Unsteady Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines

Unsteady Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines

Proceedings of the 81h International Symposium held in Stockholm, Sweden, 14-18 September 1997

edited by

Torsten H. Fransson Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-94-010-6116-2 ISBN 978-94-011-5040-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5040-8

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

THE EIGHT INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON

UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS AND AEROELASTICITV OF TURBOMACHINES

(THE 8TH ISUAAT)

Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan September 14-18, 1997

Organized by Torsten H. Fransson

Supported by ABB STAL AB, Finspang (Hans Lennart Olausson)

Elforsk AB, Stockholm (Ulf Arvidsson) European Commission (Cost Action F1), Belgium (Rainer Gerold)

Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB, Osthammar (Henning Danielsson) Martinsson Elektronik AB, Stockholm (Evert Strang)

Matforum AB, Solna - Stockholm (Go ran Olsson) NUTEK (The Swedish National Board for Industrial and Technical

Development), Stockholm (Sten Afeldt) Polytec GmbH, Germany (Dr. Sell bach)

SAS (Scandinavia Airline System), Stockholm (Barbro Roth) Volvo Aero Corporation, Trollhattan (Ulf Olsson)

Wenner-Grens Center, Stockholm (Torvard Laurent)

The International Scientific Committee

Atassi, H.M. (USA) Bolcs, A. (Switzerland) Ffowcs Williams, J.E. (U.K.) Fransson, T. (Sweden) Gallus, H.E. (Germany) Gnesin, V.I. (Ukraine) Namba, M. (Japan)

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Saren, V.E. (Russia) Szechenyi, E. (France) Tanida, Y. (Japan) Verdon, J.M. (USA) Whitehead, D.S. (U.K.) Zhou, S. (P.R. China)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface ........................................................................................................................... xiii

I:General Unsteady Phenomena .................................................................................... 1

Theoretical Analyses of Rotating Cavitation in Inducers .................................................. 3 S. Watanabe, K. Yokota, Y. Tsujimoto, K. Kamijo

Non-Linear Critical Layer in the Unsteady Boundary Layer induced on a Flat.. ............ 19 Plate by Wakes Z. Wiereinski

A Numerical Analysis of Wakes Propagation in Inviscid Flow of Turbine .................... 35 P. Ferrand, S. Aubert, G. Oliveira, L. Smati,

2: Experimental Unsteady Flow Around Oscillating Blades-1.. ................................ 51

Three Dimensional Unsteady Flow Around a Turbine Blade Oscillating in ................... S3 Bending Mode: An Experimental and Computational Study D. L. Bell, L. He

Rotating Blade Row Oscillating Airfoil Aerodynamics .................................................. 67 K. K. Frey, S. Fleeter

Experimental Investigation of Unsteady Aerodynamic Characteristics of.. .................... 83 Transonic Compressor Cascades (Development of Test Facilities) I. Fujimoto, T. Hirano, H. Tanaka

Experimental Investigation of Unsteady PressureBehaviours ...................................... l03 in a Linear Turbine Cascade M. Norryd, A. Boles

3: Theoretical Studies of Unsteady Flow Around Oscillating Blades-1.. ............... 117

Calculation of Unsteady Forces Acting on the Profiles of Double Cascade ................. 119 Oscillating in a Fluid Flow O. V. Chernysheva, V. A. Yudin

Unsteady Disturbances in Swirling Turbomachinery Flows ......................................... 131 H. M. Atassi, V. V. Golubev

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Unsteady Forces on Annular Cascade Blades in Subsonic Flow with Swirl... .............. 147 V. V. Golubev, H. M. Atassi

Effect of Acoustic Control on the Flutter Boundaries of Supersonic Cascade .............. 165 K. Nagai, M. Namba

4: Theoretical Studies of Unsteady Flow Around Oscillating Blades-2 ....•.....•.••••. 181

Nonlinear Harmonic Analysis of Unsteady Transonic Inviscid and Viscous Flows ..... 183 L. He, W. Ning

Flutter Analysis of Two-Dimensional Viscous Subsonic and Transonic Flow in ......... 195 Turbomachines Using the Advection Upstream Splitting Method (AUSM) W. Hahn, T. H. Fransson

Three Dimensional Linearized Navier-Stokes Calculations for Flutter ........................ 211 and Forced Response D. G. Holmes, B. E. Mitchell, C. B. Lorence

Some Applications of a Time-Linearized Euler Method to Flutter & Forced ............... 225 Response in Turbomachinery J. G. Marshall, M. B. Giles

5: Compressor Flow Instabilities: Experiments ....................................................... 241

An Experimental Flow Investigation of an HP Five- Stage Compressor ...................... 243 Exhibiting Rotating Stall Due to Distorted Inlet Flow Conditions W. Jahnen, T. Peters, L. Fottner

High Speed Centrifugal Impeller and Diffuser Interaction Near Stall Conditions ........ 259 T. Yamane, T. Nagashima

