proceedings of this conference appeared in the Monthly K e view for November, 1916, pages 00-63. National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education. Federal and State-aided vocational education. 140 West Forty-second Street. New York City , May , 1917. 59 pp.

A brief review of this report appears on pages 142 to 145 of this issue. Proceedings tenth annual meeting , Indianapolis , February 21-24 , 1917. Bulletin No. 24* 140 West Forty-second Street , New York City , Mau. 1917. 311 pp.

This report is noted on pages 145 to 149 of this issue of the Monthly Review. Boyal Society or Medicine. Discussion by the sections of medicine , pathology T and epidemiology , January , 1917 . The origin , symptoms , pathology , treat- ment, and prophylaxis of toxic jaundice observed in munition workers.

London, 1917 . 106 pp. Illustrated. Price, 7s. 6d, An extended review of this publication will appear in the August issue of the Monthly Review.

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196 MONTHLY REVIEW OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.

Secrétariat des Paysans Suisses. La question ouvrière agricole en Suisse * Quatrième partie: Propositions en vue de la solution du problème. Brougg , 1917 . 194 pp. ( Publications du Secrétariat des paysans suisses, No. 04.)

This is the fourth and final volume of a series of publications of the Swiss Farmers' Secretariat dealing with the argicultural labor problem in Switzer- land. The volume makes various suggestions for the solution of the problem of the shortage of agricultural labor. These suggestions include improvements of roads and drainage, suitable arrangement of farm buildings and outbuildings, substitution of power machinery for manual labor, etc. Silk Association of America. Forty-fifth Annual Report. New York , 1917.

169 pp. Contains the proceedings of the forty-fifth annual meeting of the association,

held in March, 1917, and a great quantity of statistical matter. Reports from various branches of the industry discuss the " serious and unprecedented prob- lems " of 1916, and give the cost, price, labor, market, and other conditions of the trade.

Preliminary statistics for the silk industry are taken from the United States Census of Manufacturers for 1914. These show increases between 1909 and 1914 as follows:

Per cent. Number of establishments 5. 8 Capital invested 38. 1 Number of wage earners 9. 2 Wages paid 22.1 Cost of materials 34.0 Value of product 29. 0

Of tlie 108,170 wage earners in 1914, 59 per cent were females. Of the 7,808 persons under 16 years of age, which number is 70 less than in 1909, 5,309 were girls. More than 6,000 of the children were in the spinning branch of the in- dustry. In 1909 only 4.8 per cent of the wage earners worked 54 hours or less per week. In 1914 the percentage was 58, and the change within recent months from a 10 to a 9-hour day will further increase this per cent. The year 1916 showed wage increases also. There are no noticeable seasonal variations in silk manufacturing, the number of employees varying comparatively little from month to month. Ward, Harry F. The labor movement from the standpoint of religious values.

New Yorkf Sturgis & Walton , 191 7. 199 pp. A verbatim stenographic report of a series of eight noonday lectures deliv-

ered at Ford Hall, Boston, in 1915, by the professor of social service of the Boston University School of Theology. The questions and answers of the open forum following each lecture, participated in by the " conglomerate crowd of ministers, business and professional men, socialists, labor unionists, and I. W. W.'s " that made up the audience, are included in the volume.

The eight subjects discussed by Dr. Ward are trade-unions, socialism, syn- dicalism, the demand for leisure, the demand for income, violence and its causes, labor and the law, and democracy and industry. Wein stock, Harris. Statement in answer to the criticisms of Senator Wm . 77.

Broim, of Los Angeles , relative to the administration of the California State market law. • San Francisco , March , 1917. 4$ PP.

A digest of this statement appears on pages 134 and 135 of this issue of the Monthly Review.

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MONTHLY BEVIEW OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. 197

Woodbury, Robert Morse. Social insurance: An économie analysis. New York , Holt , 1917 . 171 pp.

A critical study of the cost and value of social insurance, suggested by the frequent references in literature to the burden imposed by legislation for work- men's compensation and old-age pensions. The author traces the development and describes the present extent of social-insurance legislation, presents the argument for adequate protection even though it involve compulsion, and analyzes the economic and social effects of the system. His conclusions may be briefly stated as follows: Conditions of life are made more secure and the 44 unevennesses and irregularities " of the income of the individual are re- duced ; fruitful causes of discontent among the working class are removed ; in Germany the frequency of serious accidents has declined ; the cost of insurance is so small a part of the total cost of production that disastrous consequences to industry are not to be feared; concern lest thrift should be destroyed is in large measure groundless; the provision of compulsory insurance against sick- ness, accident, and superannuation is a definite step toward the elimination of poverty and the alleviation of hardship.

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