Telugu Alphabet
Telugu Learning Kit
Workbook for Module 1
≥̀Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂Å
C P Brown AcademyThe Alpha Foundation
Hyderabad
Telugu Alphabet Learning Kit Workbook for Module-1
Transliterator: G Ramesh Babu
Managing Editor: GRK Murty
Consulting Editor: SS Prabhakar Rao
Editorial Support:
C Rama Devi, Y Anand
T Rajendra Prasad
Chief Visualizer: A Bangaru Babu
Visualizer: S Ganesh
Illustrations: B Anjaneyulu
@ 2008 C.P. Brown Academy. All Rights Reserved.
Although every care has been taken to avoid errors and omissions, this publication is being sold on
the condition and understanding that the information given in this book is merely for reference and
must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editor, publisher or
sellers.
Neither this book nor any part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording or by any information
storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Only the publishers can export this book from India. Infringement of this condition of sale will lead to
civil and criminal prosecution.
First Edition: 2008
Printed in India
Published by
C P Brown Academy
8, Dwarakapuri Colony, Punjagutta
Hyderabad - 500 082, India.
Website: www.alphacharities.org
Printed at:
M/s. ICIT Software Centre Private Ltd.
1, Technocrat Industrial Estate
Balanagar Cross Roads
Hyderabad-500 037, India.
Foreword
The Module-1, “Telugu Varnamala”, is intended to help the Telugu
speakers, who cannot read/write Telugu, to pick up a reasonable level of
linguistic competence, through Roman script. The symbols used in this
book are intended to facilitate the transliteration template of the vowels,
consonants, gunintamulu and the vowel-consonant clusters, i.e., vottulu.
The relationship of the Roman character with the Telugu letter and its
pronunciation have been clearly explained with examples to aid phonetics.
For instance, the symbol ‘a’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘J’ that sounds
like ‘o’ as in the word ‘come’. Let us take another example. The symbol
‘c’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘K«’ that sounds like ‘ch’ as in the word
‘church’. The Module-1 is thus quite self-explanatory and is certain to
help those who desire to learn Telugu through the medium of English.
The workbook provided along with it is scientifically designed for practice
to help the learners pickup reading and writing of Telugu, satisfactorily.
We know that some of the alphabet and their sounds are difficult to
pronounce and quite a few are not in popular use. They do not even matter
in the acquisition of linguistic skills. However, we have included all the
Telugu letters irrespective of their usage in order to introduce them all to
the learners.
Enjoy!
SS Prabhakar Rao
.
-
.
Vowels (JK«∞ÛÅ∞: Acculu)
≥̀Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂ÅTELUGU ALPHABET
J*acome
P–
farW D
L T |∞∞ |∞∂
Z U B
SX F
JóJO
i i
bit feel
u
wood
u
cool
ru
rusi root
.
.lu
–a
– ru.–
.lu– e e–
get stake mite
ai
oatrotate out
halfsome
oo au
am ah
–
..
look loop
* ‘a’ stands for ‘J’ and sounds like ‘o’ as in ‘come’. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.
..
4
Consonants (Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡Å∞ : Hallulu)36 Characters
*k
silk
kh
khaki
g
go
gh
ghost
n
prajna
c
church
ch
witch
j
jug
t
take
th
nilakantha
d
bird
dh
asadha
n
prana
t
tabala
th
thumb
d
though
dh
dhoti
n
nature
Hõ Y QÆ Ñ¶¨∞ V- .
.
. . . . .
. . .- - .
-
K« Kè« [
@ ~î° _» _è» }
`« ^äŒ ^Œ ^èŒ #* ‘k’ stands for ‘Hõ’ and sounds like ‘k’ as in ‘silk’. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.
.c
.capaK«
.j
.jabili[
ÎÎ- -
jh
jhansi
n
sanjna
~
~-~°≠ &
- - .
5
y
young
r
rust
l
lump
l
kalimata
v
levy
s
sastry
s
ship
s
sun
h
home
ksh
raksha
r
error
- --.
.
.
Ü«∞ ~° à◊.Å
= â◊ +¨ ã¨
Ç¨Ï Hõ∆ é
p
cup
ph
phone
b
bat
bh
bharat
m
monthѨ Ѷ¨ | Éèí =∞
-
Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants
(((((LÉèíÜ«∂Hõ∆~åÅ∞::::: Ubhayaksharalu)
(ã̈∞#fl = O – Sunna) (J~°ã̈∞#fl = ñ – Arasunna) (qã̈~°æ = ó - Visarga)
Note: Five Telugu characters are not in general use.
They are K« [
– –
Í Í |∞∂
6
.lu .lu- .c .j ru-
.
´
´
a
come far
a–
i
bit feel
i–
wood
u
How to write Vowels?JK«∞ÛÅ∞ U q è̂ŒOQÍ „"åÜ«∂e?
u–
cool
ru.
rusi
root
ru
.
.–
.
7
e
get
ai
mite
e
stake
-
o
rotate
o
oat
- au
out
some
am
half
ah.
.
8
k
silk
kh
khaki
gh
ghost
g
go
n
prajna
.
c
church
ch
witch
j
jug
jh
jhansi
sanjna
n~
How to write Consonants?
Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡Å∞ U q è̂ŒOQÍ „"åÜ«∂e?
.
–
–
~
9
t
take
th
nilakantha
. .
d
bird
. dh
asadha
n
prana
.
–
t
tabala
th
thumb
d
though
dh
dhoti
n
nature
.
. .
.
–
–
–
.
–
10
p
cup
ph
phone
b
bat
bh
bharat
m
month
young
y r
rust
l
lump
l
kalimata
.
–
v
levy
s
sastry
–
.
–
–
11
´
´
s
s
sun
h
home
ksh
raksha
r
error
ship
.
.
12
How to write Vowels?For practice
i
a
–a
i–
13
–e
e
ru.
–u
u
–ru.
14
ai
o
o–
au
am.
ah.
15
How to write Consonants?For practice
kh
g
k
gh
n.
16
c
ch
j
jh
n~
17
t.
th.
d.
dh.
n.
18
t
d
dh
n
19
th
p
ph
b
bh
m
20
y
r
l
.l
v
21
s
s.
s
h
ksh
r.
22
´
Exercise 1: Identify the Vowels
J
Hõ
QÆ
Ѷ¨∞
V
K«
@
~î°
}
Ѩ
|
Ü«∞
P
D
Z
~°
#
~°≠
L
U
S
«̀
è̂Œ
Œ̂
à◊
Å
_è»
JO
B
~
ó
X
|∞∞
W
&
Kè«23
Exercise 2: Identify the Consonants
J
Hõ
P
QÆ
W
Y
D
Ѷ¨∞
L
V
T
Z
_»
U
_è»
S
~î°
X
@
F
&
B
JO
}
Jó
=∞
|∞∞
Œ̂
|∞∂
è̂Œ
Ѩ
Éèí
+¨
â◊
JO
ã¨
Jó
=
B
Ü«∞
~°≠
à◊
[
~°24
Exercise 3: Differentiate the Letters
F – o B – au
X – o | – b
V – n [ – j
& – n W – i
[ – j X – o
~°≠ – jh Ѷ¨∞ – gh
è̂Œ – dh ä̂ŒèŒ – th
# – n } – n
Å – l à◊ – l
~° – r é – r
~° – r ~î° – th
â◊ – s ã̈ – s
~
25
´
+¨ – s â◊ – s
T – u D – i
JO – am Jó – ah
=∞ – m Ü«∞ – y
Ѷ¨ – ph Éèí – bh
Å – l @ – t
Y – kh Éèí – bh
Ѩ – p U – e
Hõ – k Hõ∆ – ksh
~î° – th ^äŒ – th
Z – e U – e
U – e S – ai26
´
Symbols of GunintamuluTelugu Letter Roman Character Symbol How to write Symbol For practice
J a
P a
W i
D i
L u
T u
|∞∞ ru
|∞∂ ru
Z e
U e
S ai
X o
F o
B au
JO am
Jó ah
.
.
.
.
–
–
–
–
.
–
.
–
27
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Hõ— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ka-Gunintamu).
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
H± { J ´ Hõ – ka
Hõ { P ´ HÍ – ka
Hõ { W ´ H˜ – ki
Hõ { D ´ H© – ki
Hõ { L ´ ‰õΩ – ku
Hõ { T ´ ‰õÄ – ku
Hõ { |∞∞ ´ Hõ$ – kru
Hõ { |∞∂ ´ Hõ$Ï – kru
Hõ { Z ´ ÔH – ke
Hõ { U ´ ˆH – ke
Hõ { S ´ ÔH· – kai
Hõ { X ´ H˘ – ko
Hõ { F ´ HÀ – ko
Hõ { B ´ H“ – kau
Hõ { JO ´ HõO – kam
Hõ { Jó ´ Hõó – kah
.
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
–
–
28
For practice ka Gunintamu (Hõ #∞O_ç Hõó)
Hõ HÍ H˜˜ H© ‰õΩ ‰õÄ Hõ$ Hõ$Ï ÔH ˆH ÔH· H˘ HÀ H“ HõO Hõó
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
.
29
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Y— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (kha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
Mò { J ´ Y – kha
Y { P ´ MÏ – kha
Y { W ´ d – khi
Y { D ´ v – khi
Y { L ´ Y∞ – khu
Y { T ´ Y∂ – khu
Y { |∞∞ ´ Y$ – khru
Y { |∞∂ ´ Y$Ï – khru
Y { Z ´ M̌ – khe
Y { U ´ MË – khe
Y { S ´ M̌· – khai
Y { X ´ MÁ – kho
Y { F ´ M’ – kho
Y { B ´ M∫ – khau
Y { JO ´ YO – kham
Y { Jó ´ Yó – khah
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
.–
30
For practice: kha Gunintamu ( Y #∞O_ç Yó)
Y MÏ d v Y∞ Y∂ Y$ Y$Ï Mˇ MË Mˇ· MÁ M’ M∫ YO Yó
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
.
31
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'QÆ— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ga-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
Q∑ { J ´ QÆ – ga
QÆ { P ´ QÍ – ga
QÆ { W ´ y – gi
QÆ { D ´ w – gi
QÆ { L ´ QÆ∞ – gu
QÆ { T ´ QÆ∂ – gu
QÆ { |∞∞ ´ QÆ$ – gru
QÆ { |∞∂ ´ QÆ$Ï – gru
QÆ { Z ´ ÔQ – ge
QÆ { U ´ ˆQ – ge
QÆ { S ´ ÔQ·· – gai
QÆ { X ´ Q˘ – go
QÆ { F ´ QÀ – go
QÆ { B ´ Q“ – gau
QÆ { JO ´ QÆO – gam
QÆ { Jó ´ QÆó – gah.
–
–
.
–
–
–
.
.
–
32
For practice: ga Gunintamu ( QÆ #∞O_ç QÆó)
QÆ QÍ y w QÆ∞ QÆ∂ QÆ$ QÆ$Ï ÔQˇ ˆQË ÔQ·̌· Q˘ QÀ Q“ QÆO QÆó
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
.
33
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ѷ̈∞— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (gha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
Ѷπ∞ { J ´ Ѷ¨∞ – gha
Ѷ∞̈ { P ´ Ѷ∂̈ – gha
Ѷ∞̈ { W ´ Ѷ≤∞ – ghi
Ѷ∞̈ { D ´ Ѷ‘∞ – ghi
Ѷ∞̈ { L ´ ѶÚ̈ – ghu
Ѷ∞̈ { T ´ Ѷ¨̧ – ghu
Ѷ∞̈ { |∞∞ ´ Ѷ∞̈$ – ghru
Ѷ∞̈ { |∞∂ ´ Ѷ∞̈$Ï – ghru
Ѷ∞̈ { Z ´ ÃѶ∞ – ghe
Ѷ∞̈ { U ´ ¿Ñ¶∞ – ghe
Ѷ∞̈ { S ´ ÃѶ∞ÿ – ghai
Ѷ∞̈ { X ´ Ѷ∞̈Á – gho
Ѷ∞̈ { F ´ Ѷ∞̈’ – gho
Ѷ∞̈ { B ´ Ѷ∞̈ø – ghau
Ѷ∞̈ { JO ´ Ѷ∞̈O – gham
Ѷ∞̈ { Jó ´ Ñ¶∞̈ó – ghah
.
–
–
.
–
–
–
.
.
–
34
For practice: gha Gunintamu ( Ѷ̈∞ #∞O_ç Ѷ̈∞ó)
Ѷ̈∞ Ѷ̈∂ Ѷ≤∞ Ѷ‘∞ Ѷ̈Ú Ñ¶̈¸ Ѷ̈∞$ Ѷ̈∞$Ï ÃѶ∞ ¿Ñ¶∞ ÃѶ∞ÿ Ѷ̈∞Á Ѷ̈∞’ Ѷ̈∞ø Ѷ̈∞O Ѷ̈∞ó
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
.
35
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'K«— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ca-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
Kü { J ´ K« – ca
K« { P ´ Kå – ca
K« { W ´ z – ci
K« { D ´ p – ci
K« { L ´ K«∞ – cu
K« { T ´ K«∂ – cu
K« { |∞∞ ´ K«$ – cru
K« { |∞∂ ´ K«$Ï – cru
K« { Z ´ K≥ – ce
K« { U ´ KÕ – ce
K« { S ´ K≥· – cai
K« { X ´ K˘ – co
K« { F ´ KÀ – co
K« { B ´ KÒ – cau
K« { JO ´ K«O – cam
K« { Jó ´ K«ó – cah
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
.
–
36
For practice: ca Gunintamu ( K«Æ #∞O_ç K«Æó)
K« Kå z p K«∞ K«∂ K«$ K«$Ï K≥ KÕ K≥· K˘ KÀ KÒ K«O K«ó
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«Æ
K«
K«
K«
.
37
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Kè««— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (cha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
Kèü { J ´ Kè« – cha
Kè« { P ´ Kèå – cha
Kè« { W ´ zè – chi
Kè« { D ´ pè – chi
Kè« { L ´ Kè«∞ – chu
Kè« { T ´ Kè«∂ – chu
Kè« { |∞∞ ´ Kè««$ – chru
Kè« { |∞∂ ´ Kè««$Ï – chru
Kè« { Z ´ Kè≥ – che
Kè« { U ´ KèÕ – che
Kè« { S ´ Kè≥· – chai
Kè« { X ´ Kè̆ – cho
Kè« { F ´ KèÀ – cho
Kè« { B ´ KèÒ – chau
Kè« { JO ´ Kè«O – cham
Kè« { Jó ´ Kè«ó – chah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
.
–
38
For practice: cha Gunintamu ( Kè« #∞O_ç Kè«ó)
Kè« Kèå zè pè Kè«∞ Kè«∂ Kè«$ Kè«$Ï Kè≥ KèÕ Kè≥· Kè̆ KèÀ KèÒ Kè«O Kè«ó
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
.
39
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '[— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ja-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
*ò { J ´ [ – ja
[ { P ´ *Ï – ja
[ { W ´ l – ji
[ { D ´ r – ji
[ { L ´ A – ju
[ { T ´ E – ju
[ { |∞∞ ´ [$ – jru
[ { |∞∂ ´ [$Ï – jru
[ { Z ´ *ˇ – je
[ { U ´ *Ë – je
[ { S ´ *·̌· – jai
[ { X ´ *Á – jo
[ { F ´ *’ – jo
[ { B ´ *∫ – jau
[ { JO ´ [O – jam
[ { Jó ´ [ó – jah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
40
For practice: ja Gunintamu ( [ #∞O_ç [ó)
[ *Ï l r A E [$ [$Ï *≥ *Õ *·̌ *Á *’ *∫ [O [ó.
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
41
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°≠— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (jha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
~ü≠ { J ´ ~°≠ – jha
~°≠ { P ´ ~°≠Ï – jha
~°≠ { W ´ i≠ – jhi
~°≠ { D ´ s≠ – jhi
~°≠ { L ´ ~°≠∞ – jhu
~°≠ { T ´ ~°≠∂– jhu
~°≠ { |∞∞ ´ ~°≠$ – jhru
~°≠ { |∞∂ ´ ~°≠$Ï– jhru
~°≠ { Z ´ Ô~≠ – jhe
~°≠ { U ´ ˆ~≠ – jhe
~°≠ { S ´ Ô~≠ÿ – jhai
~°≠ { X ´ Ô~≠∞ – jho
~°≠ { F ´ Ô~≠Ï – jho
~°≠ { B ´ ~°≠ø – jhau
~°≠ { JO ´ ~°≠O– jham
~°≠ { Jó ´ ~°≠ó – jhah
.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
.–
42
For practice: jha Gunintamu ( ~°≠ #∞O_ç ~°≠ó).~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠Ï i≠ s≠ ~°≠∞~°≠∂ ~°≠$ ~°≠$Ï Ô~≠ Ô~≠ÿ Ô~≠∞ Ô~≠Ï ~°≠ø ~°≠O ~°≠ó~¡-~̂≠
43
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '@— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ta-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
. .
\ò { J ´ @ – ta
@ { P ´ \Ï – ta
@ { W ´ \̃ – ti
@ { D ´ \© – ti
@ { L ´ @∞ – tu
@ { T ´ @∂ – tu
@ { |∞∞ ´ @$ – tru
@ { |∞∂ ´ @$Ï – tru
@ { Z ´ >̌ – te
@ { U ´ >Ë – te
@ { S ´ >̌ÿ – tai
@ { X ´ \Á – to
@ { F ´ \’ – to
@ { B ´ \∫ – tau
@ { JO ´ @O – tam
@ { Jó ´ @ó – tah.
–
–
.
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
44
For practice: ta Gunintamu ( @ #∞O_ç @ó)
@ \Ï \˜ \© @∞ @∂ @$ @$Ï >̌ >Ë >·ˇ· \Á \’ \∫ @O @ó
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
..
45
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~î°— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (tha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
. .
~îü { J ´ ~î° – tha
~î° { P ´ ~îå – tha
~î° { W ´ iî – thi
~î° { D ´ sî – thi
~î° { L ´ ~î°∞ – thu
~î° { T ´ ~î°∂ – thu
~î° { |∞∞ ´ ~î°$ – thru
~î° { |∞∂ ´ ~î°$Ï – thru
~î° { Z ´ Ô~î – the
~î° { U ´ ~̂î – the
~î° { S ´ Ô~î· – thai
~î° { X ´ ~î̆ – tho
~î° { F ´ ~îÀ – tho
~î° { B ´ ~î“ – thau
~î° { JO ´ ~î°O – tham
~î° { Jó ´ ~î°ó – thah
.
–
–
.
–
–
–
.
.
–
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.
46
For practice tha Gunintamu (~î° #∞O_ç ~î°ó)
~î° ~îå iî sî ~î°∞ ~î°∂ ~î°$ ~î°õ$Ï ÔÔ~î ˆ~î Ô~î·· ~î̆ ~îÀ ~î“ ~î°O ~î°õó
~î°
~î°õ
~î°õ
~î°
~î°õ
~î°õ
~î°õ
~î°õ
~î°õ
~î°
~î°
~î°õ
~î°
~î°õ
~î°õ
~î°õ
..
47
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_»— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (da-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
. .
_£ { J ´ _» – da
_» { P ´ _® – da
_» { W ´ _ç – di
_» { D ´ _ô – di
_» { L ´ _»∞ – du
_» { T ´ _»∂ – du
_» { |∞∞ ´ _»$ – dru
_» { |∞∂ ´ _»$Ï – dru
_» { Z ´ _≥ˇ – de
_» { U ´ _Õ – de
_» { S ´ _≥ÿ – dai
_» { X ´ _˘ – do
_» { F ´ _À – do
_» { B ´ _Ò – dau
_» { JO ´ _»O – dam
_» { Jó ´ _»ó – dah.
–
–
.
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
48
For practice: da Gunintamu ( _» #∞O_ç _»ó)
_» _® _ç _ô _»∞ _»∂ _»$ _»$Ï _≥ _ÕË _≥·̌· _˘ _À _Ò _»O _»ó
_»
_Æ
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
..
49
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_è»»— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (dha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
. .
_è£ { J ´ _è» – dha
_è» { P ´ _è® – dha
_è» { W ´ _èç – dhi
_è» { D ´ _èô – dhi
_è» { L ´ _è»∞ – dhu
_è» { T ´ _è»∂ – dhu
_è» { |∞∞ ´ _è»$ – dhru
_è» { |∞∂ ´ _è»$Ï – dhru
_è» { Z ´ _è≥ – dhe
_è» { U ´ _èÕ – dhe
_è» { S ´ _è≥· – dhai
_è» { X ´ _è̆ – dho
_è» { F ´ _èÀ – dho
_è» { B ´ _èÒ – dhau
_è» { JO ´ _è»O – dham
_è» { Jó ´ _è»ó – dhah
.
–
–
.
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
50
For practice: dha Gunintamu ( _è» #∞O_ç _è»ó)
_è» _è® _èç _èô _è»∞ _è»∂ _è»$ _è»$Ï _è≥ _èÕ _è≥· _è̆ _èÀ _èÒ _è»O _è»ó
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»Æ
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»Æ
_è»
..
51
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '}— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (na-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
. .
}ü { J ´ } – na
} { P ´ }Ï – na
} { W ´ }˜ – ni
} { D ´ }© – ni
} { L ´ }∞ – nu
} { T ´ }∂ – nu
} { |∞∞ ´ }$ – nru
} { |∞∂ ´ }$Ï – nru
} { Z ´ }ˇ – ne
} { U ´ }Ë – ne
} { S ´ }ÿ̌ÿ – nai
} { X ´ }˘ – no
} { F ´ }À – no
} { B ´ }∫ – nau
} { JO ´ }O – nam
} { Jó ´ }ó – nah.
–
–
.
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
52
For practice: na Gunintamu ( } #∞O_ç }ó)
} }Ï }˜ }© }∞ }∂ }$ }$Ï }̌ }Ë }ˇÿ }˘ }À }∫ }O }ó
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
..
53
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '̀ «— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ta-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
`ü { J ´ `« – ta
«̀ { P ´ `å – ta
«̀ { W ´ u – ti
«̀ { D ´ f – ti
«̀ { L ´ «̀∞ – tu
«̀ { T ´ «̀∂ – tu
«̀ { |∞∞ ´ «̀$ – tru
«̀ { |∞∂ ´ «̀$Ï – tru
«̀ { Z ´ ≥̀ – te
«̀ { U ´ Õ̀ – te
«̀ { S ´ ≥̀·· – tai
«̀ { X ´ `˘ – to
«̀ { F ´ `À – to
«̀ { B ´ `Ò – tau
«̀ { JO ´ «̀O – tam
«̀ { Jó ´ `«ó – tah
.
–
–
.
–
–
–
.
.
–
54
For practice: ta Gunintamu ( «̀ #∞O_ç «̀ó)
`« `å u f `«∞ `«∂ `«$ `«$Ï `≥ `Õ `≥· `˘ `À `Ò `«O `«ó
`«Æ
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
.
55
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '̂ 䌗 QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (tha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
ä̂£ { J ´ ä̂Œ – tha
ä̂Œ { P ´ ä̂• – tha
ä̂Œ { W ´ kä – thi
ä̂Œ { D ´ nä – thi
ä̂Œ { L ´ ä̂Œ∞ – thu
ä̂Œ { T ´ ä̂Œ∂ – thu
ä̂Œ { |∞∞ ´ ä̂Œ$ – thru
ä̂Œ { |∞∂ ´ ä̂Œ$Ï – thru
ä̂Œ { Z ´ ä̂≥ – the
ä̂Œ { U ´ ä̂ÕË – the
ä̂Œ { S ´ ä̂≥· – thai
ä̂Œ { X ´ ä̆̂ – tho
ä̂Œ { F ´ ^äÀ – tho
ä̂Œ { B ´ ^äÒ – thau
ä̂Œ { JO ´ ä̂ŒO – tham
ä̂Œ { Jó ´ ä̂Œó – thah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
56
For practice: tha Gunintamu ( ä̂Œ #∞O_ç ä̂Œó)
^äŒ ^ä• kä nä ^äŒ∞ ^äŒ∂ ^äŒ$ ^äŒ$Ï ^ä≥ ^äÕ ^ä≥· ^ä˘ ^äÀ ^äÒ ^äŒO ^äŒó
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
.
57
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '̂ Œ— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (da-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
£̂ { J ´ Œ̂ – da
Œ̂ { P ´ ^• – da
Œ̂ { W ´ k – di
Œ̂ { D ´ n – di
Œ̂ { L ´ Œ̂∞ – du
Œ̂ { T ´ Œ̂∂ – du
Œ̂ { |∞∞ ´ Œ̂$ – dru
Œ̂ { |∞∂ ´ Œ̂$Ï – dru
Œ̂ { Z ´ ^≥ – de
Œ̂ { U ´ ^Õ – de
Œ̂ { S ´ ≥̂· – dai
Œ̂ { X ´ ˘̂ – do
Œ̂ { F ´ ^À – do
Œ̂ { B ´ ^Ò – dau
Œ̂ { JO ´ Œ̂O – dam
Œ̂ { Jó ´ Œ̂ó – dah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
.–
58
For practice: da Gunintamu ( Œ̂ #∞O_ç Œ̂ó)
Œ̂ ^• k n Œ̂∞ Œ̂∂ Œ̂$ Œ̂$Ï ^̌ Õ̂ ≥̂· ^˘ ^À ^Ò Œ̂O Œ̂ó
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
.
59
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '̂ 茌— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (dha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
è̂£ { J ´ è̂Œ – dha
è̂Œ { P ´ è̂• – dha
è̂Œ { W ´ kè – dhi
è̂Œ { D ´ nè – dhi
è̂ŒŒ { L ´ è̂Œ∞ – dhu
è̂Œ { T ´ è̂Œ∂ – dhu
è̂ŒŒ { |∞∞ ´ è̂Œ$ – dhru
è̂ŒŒ { |∞∂ ´ è̂ŒŒ$Ï – dhru
è̂Œ { Z ´ è̂≥≥ – dhe
è̂Œ { U ´ è̂Õ – dhe
è̂Œ { S ´ è̂≥· – dhai
è̂Œ { X ´ è̆̂ – dho
è̂Œ { F ´ ^èÀ – dho
è̂Œ { B ´ ^èÒ – dhau
è̂ŒŒ { JO ´ è̂ŒO – dham
è̂Œ { Jó ´ è̂ŒŒó – dhah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
60
For practice: dha Gunintamu ( è̂ŒŒ #∞O_ç è̂Œó)
è̂Œ è̂• kè nè è̂Œ∞ è̂Œ∂ è̂Œ$ è̂Œ$Ï è̂≥ è̂Õ è̂≥· è̂̆ è̂À è̂Ò è̂ŒO è̂Œó
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
.
61
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '#— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (na-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
For practice: na Gunintamu ( # #∞O_ç #ó)
#
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ñ̈— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (pa-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
Ñπ { J ´ Ѩ – pa
Ñ̈ { P ´ áê – pa
Ñ̈ { W ´ Ñ≤ – pi
Ñ̈ { D ´ Ñ‘ – pi
Ñ̈ { L ´ Ñ̈Ù – pu
Ñ̈ { T ´ Ñ̈Ó – pu
Ñ̈ { |∞∞ ´ Ñ̈$ – pru
Ñ̈ { |∞∂ ´ Ñ̈$Ï – pru
Ñ̈ { Z ´ ÃÑ – pe
Ñ̈ { U ´ ¿Ñ – pe
Ñ̈ { S ´ ÃÑ· – pai
Ñ̈ { X ´ á⁄ – po
Ñ̈ { F ´ áÈ – po
Ñ̈ { B ´ ᜠ– pau
Ñ̈ { JO ´ Ñ̈O – pam
Ñ̈ { Jó ´ Ñ̈ó – pah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
64
For practice: pa Gunintamu ( Ñ̈ #∞O_ç Ñ̈ó )
Ñ̈ áê Ñ≤ Ñ‘ Ñ̈Ù Ñ̈Ó Ñ̈$ Ñ̈$Ï ÃÑ ¿Ñ ÃÑ· á⁄ áÈ áœ Ñ̈O Ñ̈ó
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ñ̈
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
.
65
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ѷ̈— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (pha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
Ѷπ { J ´ Ѷ¨ – pha
Ѷ¨ { P ´ á¶ê – pha
Ѷ¨ { W ´ Ѷ≤ – phi
Ѷ¨ { D ´ Ѷ‘ – phi
Ѷ¨ { L ´ Ѷ̈Ù – phu
Ѷ¨ { T ´ ѶÓ̈ – phu
Ѷ¨ { |∞∞ ´ Ѷ$̈ – phru
Ѷ¨ { |∞∂ ´ Ѷ$̈Ï – phru
Ѷ¨ { Z ´ ÃѶ – phe
Ѷ¨ { U ´ ¿Ñ¶ – phe
Ѷ¨ { S ´ ÃѶ· – phai
Ѷ¨ { X ´ á¶⁄ – pho
Ѷ¨ { F ´ á¶È – pho
Ѷ¨ { B ´ ᶜ – phau
Ѷ¨ { JO ´ Ñ¶Ö – pham
Ѷ¨ { Jó ´ Ñ¶ó̈ – phah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
.
–
66
For practice: pha Gunintamu (Ѷ̈ #∞O_ç Ѷ̈ó)
Ѷ̈ á¶ê Ѷ≤ Ѷ‘ Ѷ̈٠Ѷ̈Ó Ñ¶̈$ Ѷ̈$Ï ÃѶ ¿Ñ¶ ÃѶ· á¶⁄ á¶È ᶜ Ѷ̈O Ѷ̈ó
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
Ѷ̈
.
67
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '|— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ba-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
Éò { J ´ | – ba
| { P ´ ÉÏ – ba
| { W ´ a – bi
| { D ´ c – bi
| { L ´ |∞ – bu
| { T ´ |∂ – bu
| { |∞∞ ´ |$ – bru
| { |∞∂ ´ |$Ï – bru
| { Z ´ É̌ – be
| { U ´ ÉË – be
| { S ´ É̌· – bai
| { X ´ ÉÁ – bo
| { F ´ É’ – bo
| { B ´ É∫ – bau
| { JO ´ |O – bam
| { Jó ´ |ó – bah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
68
For practice: ba Gunintamu (| #∞O_ç |ó)
| ÉÏ a c |∞ |∂ |$ |$Ï É̌ ÉËË É̌· ÉÁ É’ É∫ |O |ó
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
69
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Éèí— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (bha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
Éèò { J ´ Éèí – bha
Éèí { P ´ ÉèÏ – bha
Éèí { W ´ aè – bhi
Éèí { D ´ cè – bhi
Éèí { L ´ Éèí∞ – bhu
Éèí { T ´ Éèí∂ – bhu
Éèí { |∞∞ ´ Éèí$ – bhru
Éèí { |∞∂ ´ Éèí$Ï – bhru
Éèí { Z ´ Éèˇ – bhe
Éèí { U ´ ÉèË – bhe
Éèí { S ´ Éèˇ· – bhai
Éèí { X ´ ÉèÁ – bho
Éèí { F ´ Éè’ – bho
Éèí { B ´ Éè∫ – bhau
Éèí { JO ´ ÉèíO – bham
Éèí { Jó ´ Éèíó – bhah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
.
–
70
For practice: bha Gunintamu (Éèí #∞O_ç Éèíó)
Éèí ÉèÏ aè cè Éèí∞ Éèí∂ Éèí$ Éèí$Ï Éè̌ ÉèË Éè̌· ÉèÁ Éè’ Éè∫ ÉèíO Éèíó
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
.
71
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '=∞— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ma-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
"£∞ { J ´ =∞ – ma
=∞ { P ´ =∂ – ma
=∞ { W ´ q∞ – mi
=∞ { D ´ g∞ – mi
=∞ { L ´ =Ú – mu
=∞ { T ´ =¸ – mu
=∞ { |∞∞ ´ =∞$ – mru
=∞ { |∞∂ ´ =∞$Ï – mru
=∞ { Z ´ "≥∞ – me
=∞ { U ´ "Õ∞ – me
=∞ { S ´ "≥∞ÿ – mai
=∞ { X ´ "≥Ú – mo
=∞ { F ´ "≥∂ – mo
=∞ { B ´ =∞ø – mau
=∞ { JO ´ =∞O – mam
=∞ { Jó ´ =∞ó – mah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
72
For practice: ma Gunintamu (=∞ #∞O_ç =∞ó)
=∞ =∂ q∞ g∞ =Ú =¸ =∞$ =∞$Ï "≥∞ "Õ∞ "≥∞ÿ "≥Ú "≥∂ =∞ø =∞O =∞ó
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
.
73
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ü«∞— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ya-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
Üü∞ { J ´ Ü«∞ – ya
Ü«∞ { P ´ Ü«∂ – ya
Ü«∞ { W ´ ~Ú – yi
Ü«∞ { D ´ ~¸ – yi
Ü«∞ { L ´ Ü«Ú – yu
Ü«∞ { T ´ Ü«̧ – yu
Ü«∞ { |∞∞ ´ Ü«∞$ – yru
Ü«∞ { |∞∂ ´ Ü«∞$Ï– yru
Ü«∞ { Z ´ Ü≥∞ – ye
Ü«∞ { U ´ ÜÕ∞ – ye
Ü«∞ { S ´ Ü≥ÿ∞ – yai
Ü«∞ { X ´ Ü≥Ú – yo
Ü«∞ { F ´ Ü≥∂ – yo
Ü«∞ { B ´ Ü«∞ø – yau
Ü«∞ { JO ´ Ü«∞O– yam
Ü«∞ { Jó ´ Ü«∞ó – yah
.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
.–
74
For practice: ya Gunintamu (Ü«∞ #∞O_ç Ü«∞ó)
Ü«∞ Ü«∂ ~Ú ~¸ Ü«ÚÜ«̧ Ü«∞$Ü«∞$Ï Ü≥∞ ÜÕ∞ Ü≥ÿ∞ Ü≥ÚÜ≥∂ Ü«∞ø Ü«∞OÜ«∞ó
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
.
75
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ra-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
~ü { J ´ ~° – ra
~° { P ´ ~å – ra
~° { W ´ i – ri
~° { D ´ s – ri
~° { L ´ ~°∞ – ru
~° { T ´ ~°∂ – ru
~° { |∞∞ ´ ~°$ – rru
~° { |∞∂ ´ ~°$Ï – rru
~° { Z ´ Ô~ – re
~° { U ´ ~̂ – re
~° { S ´ Ô~· – rai
~° { X ´ ~˘ – ro
~° { F ´ ~À – ro
~° { B ´ ~“ – rau
~° { JO ´ ~°O – ram
~° { Jó ´ ~°ó – rah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
76
For practice: ra Gunintamu (~° #∞O_ç ~°ó)
~° ~å i s ~°∞ ~°∂ ~°$ ~°$Ï Ô~ ˆ~ Ô~· ~˘ ~À ~“ ~°O ~°ó
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
.
77
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Å— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (la-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
78
Öò { J ´ Å – la
Å { P ´ ÖÏ – la
Å { W ´ e – li
Å { D ´ b – li
Å { L ´ Å∞ – lu
Å { T ´ Å∂ – lu
Å { |∞∞ ´ Å$ – lru
Å { |∞∂ ´ Å$Ï – lru
Å { Z ´ Ö̌ – le
Å { U ´ ÖË – le
Å { S ´ Ö̌· – lai
Å { X ´ ÖÁ – lo
Å { F ´ Ö’ – lo
Å { B ´ Ö∫ – lau
Å { JO ´ ÅO – lam
Å { Jó ´ Åó – lah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
79
For practice: la Gunintamu (Å #∞O_ç Åó)
Å ÖÏ e b Å∞ Å∂ Å$ Å$Ï Öˇ ÖË Öˇ· ÖÁ Ö’ Ö∫ ÅO Åó
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
.
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'à◊— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (la-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
80
àò { J ´ à◊ – la
à◊ { P ´ àÏ – la
à◊ { W ´ o – li
à◊ { D ´ m – li
à◊ { L ´ à◊√ – lu
à◊ { T ´ à◊¥ – lu
à◊ { |∞∞ ´ à◊$ – lru
à◊ { |∞∂ ´ à◊$Ï – lru
à◊ { Z ´ à‹ – le
à◊ { U ´ àı – le
à◊ { S ´ à‹· – lai
à◊ { X ´ àÁ – lo
à◊ { F ´ à’ – lo
à◊ { B ´ à∫ – lau
à◊ { JO ´ à◊O – lam
à◊ { Jó ´ à◊ó – lah
.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
.–
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
81
For practice: la Gunintamu (à◊ #∞O_ç à◊ó)
à◊ àÏ o m à◊√ à◊¥ à◊$ à◊$Ï à‹̌ àı à‹· àÁ à’ à∫ à◊O à◊ó
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
..
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '=— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (va-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
"£ { J ´ = – va
= { P ´ "å – va
= { W ´ q – vi
= { D ´ g – vi
= { L ´ =Ù – vu
= { T ´ =Ó – vu
= { |∞∞ ´ =$ – vru
= { |∞∂ ´ =$Ï – vru
= { Z ´ "≥ – ve
= { U ´ "Õ – ve
= { S ´ "≥·‹· – vai
= { X ´ "˘ – vo
= { F ´ "À – vo
= { B ´ "Ò – vau
= { JO ´ =O – vam
= { Jó ´ =ó – vah
.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
.
–
82
For practice: va Gunintamu (= #∞O_ç =ó)
= "å q g =Ù =Ó =$ =$Ï "≥ ̌ "Õ "≥· "˘ "À "Ò =O =ó
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
.
83
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'â◊— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
âò { J ´ â◊ – sa
â◊ { P ´ âß – sa
â◊ { W ´ t – si
â◊ { D ´ j – si
â◊ { L ´ â◊√ – su
â◊ { T ´ â◊¥ – su
â◊ { |∞∞ ´ â◊$ – sru
â◊ { |∞∂ ´ â◊$Ï – sru
â◊ { Z ´ â‹ – se
â◊ { U ´ âı – se
â◊ { S ´ â‹· – sai
â◊ { X ´ âÁ – so
â◊ { F ´ â’ – so
â◊ { B ´ â∫ – sau
â◊ { JO ´ â◊O – sam
â◊ { Jó ´ â◊ó – sah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
´
´
84
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
For practice: sa Gunintamu (â◊ #∞O_ç â◊ó)
â◊ âß t j â◊√ â◊¥ â◊$ â◊$Ï âˇ âı â‹· âÁ â’ â∫ â◊O â◊ó
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
.
85
´
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '+̈— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
. .
+π { J ´ +¨ – sa
+̈ { P ´ ëê – sa
+̈ { W ´ +≤ – si
+̈ { D ´ +‘ – si
+̈ { L ´ +̈µ – su
+̈ { T ´ +̈Ø – su
+̈ { |∞∞ ´ +̈$ – sru
+̈ { |∞∂ ´ +̈$Ï – sru
+̈ { Z ´ Ã+ – se
+̈ { U ´ ¿+ – se
+̈ { S ´ Ã+·· – sai
+̈ { X ´ ë⁄ – so
+̈ { F ´ ëÈ – so
+̈ { B ´ ëœ – sau
+̈ { JO ´ +̈O – sam
+̈ { Jó ´ +̈ó – sah
.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
.
–
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
86
For practice: sa Gunintamu (+̈ #∞O_ç +̈ó)
+̈ ëê +≤ +‘ +̈µ +̈Ø +̈$ +̈$Ï Ã+ ¿+ Ã+· ë⁄ ëÈ ëœ +̈O +̈ó
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
..
87
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'ã̈— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
ãπ { J ´ 㨠– sa
ã̈ { P ´ ™ê – sa
ã̈ { W ´ ã≤ – si
ã̈ { D ´ ã‘ – si
ã̈̈ { L ´ ã̈∞ – su
ã̈̈ { T ´ ã̈∂ – su
㨨 { |∞∞ ´ ã̈$ – sru
ã̈ { |∞∂ ´ ã̈$Ï – sru
ã̈ { Z ´ Ãã – se
ã̈ { U ´ ¿ã – se
ã̈ { S ´ Ãã· – sai
ã̈ { X ´ ™⁄ – so
ã̈ { F ´ ™È – so
ã̈ { B ´ ™œ – sau
ã̈ { JO ´ ã̈O –sam
ã̈ { Jó ´ ã̈ó – sah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
88
For practice: sa Gunintamu ( ã̈ #∞O_ç ã̈ó)
㨠™ê ã≤ ã‘ ã¨∞ ã¨∂ ã¨$ ã¨$Ï Ãã ¿ã Ãã· ™⁄ ™È ™œ ã¨O ã¨ó
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã̈
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
.
89
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ç̈Ï— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
ÇπÏ { J ´ Ç¨Ï – ha
Ç̈Ï { P ´ Ç̈ – ha
Ç̈Ï { W ´ Ç≤Ï – hi
Ç̈Ï { D ´ Ç‘Ï – hi
Ç̈Ï { L ´ Ç̈ï – hu
Ç̈Ï { T ´ Ç̈˙ – hu
Ç̈Ï { |∞∞ ´ Ç̈Ï$ – hru
Ç̈Ï { |∞∂ ´ Ç̈Ï$Ï – hru
Ç̈Ï { Z ´ ÃÇÏ – he
Ç̈Ï { U ´ ¿ÇÏ – he
Ç̈Ï { S ´ ÃÇ·Ï – hai
Ç̈Ï { X ´ Ç̈Ï∏ – ho
Ç̈Ï { F ´ Ç̈ÏŸ – ho
Ç̈Ï { B ´ Ç̈Ï∫ – hau
Ç̈Ï { JO ´ Ç̈ÏO – ham
Ç̈Ï { Jó ´ Ç̈Ïó – hah
.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
.
–
90
For practice: ha Gunintamu (Ç̈Ï #∞O_ç Ç̈Ïó)
Ç¨Ï Ç¨ Ç≤Ï Ç‘Ï Ç¨ï Ǩ̇ ǨÏ$ ǨÏ$Ï ÃÇÏ ¿ÇÏ ÃÇ·Ï Ç¨Ï∏ Ǩϟ ǨÏ∫ ǨÏO ǨÏó
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
.
91
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Hõ∆— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ksha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
.
H∆± { J ´ Hõ∆ – ksha
Hõ∆ { P ´ H∆Í – ksha
Hõ∆ { W ´ H∆̃ – kshi
Hõ∆ { D ´ H©∆ – kshi
Hõ∆ { L ´ ‰õ∆Ω – kshu
Hõ∆ { T ´ ‰õ∆Ä – kshu
Hõ∆ { |∞∞ ´ Hõ∆$ – kshru
Hõ∆ { |∞∂ ´ Hõ∆$Ï – kshru
Hõ∆ { Z ´ ÔH∆ – kshe
Hõ∆ { U ´ ˆH∆ – kshe
Hõ∆ { S ´ ÔH∆ – kshai
Hõ∆ { X ´ H∆̆ – ksho
Hõ∆ { F ´ H∆À – ksho
Hõ∆ { B ´ H∆“ – kshau
Hõ∆ { JO ´ Hõ∆O – ksham
Hõ∆ { Jó ´ Hõ∆ó – kshah.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
–
.
92
For practice: ksha Gunintamu ( Hõ∆ #∞O_ç Hõ∆ó)
Hõ∆ H∆Í H∆̃ H©∆ ‰õ∆Ω ‰õ∆Ä Hõ∆$ Hõ∆$Ï ÔH∆ ˆH∆ ÔH∆ H∆̆ H∆À H∆“ Hõ∆O Hõ∆ó
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
.
93
QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'é— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ra-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice
. .
éü { J ´ é – ra
é { P ´ éÏ – ra
é { W ´ é̃ – ri
é { D ´ é© – ri
é { L ´ é∞ – ru
é { T ´ é∂ – ru
é { |∞∞ ´ é$ – rru
é { |∞∂ ´ é$Ï – rru
é { Z ´ éˇ – re
é { U ´ éË – re
é { S ´ é̌ÿ – rai
é { X ´ é˘ – ro
é { F ´ é’ – ro
é { B ´ é∫ – rau
é { JO ´ éO – ram
é { Jó ´ éó – rah
.
–
–
–
–
–
.
.
.–
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
94
For practice: ra Gunintamu ( é #∞O_ç éó)
é éÏ é˜ é© é∞ é∂ é$ é$Ï é̌ ̌ éË é̌ÿ é˘ é’ é∫ éO éó
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
..
95
96
Symbols of Vottulu
khYö
gQÆæ
ghѶ¨∞…
nVV
cK«Û
chKè«Ûù
j[˚
jh~°≠~°≠
n&&
t@ì
th~î°ª
d_»¤
dh_è»_è
n}
‚
t«̀Î
thä̂Œ÷
dŒ̂Ì
dhè̂Œú
n#fl
pѨÊ
phѶ¨Êù
b|ƒ
bhÉèíƒù
m=∞‡
yÜ«∞º
r~°„
là◊§
lš
v=fi
sâ◊≈
s+¨¬
sã¨û
hǨϛ
kshaHõ∆∆
raé]
k
Hõ¯.
~
..
. .
.
. .
.
´
VOTTULU for "k" consonant
'Hõ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
Hȭ – kka
Hõö – kkha
Hõæ – kga
Hõ… – kgha
HõÛ – kca
HõÛù – kcha
Hõ̊ – kja
Hõ – kjha
Hõì – kta
Hõª– ktha
Hõ¤ – kda
Hõ – kdha
Hõ‚ – kna
HõÎ – kta
Hõ÷ – ktha
HõÌ – kda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
.
Hõú – kdha
Hõfl – kna
HõÊ – kpa
HõÊù – kpha
Hõƒ– kba
Hõƒù– kbha
Hõ‡ – kma
Hõº – kya
„Hõ – kra
Hõ¡ – kla
Hõ§– kla
Hõfi – kva
Hõ≈ – ksa
Hõ¬ – ksa
Hõû – ksa
Hõ› – kha97
´
VOTTULU for "kha" consonant
'Y— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
Y¯ – khka
Yö – khkha
Yæ – khga
Y… – khgha
YÛ – khca
YÛù – khcha
Y̊ – khja
Y – khjha
Yì – khta
Yª – khtha
Y¤ – khda
Y – khdha
Y‚ – khna
YÎ – khta
Y÷ – khtha
YÌ – khda
.
.
.
.
.
~°≠
Yú – khdha
Yfl – khna
YÊ – khpa
YÊù – khpha
Yƒ – khba
Yƒù –khbha
Y‡ – khma
Yº – khya
„Y – khra
Y¡ – khla
Y§– khla
Yfi –khva
Y≈ – khsa
Y¬ – khsa
Yû – khsa
Y› – khha
.
.
98
´
VOTTULU for "ga" consonant
'QÆõ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
QǢ – gka
QÆö – gkha
QÆæ – gga
QÆ… – ggha
QÆÛ – gca
QÆÛù – gcha
QÆ̊ – gja
QÆ – gjha
QÆì – gta
Qƪ – gtha
QƤ – gda
QÆ – gdha
QÆ‚ – gna
QÆÎ – gta
QÆ÷ – gtha
QÆÌ – gda
.
.
~°≠
QÆú – gdha
QÆfl – gna
QÆÊ – gpa
QÆÊù – gpha
Qƃ – gba
Qƃù – gbha
QƇ – gma
Qƺ – gya
„QÆ – gra
QÆ¡ – gla
QƧ – gla
QÆfi – gva
QÆ≈ – gsa
QƬ – gsa
QÆû – gsa
QÆ› – gha
.
.
.
.
.
99
´
VOTTULU for "gha" consonant
'Ѷ̈∞— Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
Ѷ̈∞¯ –ghka
Ѷ̈∞ö – ghkha
Ѷ̈∞æ – ghga
Ѷ̈∞… – ghgha
Ѷ̈∞Û –ghca
Ѷ̈∞Ûù –ghcha
Ѷ̈∞˚ – ghja
Ѷ̈∞ – ghjha
Ѷ̈∞ì – ghta
Ѷ̈∞ª – ghtha
Ѷ̈∞¤ – ghda
Ѷ̈∞ – ghdha
Ѷ̈∞‚ – ghna
Ѷ̈∞Î – ghta
Ѷ̈∞÷ – ghtha
Ѷ̈∞Ì – ghda
.
.
.
.
.
~°≠
Ѷ̈∞ú – ghdha
Ѷ̈∞fl – ghna
Ѷ̈∞Ê –ghpa
Ѷ̈∞Êù –ghpha
Ѷ̈∞ƒ – ghba
Ѷ̈∞ƒù –ghbha
Ѷ̈∞‡ –ghma
Ѷ̈∞º –ghya
„Ѷ̈∞ – ghra
Ѷ̈∞¡ – ghla
Ѷ̈∞§– ghla
Ѷ̈∞fi –ghva
Ѷ̈∞≈ – ghsa
Ѷ̈∞¬ – ghsa
Ѷ̈∞û – ghsa
Ѷ̈∞› – ghha
.
.
100
´
VOTTULU for "ca" consonant
'Kõ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
K«̄ –cka
K«ö – ckha
K«æ – cga
K«… – cgha
K«Û – cca
K«Ûù – ccha
K«̊ – cja
K« – chja
K«ì – cta
K«ª – ctha
K«¤ – cda
K« – cdha
K«‚ – chna
K«Î – cta
K«÷ – ctha
K«Ì – cda
.
.
.
.
.
~°≠
K«ú – cdha
K«fl – cna
K«Ê – cpa
K«Êù – cpha
K«ƒ – cba
K«ƒù – cbha
K«‡ – cma
K«º – cya
„K« – cra
K«¡ – cla
K«§– cla
K«fi –cva
K«≈ – csa
K«¬ – csa
K«û – csa
K«› – cha
.
.
101
´
VOTTULU for "cha" consonant
'Kè«— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
Kè«̄ –chka
Kè«ö – chkha
Kè«æ – chga
Kè«… – chgha
Kè«Û – chca
Kè«Ûù – chcha
Kè«̊ – chja
Kè« – chjha
Kè«ì – chta
K諪 – chtha
K諤 – chda
Kè« – chdha
Kè«‚ – chna
Kè«Î – chta
Kè«÷ – chtha
Kè«Ì – chda
.
.
.
.
.
~°≠
Kè«ú – chdha
Kè«fl – chna
Kè«Ê –chpa
Kè«Êù –chpha
K諃 – chba
K諃ù – chbha
K談 –chma
K諺 –chya
„Kè« – chra
Kè«¡ – chla
K諧– chla
Kè«fi –chva
Kè«≈ – chsa
K諬 – chsa
Kè«û – chsa
Kè«› – chha
.
.
102
´
VOTTULU for "ja" consonant
'[— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
[¯ – jka
[ö – jkha
[æ – jga
[… – jgha
[Û – jca
[Ûù – jcha
[̊ – jja
[ – jjha
[ì – jta
[ª – jtha
[¤ – jda
[ – jdha
[‚ – jna
[Î – jta
[÷ – jtha
[Ì – jda
.
.
.
.
.
~°≠
[ú – jdha
[fl – jna
[Ê – jpa
[Êù – jpha
[ƒ – jba
[ƒù – jbha
[‡ – jma
[º – jya
„[ – jra
[¡ – jla
[§ – jla
[fi – jva
[≈ – jsa
[¬ – jsa
[û – jsa
[› – jha
.
.
103
´
VOTTULU for "jha" consonant
'~°≠— Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
~°≠¯ –jhka
~°≠ö –jhkha
~°≠æ –jhga
~°≠… –jhgha
~°≠Û –jhca
~°≠Ûù –jhcha
~°≠̊ –jhja
~°≠ –jhjha
~°≠ì –jhta
~°≠ª –jhtha
~°≠¤ –jhda
~°≠ –jhdha
~°≠‚ –jhna
~°≠Î –jhta
~°≠÷ –jhtha
~°≠Ì –jhda
.
.
.
.
~°≠
.
~°≠ú –jhdha
~°≠fl –jhna
~°≠Ê –jhpa
~°≠Êù –jhpha
~°≠ƒ –jhba
~°≠ƒù –jhbha
~°≠‡ –jhma
~°≠º –jhya
„~°≠ – jhra
~°≠¡ – jhla
~°≠§– jhla
~°≠fi –jhva
~°≠≈ –jhsa
~°≠¬ –jhsa
~°≠û –jhsa
~°≠› –jhha
.
.
104
´
VOTTULU for "ta" consonant
'@— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
@¯ –tka
@ö – tkha
@æ – tga
@… – tgha
@Û – tca
@Ûù – tcha
@̊ – tja
@ – tjha
@ì – tta
@ª – ttha
@¤ – tda
@ – tdha
@‚ – tna
@Î – tta
@÷ – ttha
@Ì – tda
.
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
@ú – tdha
@fl – tna
@Ê –tpa
@Êù – tpha
@ƒ – tba
@ƒù – tbha
@‡ –tma
@º –tya
„@ – tra
@¡ – tla
@§– tla
@fi – tva
@≈ – tsa
@¬ – tsa
@û – tsa
@› – tha
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
105
´
VOTTULU for "tha" consonant
'~î°— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
~î°̄ – thka
~î°ö – thkha
~î°æ – thga
~î°… – thgha
~î°Û – thca
~î°Ûù – thcha
~î°̊ – thja
~î° – thjha
~î°ì – thta
~î°ª – ththa
~î°¤ – thda
~î° – thdha
~î°‚ – thna
~î°Î – thta
~î°÷ – ththa
~î°Ì – thda
.
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
~î°ú – thdha
~î°fl – thna
~î°Ê – thpa
~î°Êù – thpha
~î°ƒ – thba
~î°ƒù – thbha
~î°‡ – thma
~î°º – thya
„~î° – thra
~î°¡ – thla
~î°«§ – thla
~î°fi – thva
~î°≈ – thsa
~î°¬ – thsa
~î°û – thsa
~î°› – thha
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
106
´
VOTTULU for "da" consonant
'_õ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
_»̄ – dka
_»ö – dkha
_»æ – dga
_»… – dgha
_»Û – dca
_»Ûù – dcha
_» ̊– dja
_» – djha
_»ì – dta
_»ª – dtha
_»¤ – dda
_» – ddha
_»‚ – dna
_»Î – dta
_»÷ – dtha
_»Ì – dda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
_»ú – ddha
_»fl – dna
_»Ê – dpa
_»Êù – dpha
_»ƒ – dba
_»ƒù – dbha
_»‡ – dma
_»º – dya
„_» – dra
_»¡ – dla
_»§ – dla
_»fi – dva
_»≈ – dsa
_»¬ – dsa
_»û – dsa
_»› – dha
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
107
´
VOTTULU for "dha" consonant
'_è»»— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
_è»»̄ – dhka
_è»ö – dhkha
_è»»æ – dhga
_è»»… – dhgha
_è»»Û – dhca
_è»»Ûù – dhcha
_è»»̊ – dhja
_è»» – dhjha
_è»»ì – dhta
_è»»ª – dhtha
_è»»¤ – dhda
_è»è» – dhdha
_è»»‚ – dhna
_軻Π– dhta
_è»»÷ – dhtha
_è»»Ì – dhda
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
_è»»ú – dhdha
_è»»fl – dhna
_è»»Ê – dhpa
_è»»Êù – dhpha
_è»»ƒ – dhba
_è»»ƒù – dhbha
_è»»»‡ – dhma
_è»»º – dhya
„_è»» – dhra
_è»»¡ – dhla
_è»»§– dhla
_è»»fi – dhva
_è»»≈ – dhsa
_è»»¬ – dhsa
_è»»û – dhsa
_è»»› – dhha.108
´
VOTTULU for "ta" consonant
' «̀— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
«̄̀ –tka
«̀ö – tkha
«̀æ – tga
«̀… – tgha
«̀Û – tca
«̀Ûù – tcha
«̀̊ – tja
«̀ – tjha
«̀ì – tta
«̀ª – ttha
«̀¤ – tda
«̀ – tdha
«̀‚ – tna
«̀Î – tta
«̀÷ – ttha
«̀Ì – tda
.
.
.
.
~°≠
«̀ú – tdha
«̀fl – tna
«̀Ê – tpa
«̀Êù – tpha
«̀ƒ – tba
«̀ƒù – tbha
«̀‡ – tma
«̀º –tya
„ «̀ – tra
«̀¡ – tla
«̀«§ – tla
«̀fi – tva
«̀≈ – tsa
«̀¬ – tsa
«̀û – tsa
«̀› – tha
.
.
109
´
VOTTULU for "tha" consonant
' ä̂Œ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
ä̂Œ̄ – thka
ä̂Œö – thkha
ä̂Œæ – thga
ä̂Œ… – thgha
ä̂ŒÛ – thca
ä̂ŒÛù – thcha
ä̂Œ̊ – thja
ä̂Œ – thjha
ä̂Œì – thta
ä̂Œª – ththa
ä̂Œ¤ – thda
ä̂Œ – thdha
ä̂Œ‚ – thna
ä̂ŒÎ – thta
ä̂Œ«÷ – ththa
ä̂Œ«Ì – thda
.
~°≠
.
.
.
ä̂Œ«ú – thdha
ä̂Œ«fl – thna
ä̂ŒÊ – thpa
ä̂Œ«Êù – thpha
ä̂Œƒ – thba
ä̂Œƒù – thbha
ä̂Œ‡ – thma
ä̂Œº – thya
„ ä̂Œ – thra
ä̂Œ¡ – thla
ä̂Œ§ – thla
ä̂Œfi – thva
ä̂Œ≈ – thsa
ä̂Œ¬ – thsa
ä̂Œû – thsa
ä̂Œ› – thha
.
.
110
´
VOTTULU for "da" consonant
' Œ̂— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
Œ̄̂ – dka
Œ̂ö – dkha
Œ̂æ – dga
Œ̂… – dgha
Œ̂Û – dca
Œ̂Ûù – dcha
Œ̂̊ – dja
Œ̂ – djha
Œ̂ì – dta
Œ̂ª – dtha
Œ̂¤ – dda
Œ̂ – ddha
Œ̂‚ – dna
Œ̂Î – dta
Œ̂÷ – dtha
Œ̂Ì – dda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
Œ̂ú – ddha
Œ̂fl – dna
Œ̂Ê – dpa
Œ̂Êù – dpha
Œ̂ƒ – dba
Œ̂ƒù – dbha
Œ̂‡ – dma
Œ̂º –dya
„ Œ̂ – dra
Œ̂¡ – dla
Œ̂§– dla
Œ̂fi – dva
Œ̂≈ – dsa
Œ̂¬ – dsa
Œ̂û – dsa
Œ̂› – dha
.
111
´
VOTTULU for "dha" consonant
' è̂Œ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
è̂Œ̄ – dhka
è̂Œö – dhkha
è̂Œæ – dhga
è̂ŒŒ… – dhgha
è̂ŒÛ – dhca
è̂ŒÛù – dhcha
è̂Œ̊ – dhja
è̂Œ – dhjha
è̂Œì – dhta
è̂Œª – dhtha
è̂Œ¤ – dhda
è̂Œ – dhdha
è̂Œ‚ – dhna
è̂ŒÎ – dhta
è̂Œ÷ – dhtha
è̂ŒÌ – dhda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
Œ̂ú – dhdha
è̂Œfl – dhna
è̂ŒÊ – dhpa
è̂ŒÊù – dhpha
è̂Œƒ – dhba
è̂Œƒù – dhbha
è̂Œ‡ – dhma
è̂Œº –dhya
„ è̂Œ – dhra
è̂Œ¡ – dhla
è̂Œ§– dhla
è̂Œfi – dhva
è̂Œ≈ – dhsa
è̂Œ¬ – dhsa
è̂Œû – dhsa
è̂Œ› – dhha
.
112
´
VOTTULU for "na" consonant
'#— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
#¯ – nka
#ö – nkha
#æ – nga
#… – ngha
#Û – nca
#Ûù – ncha
#̊ – nja
# – njha
#ì – nta
#ª – ntha
#¤ – nda
# – ndha
#‚ – nna
#Î – nta
#÷ – ntha
#Ì – nda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
#ú – ndha
#fl – nna
#Ê – npa
#Êù – npha
#ƒ – nba
#ƒù – nbha
#‡ – nma
#º – nya
„# – nra
#¡ – nla
#§– nla
#fi – nva
#≈ – nsa
#¬ – nsa
#û – nsa
#› – nha
.
113
´
VOTTULU for "pa" consonant
'Ñ̈— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
Ñ̈¯ – pka
Ñö̈ – pkha
Ñæ̈ – pga
Ѩ… – pgha
Ñ̈Û – pca
ѨÛù – pcha
Ѩ̊ – pja
Ñ̈ – pjha
Ñì̈ – pta
Ѫ̈ – ptha
Ѥ̈ – pda
Ñ̈ – pdha
Ñ‚̈ – pna
ÑÎ̈ – pta
Ñ÷̈ – ptha
ÑÌ̈ – pda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
Ñú̈ – pdha
Ñ̈fl – pna
Ñ̈Ê – ppa
ѨÊù – ppha
Ñ̈ƒ – pba
Ѩƒù – pbha
Ñ̈‡ – pma
Ñ̈º –pya
„Ñ̈ – pra
Ñ¡̈ – pla
Ѩ§ – pla
Ñ̈fi – pva
Ñ̈≈ – psa
Ѭ̈ – psa
Ñ̈û – psa
Ñ̈› – pha
.
114
´
VOTTULU for "pha" consonant
'Ѷ̈— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
Ѷ̄̈ –phka
Ѷ̈ö – phkha
Ѷ̈æ – phga
Ѷ̈… – phgha
Ѷ̈Û – phca
Ѷ̈̈Ûù – phcha
Ѷ̈̊ – phja
Ѷ̈ – phjha
Ѷ̈ì – phta
Ѷ̈ª – phtha
Ѷ̈¤ – phda
Ѷ̈ – phdha
Ѷ̈‚ – phna
Ѷ̈Î – phta
Ѷ̈÷ – phtha
Ѷ̈Ì – phda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
Ѷ̈ú – phdha
Ѷ̈fl – phna
Ѷ̈Ê – phpa
Ѷ̈Êù – phpha
Ѷ̈ƒ – phba
Ѷ̈ƒù – phbha
Ѷ̈‡ – phma
Ѷ̈º –phya
„Ѷ̈ – phra
Ѷ̈¡ – phla
Ѷ̈§ – phla
Ѷ̈fi – phva
Ѷ̈≈ – phsa
Ѷ̈¬ – phsa
Ѷ̈û – phsa
Ѷ̈› – phha
.
115
´
VOTTULU for "ba" consonant
'|— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
|¯ – bka
|ö – bkha
|æ – bga
|… – bgha
|Û – bca
|Ûù – bcha
|̊ – bja
| – bjha
|ì – bta
|ª – btha
|¤ – bda
| – bdha
|‚ – bna
|Î – bta
|÷ – btha
|Ì – bda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
|ú – bdha
|fl – bna
|Ê – bpa
|Êù – bpha
|ƒ – bba
|ƒù – bbha
|‡ – bma
|º –bya
„| – bra
|¡ – bla
|§ – bla
|fi – bva
|≈ – bsa
|¬ – bsa
|û – bsa
|› – bha
.
116
´
VOTTULU for "bha" consonant
'Éèí— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
Éèí̄ – bhka
Éèíö – bhkha
Éèíæ – bhga
Éèí… – bhgha
ÉèíÛ – bhca
ÉèíÛù – bhcha
Éèí̊ – bhja
Éèí – bhjha
Éèíì – bhta
Éèíª – bhtha
Éèí¤ – bhda
Éèí – bhdha
Éèí‚ – bhna
ÉèíÎ – bhta
Éèí÷ – bhtha
ÉèíÌ – bhda
.
.
.
.
~°≠
.
Éèíú – bhdha
Éèífl – bhna
ÉèíÊ – bhpa
ÉèíÊù – bhpha
Éèíƒ – bhba
Éèíƒù – bhbha
Éèí‡ – bhma
Éèíº –bhya
„Éèí – bhra
Éèí¡ – bhla
Éèí§ – bhla
Éèífi – bhva
Éèí≈ – bhsa
Éèí¬ – bhsa
Éèíû – bhsa
Éèí› – bhha
.
117
´
VOTTULU for "ma" consonant
'=∞— Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
=∞¯ – mka
=∞ö – mkha
=∞æ – mga
=∞… –mgha
=∞Û – mca
=∞Ûù – mcha
=∞̊ – mja
=∞ – mjha
=∞ì – mta
=∞ª – mtha
=∞¤ – mda
=∞ – mdha
=∞‚ – mna
=∞Î – mta
=∞÷ – mtha
=∞Ì – mda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
.
=∞ú – mdha
=∞fl –mna
=∞Ê – mpa
=∞Êù – mpha
=∞ƒ – mba
=∞ƒù – mbha
=∞‡ – mma
=∞º – mya
„=∞ –mra
=∞¡ – mla
=∞§ – mla
=∞fi – mva
=∞≈ –msa
=∞¬ – msa
=∞û – msa
=∞› – mha118
´
VOTTULU for "ya" consonant
'Ü«∞— Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
Ü«∞¯ –yka
Ü«∞ö –ykha
Ü«∞æ –yga
Ü«∞… –ygha
Ü«∞Û –yca
Ü«∞Ûù –ycha
Ü«∞̊ –yja
Ü«∞ –yjha
Ü«∞ì –yta
Ü«∞ª –ytha
Ü«∞¤ –yda
Ü«∞ –ydha
Ü«∞‚ –yna
Ü«∞Î –yta
Ü«∞÷ –ytha
Ü«∞Ì –yda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
Ü«∞ú –ydha
Ü«∞fl –yna
Ü«∞Ê –ypa
Ü«∞Êù –ypha
Ü«∞ƒ –ypba
Ü«∞ƒù –ybha
Ü«∞‡ –yma
Ü«∞º –yya
„Ü«∞ –yra
Ü«∞¡ –yla
Ü«∞§ –yla
Ü«∞fi –yva
Ü«∞≈ –ysa
Ü«∞¬ –ysa
Ü«∞û –ysa
Ü«∞› –yha
.
119
´
VOTTULU for "ra" consonant
'~°— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
~°̄ – rka
~°ö – rkha
~°æ – rga
~°… – rgha
~°Û – rca
~°Ûù – rcha
~°̊ – rja
~° – rjha
~°ì – rta
~°ª – rtha
~°¤ – rda
~° – rdha
~°‚ – rna
~°Î – rta
~°÷ – rtha
~°Ì – rda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
~°ú – rdha
~°fl – rna
~°Ê – rpa
~°Êù – rpha
~°ƒ – rba
~°ƒù – rbha
~°‡ – rma
~°º – rya
„~° – rra
~°¡ – rla
~°§ – rla
~°fi – rva
~°≈ – rsa
~°¬ – rsa
~°û – rsa
~°› – rha
.
120
´
VOTTULU for "la" consonant
'Å— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
121
.
ů – lka
Åö – lkha
Åæ – lga
Å… – lgha
ÅÛ – lca
ÅÛù – lcha
Å̊ – lja
Å – ljha
Åì – lta
Ū – ltha
Ť – lda
Å – ldha
Å‚ – lna
ÅÎ – lta
Å÷ – ltha
ÅÌ – lda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
Åú – ldha
Åfl – lna
ÅÊ – lpa
ÅÊù – lpha
Ń – lba
Ńù – lbha
Ň – lma
ź – lya
„Å – lra
Å¡ – lla
ŧ – lla
Åfi – lva
Å≈ – lsa
Ŭ – lsa
Åû – lsa
Å› – lha
.
´
VOTTULU for "la" consonant
'à◊— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
122
.
à◊̄ – lka
à◊ö – lkha
à◊æ – lga
à◊… – lgha
à◊Û – lca
à◊Ûù – lcha
à◊̊ – lja
à◊ – ljha
à◊ì – lta
à◊ª – ltha
à◊¤ – lda
à◊ – ldha
à◊‚ – lna
à◊Î – lta
à◊÷ – ltha
à◊Ì – lda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
à◊ú – ldha
à◊fl – lna
à◊Ê – lpa
à◊Êù – lpha
à◊ƒ – lba
à◊ƒù – lbha
à◊‡ – lma
à◊º – lya
„à◊ – lra
à◊¡ – lla
à◊§– lla
à◊fi – lva
à◊≈ – lsa
à◊¬ – lsa
à◊û – lsa
à◊› – lha
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
´
VOTTULU for "va" consonant
'=— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
=¯ – vka
=ö – vkha
=æ – vga
=… – vgha
=Û – vca
=Ûù – vcha
=̊ – vja
= – vjha
=ì – vta
=ª – vtha
=¤ – vda
= – vdha
=‚ – vna
=Î – vta
=÷ – vtha
=Ì – vda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
=ú – vdha
=fl – vna
=Ê – vpa
=Êù – vpha
=ƒ – vba
=ƒù – vbha
=‡ – vma
=º –vya
„= – vra
=¡ – vla
=§– vla
=fi – vva
=≈ – vsa
=¬ – vsa
=û – vsa
=› – vha
.
123
´
VOTTULU for "sa" consonant
'â◊— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
â◊̄ – ska
â◊ö – skha
â◊æ – sga
â◊… – sgha
â◊Û – sca
â◊Ûù – scha
â◊̊ – sja
â◊ – sjha
â◊ì – sta
â◊ª – stha
â◊¤ – sda
â◊ – sdha
â◊‚ – sna
â◊Î – sta
â◊÷ – stha
â◊Ì – sda
~°≠
.
.
.
.
.
â◊ú – sdha
â◊fl – sna
â◊Ê – spa
â◊Êù – spha
â◊ƒ – sba
â◊ƒù – sbha
â◊‡ – sma
â◊º – sya
„â◊ – sra
â◊¡ – sla
â◊§– sla
â◊fi – sva
â◊≈ – ssa
â◊¬ – ssa
â◊û – ssa
â◊› – sha
.
.
124
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´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
´
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VOTTULU for "sa" consonant
'+̈— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.+̈¯ – ska
+ö̈ – skha
+æ̈ – sga
+¨… – sgha
+̈Û – sca
+¨Ûù – scha
+¨̊ – sja
+̈ – sjha
+ì̈ – sta
+ª̈ – stha
+¤̈ – sda
+̈ – sdha
+̈‚ – sna
+Î̈ – sta
+÷̈ – stha
+Ì̈ – sda
~°≠
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+ú̈ – sdha
+̈fl – sna
+̈Ê – spa
+¨Êù – spha
+̈ƒ – sba
+¨ƒù – sbha
+̈‡ – sma
+̈º – sya
„+̈ – sra
+¡̈ – sla
+¨§ – sla
+̈fi – sva
+̈≈ – ssa
+¬̈ – ssa
+̈û – ssa
+̈› – sha
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VOTTULU for "sa" consonant
'ã̈— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
.
ã̈¯ – ska
ã̈ö – skha
ã̈æ – sga
ã̈… – sgha
ã̈Û – sca
ã¨Ûù – scha
ã̊̈ – sja
ã̈ – sjha
ã̈ì – sta
ã̈ª – stha
ã̈¤ – sda
ã̈ – sdha
ã̈‚ – sna
ã̈Î – sta
ã̈÷ – stha
ã̈Ì – sda
~°≠
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ã̈ú – sdha
ã̈fl – sna
ã̈Ê – spa
ã¨Êù – spha
ã̈ƒ – sba
㨃ù – sbha
ã̈‡ – sma
ã̈º – sya
„ã̈ – sra
ã̈¡ – sla
ã̈§ – sla
ã̈fi – sva
ã̈≈ – ssa
ã̈¬ – ssa
ã̈û – ssa
ã̈› – sha
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VOTTULU for "ha" consonant
'Ç̈Ï— Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
Ç̈ϯ –hka
Ç̈Ïö – hkha
Ç̈Ïæ – hga
ÇÏ̈… –hgha
Ç̈ÏÛ –hca
ǨÏÛù –hcha
Ç̈Ï̊ – hja
Ç̈Ï – hjha~°≠
Ç̈Ïì – hta
Ç̈Ϫ – htha
Ç̈Ϥ – hda
Ç̈Ï – hdha
Ç̈Ï‚ – hna
Ç̈ÏÎ – hta
Ç̈Ï÷ – htha
Ç̈ÏÌ – hda
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Ç̈Ïú – hdha
Ç̈Ïfl –hna
Ç̈ÏÊ –hpa
ǨÏÊù –hpha
Ç̈σ –hba
Ǩσù –hbha
Ç̈χ –hma
Ç̈Ϻ –hya
„Ç̈Ï – hra
Ç̈Ï¡ – hla
Ǩϧ– hla
Ç̈Ïfi –hva
Ç̈Ï≈ –hsa
Ç̈Ϭ – hsa
Ç̈Ïû –hsa
Ç̈Ï› –hha
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127
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Q Æ= ∞xH õ
V,&,}, Hõ∆, é – D JHõ∆~åÅ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å_»∞HõÖ’ ÖË=Ù HÍ|\̃ìg\̃H̃ ã̈O|OkèOz# kfi`åfiHõ∆~åÅ#∞ W=fiÖË̂ Œ∞.
NOTE The vowel- consonant clusters for the Telugu letters viz.,
n, n, n, ksha, r are not given since they are notin much usage.
.~
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