Unsteady Flow and Turbulence in a Low Speed Axial Compressor.. ........................... 273 A. Sentker, W Riess

Unsteady Inlet/Compressor Interaction Experiment to Support the Modeling of ......... 287 Compressor-Face Boundary Conditions M. Sajben, D. D. Freund

6: Aeroelastic Coupling-I ..................•........................................................................ 301

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Tree-Dimensional Coupled Model for Aeroelastic Analysis of Turbomachine ........... .303 Blade Vibrations. Its Application to a Hydraulic Turbine Rotor V. B. Kurzin, S. N. Korobeinikov, V. P. Ryabchenko, L. A. Tkacheva

The 2D Flutter of a Bladed Disc in an Incompressible Flow ........................................ 317 R. Rzr;dkowski, V. Gnesin, A. Kovalyov

Structural Mistuning and Aerodynamic Coupling in Turbomachinery Bladings ......... .335 G. Kahl

Whole-Assembly Flutter Analysis of a Low Pressure Turbine Blade .......................... .347 A. /. Sayma, M. Vahdati, J. S. Green, M. Imregun

7: Experimental Blade Row Interactions •••.••••••••••••••••.•.••.••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••.•.•• 361

Passages of Preceding Blade Wakes and their Effects in the Rotor Passages of .......... .363 a Single Stage Axial-Flow Fan T. Adachi, Y. Yamashita

Forced Response Vibrations of a Low Pressure Turbine due to Circumferential ........ .379 Temperature Distortions S. R. Manwaring, K. L. Kirkeng

Investigation ofthe Boundary Layer Development on a Highly Loaded Low ............ .393 Pressure Turbine Cascade under the Influence of Unsteady Flow Conditions P. Acton, L. F ottner

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Unsteady Rotor-Stator Interaction ....... .407 on Axial Compressor Stage (with IGV) Performance V. E. Saren, N. M. Savin, D. J. Dorney, R. M. Zacharias

8: Theoretical Studies of Unsteady Flow Around Oscillating Blades-3 •.•.••••••......• 425

A 3D Linearized Euler Analysis for Blade Rows, ........................................................ .427 Part 1: Aerodynamic and Numerical Formulations M. D. Montgomery, J. M. Verdon

A 3D Linearized Euler Analysis for Blade Rows, ........................................................ .445 Part 2: Unsteady Aerodynamic Response Predictions J. M. Verdon, M. D. Montgomery

Analysis of Nonlinear Oscillating Cascade Aerodynamics Including .......................... .465 Separated Flow J. M. Wolff, S. Fleeter

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Numerical Solution of the Navier Stokes Equations for Unsteady Unstalled and ........ .477 Stalled Flow in Turbomachinery Cascades with Oscillating Blades s. Weber, H. E. Gallus, D. Peitsch

9: Compressor Flow Instabilities: Theory ................................................................ 493

Active Suppression of Compressor Flow Instability .................................................... .495 A. S. Abo Ellail, A. S. Hassan

On Sub-Cell Structure of Deep Rotating Stall in an Axial Compressor ....................... .511 D. Kato, E. Outa, K. Chiba

Stability Analysis of Supersonic Cascade Flow by Actuator Disk Methods ................ .525 K. Yokota, Y. Iwamoto, Y. Tsujimoto

10: Aeroelastic Coupling-2 ......................................................................................... 539

Semi-Unstructured Mesh Generator for Flow Calculations in Axial... ........................ .541 Turbomachinery Blading L. Sbardella, A. /. Sayma, M. Imregun

Aeroelastic Tailoring for Rotor Blades of Transonic Swept Fans ................................ .555 S.Zhou

Methods for Aeroelasticity in Propulsion .................................................................... .565 H. Mtirtensson, P. Groth

11: Theoretical Blade Row Interactions-2 ................................................................ 583

Preliminary Results of an Unsteady Throughflow Code to Simulate the ...................... 585 Start-up of a Multistaged Turbopump M. Debard, P. Ferrand, F. Leboeuf

Investigation of Stator-Rotor Interaction Phenomena in a Centrifugal Pump .............. .599 y. Marx

The 3D-Unsteady Aerodynamic Forces - The Forced Vibration of Bladed Discs ........ 613 V. Gnesin, R. RZ9dkowski

Parallel Computation of Rotor-Stator Interaction ......................................................... 633 P. Cizmas, R. Subramanya

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12: Experimental Unsteady Flow Around Oscillating Blades-2 .............................. 647

Correlation of Pressure and Hot Film Data on an Oscillating 20 ................................. 649 NACA63AOO6 Single Airfoil at High Incidence S. Svensdotter, U. Johansson, A. Kemppainen, T. Fransson,

A Basic Forced Response Experiment. ......................................................................... 665 M. Nowinski, P. Ott

Vibration Characteristics of a Transonic Turbine Cascade ........................................... 679 T. Watanabe, M. Aotsuka, Y. Machida

Periodic Fluctuation of Shock Waves in Transonic Cascade Flows ............................. 693 T. Shiratori, M. Matsushita, Y. Noguchi

13: Theoretical Studies of Unsteady Flow Around Oscillating Blades-4 •.••••.•.••.•.• 705

Part-Speed Flutter Analysis of a Wide-Chord Fan Blade ............................................. 707 J. W. Chew, J. G. Marshall, M. Vahdati, M.lmregun

The Effect of the Blade Vibration Mode on a Flutter in a Transonic Fan ..................... 725 K. lsomura

Role of Shock Structures in Transonic Fan Rotor Flutter ............................................. 733 T. Shibata, S. Kaji

Comparison of Numerical Schemes to Investigate Blade Flutter .................................. 749 L. Smati, S. Aubert, P. Ferrand, F. Massiio

14: Theoretical Studies of Unsteady Flow Around Oscillating Blades-5 •.••••••.••.•.• 765

Eigenmode Analysis of Unsteady Viscous Flows in Turbomachinery Cascades .......... 767 R. Florea, K. C. Hall, P. G. A. Cizmas

Transonic Cascade Flutter in Combined Bending-Chordwise Translational Mode ...... 783 S. Kaji

On the Prediction of Dynamic Stall Onset on Airfoils in Low Speed Flow .................. 797 K. D. Jones, M. F. Platzer

15: Theoretical Studies of Unsteady Flow Around Oscillating Blades-6 •.••••.•.•••••• 813

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Flutter of Aircraft Engine Low Pressure Turbine Blades: Oscillating Cascade ............ 815 Experiments and Analysis J. Panovsky, M. Nowinski, A. Boles

Comparison ofDLT and CFD Predictions of Unsteady Aerodynamic Force on .......... 831 Vibrating Supersonic Through- Flow Fan Cascade M. Namba, N. Yamasaki, T. Otsuka

Chairperson index ......................................................................................................... 847

Author Index ................................................................................................................. 848

List of participants ........................................................................................................ 850

Preface

Twenty-one years have passed since the first symposium in this series was held in Paris (1976). Since then there have been meetings in Lausanne (1980), Cambridge (1984), Aachen (1987), Beijing (1989), Notre Dame (1991) and Fukuoka (1994). During this period a tremendous development in the field of unsteady aerodynamics and aeroelasticity in turbomachines has taken place. As steady-state flow conditions become better known, and as blades in the turbomachine are constantly pushed towards lower weight, and higher load and efficiency, the importance of unsteady phenomena appear more clearly.

The 8th Symposium was, as the previous ones, of high quality. Furthermore, it presented the audience with the latest developments in experimental, numerical and theoretical research. More papers than ever before were submitted to the conference. As the organising committee wanted to preserve the uniqueness of the symposium by having single sessions, and thus mingle speakers and audience with different backgrounds in this interdisciplinary field, only a limited number of papers could be accepted. 54 papers were accepted and presented at the meeting, all of which are included in the present proceedings.

These papers cover a broad range of unsteady flow and aeroelastic phenomena in turbomachines. The state-of-the-art is clearly recognised in this volume. Comparing this with the knowledge in 1976, it is clearly seen that the aeroelastic community has come a long way in these years. Experimental data at high incidence, transonic flow conditions have now been obtained at mid-span on configurations in linear and annular test facilities. Numerical prediction models are capable of predicting fully three­dimensional unsteady viscous flow conditions. Analytical aspects related to the two­dimensional far-field boundary conditions and coupling between blade rows are much better known today.

There are still considerable challenges throughout the whole domain of unsteady effects in the broad sense. Mathematical aspects related to the formulation of three-dimensional wave propagation and boundary conditions, and experiments related to the three-dimensional propagation of unsteady perturbations at high incidence and transonic flow are two of these. Wake and potential influence on the unsteady blade load can still not be calculated with a high degree of accuracy. Various flow-structure coupling schemes will be of higher significance as new materials will be used in the blades. Faster computations with vectorized and parallel prediction models will be necessary. Furthermore, indications of "time-averaged" efficiency gains will certainly mean that a lot of effort will be put into the field of unsteady effects on the "steady­state" flow in the future. Finally, although existing prediction models are applied towards unsteady flow under real operating conditions, it is not yet possible to fully trust the results.

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It will be a challenging and interesting period in Unsteady Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity in Turbomachines over the next few years. The 9th Symposium will be held at the Ecole Centrale in Lyon, France, in the year 2000. The Scientific Committee of the Symposium series wishes you an interesting research and development phase until then, and look forward to meeting you in Lyon.

Last but not least, the Scientific Committee would like to express its gratitude to the organisations and individuals who financially supported the 8th Symposium, as well as the supporters of the previous meetings. These scientific high quality meetings could not have taken place without these contributions.

Torsten H. Fransson Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan