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Student DetailsFIRST NAMELAST NAMEFIRST NAMELAST NAMEFIRST NAMELAST NAMEGRADEPROJECT_NAMEASSIGNED CATEGORYTABLE ASSIGNMENTABSTRACTParkerBricking6Are Children More Creative Than Adults?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)104Adults and children show creativity in many different ways. Many experts believe people become less creative as they get older. The purpose of the experiment was to prove that children are more creative than adults. The hypothesis of the experiment was that children will demonstrate that they are more creative than adults using attributes from both sides of the brain in the given timed hands-on experiment. 20 children, ages 10 to 12 (10 males and 10 females) and 20 adults over 18 years old (7 males and 13 females) were asked to cut a 3 x 5 inch index card into a continuous loop with no loose ends in less than 10 minutes. The results of this experiment showed that 55 percent (11 out of 20) children successfully completed the task and 10 percent (2 out of 20) adults successfully completed the task. Thus, in this experiment the results showed that children were 45 percent more creative than adults supporting the proposed hypothesis.WillBrokamp8The Effect of Music on Energizing Your WorkoutBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)105The purpose of my project was to determine the effects of listening to different kinds of music on the total strides and calories burnt by people exercising on the elliptical machine. My hypothesis was that if fast rock music was played while a person was exercising, the person would take more strides and burn off more calories than when listening to calm piano music or no music. I determined that my hypothesis wasn't correct. Even though one person used the most energy when he exercised to the rock music, three people used the most energy when they exercised to the piano music, while one person used the most energy when he exercised without music. I learned that not all people took the most strides or burnt off the most calories when they listen to fast rock music. I also learned that different people exerted different amounts of energy when exercising to fast and slow music as well as no music.PatrickBuck8Be Careful What You Vote For: The Science of PoliticsBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)106Abstract The Purpose of this project is to determine if people are biased against political ideas or organizations that the don't recognize. This project shows how phrasing of a political name can shape someone's opinion.

To conduct this experiment a ten question political survey was constructed. Participants provided their name, age, and gender and were given three minuted to complete the survey. The results were calculated and compared between age and gender.

The hypothesis that: "If people are more likely to rank groups that are widely known higher than lesser known groups, then when asked to choose from these same groups using different names, they will rank the more well-known name higher despite those rankings not aligning with their opinions," should be accepted. If subjects are knowledgeable about the choices, they will rank the same organizations or groups the same. For example, when ranking their favorite baseball teams, a subject should rank the "Cincinnati Reds" and the "professional baseball team from Cincinnati" the same. The ration between those two same groups should be 1.00 meaning each has the same ranking. In this experiment this did not happen.

The ratio between the compared groups in the experiment varied significantly, and no group had a ratio of 1.00. The ratios calculated ranged between 0.45 and 0.89. For example, the Affordable Care Act and Obamacare had a ratio of 0.75. This shows that people ranked two things that are the same differently, and ranked their least favorite choice much higher than intended.EmmaCampbell7Perception and Droodles: Do You See What I See?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)107EugeniaCampos7The Nose Knows Smell, but What About Taste?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)108The Nose Know Smell, but What About Taste? by Eugenia Campos. Everyone has had a stuffy nose or a really bad cold at least once in their life. They have probably noticed that when they eat, everything tastes bland and almost flavorless. This is caused by all of the mucus blocking the passageway from your mouth to your nose. Whenever we eat we release chemicals called tastants. These travel up from your mouth to your nose, but with all the mucus blocking that passageway, it can't reach the nose. This shows how much smell contributes to flavor and how we taste. The smell and taste information is combined in the brain, but when one signal is interrupted, the flavor in our food might seem a little different than normal. I chose to do this experiment because I was curious about why food tastes different when we have a stuffy or blocked nose. When I started my expedient, my hypothesis was: There is a relation between the sense of smell and the sense of taste that help us detect different flavors in our food, such as sweet or sour. After my experiment, my hypothesis was proved correct. The sense of smell has a huge impact in helping us detect flavor in food.BenClarke7The effect of distraction on productivityBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)109Can't get the abstract loaded despite using technique explained above. Will send a copy with payment in the mail.SydneyCole7The Distraction of ColorBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)110The Distraction of ColorSydney Cole The purpose of my Science Fair project is to help people find colored objects more efficiently. I wanted to find out if it would be harder to find a target with more distractors. I hypothesized that the more distractors there were, the harder it would be to find a target. To prove my hypothesis I first created ten letter grids with different colors and an increasing number of distractors. Then I tested twenty subjects (Group A) to see how long it took them to find the target. I noticed that the subjects had the greatest difficulty on the yellow and other brightly colored papers and that they also appeared to be taking longer on the second half of the experiment. Therefore, I tested another twenty subjects (Group B) to see if it took them longer on the first half or the second half. For Group A the average time was 28.33 seconds and the average total time for Group B was 26.32 seconds. Group B scoured an average of 9.67 seconds on the first half and 16.66 seconds on the second. Eighteen of my second twenty subjects had a slower time on the second half with more distractions, and the other two had times barley a minute apart. Overall, almost all of my subjects scored a faster time when there were fewer distractions on the paper than when there were more, which supported my hypothesis.LillianDavis7If You Can't Smell, Can You Tell?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)111The purpose of my project was to find out if the sense of smell affects taste. My hypothesis was that if 7th grade students eat different Jello flavors with and without smelling, then more students will correctly guess the Jello that they can smell. The reason I thought this was because the sense of smell and taste have several relationships on how they affect each other. I had 15 students write down the flavor of Jello with my materials. 80% of my subjects were able to guess the first flavor (grape) with the ability to smell it. Only 13% correctly guessed the second flavor (strawberry) correctly without smelling it. 0% guessed the third flavor (watermelon) correctly without smelling it. In conclusion, my hypothesis was correct.BettinaErnst8The Correlation between Feelings of Loneliness and Size of Social Network in Junior High StudentsBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)112The purpose of my experiment is to find the correlation between size of social network and feelings of loneliness and social isolation in junior high students. According to the Encyclopedia of Psychology some psychologists define loneliness as "the unpleasant experience that results from a perceived discrepancy between a person's desired and actual social relationships" (74). The most common system for measuring loneliness is the Revised UCLA loneliness scale. The R-UCLA unfortunately is difficult to administer in large surveys because of its length. I adapted the questions used in the survey in the study "A Short Scale for Measuring Loneliness in Large Surveys" to be more applicable to seventh and eighth graders. Then I enlisted the help of a seventh grader to administer the surveys to seventy-six seventh and eighth graders. While there was a negative correlation between total UCLA three question loneliness scale score and total Berkley social networks index for all participants collectively, according to the data I collected there is statistically no significance. The Importance of this study is that it shows that there is a chance that the correlation between size of social network and feelings of loneliness and social isolation is weekKarlyFedermannElizabethVinel8Noise LevelBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)113The purpose of the experiment is to measure the noise level of students sitting vs standing in a classroom.

1. Find a classroom to experiment on.

2. Record the class you're experimenting on.

3. Compare and contrast the two noise levels.

4. Repeat all steps with different classrooms.

Sitting StandingStart: 90 Start: 98End: 94 End: 99Average: 92 Average: 98.5

Sitting StandingStart: 80 Start: 88End: 90 End: 94Average: 85 Average: 91

Sitting StandingStart: 81 Start: 93End: 89 End: 100Average: 85 Average: 96.5

Sitting StandingStart: 90 Start: 95End: 93 End: 98Average: 91.5 Average: 96.5

Sitting StandingStart: 87 Start: 89End: 87 End: 89Average: 87 Average: 89

"Imagine walking into a classroom while the students are standing. They are noisy. The teacher told them to sit and be quiet. They did, but were whispering to their friends. But, walking into another classroom, they are sitting not doing what they were told and yelling to friends. They stand up to leave and find their friends. While comparing the classrooms, notice they are opposites to each other when it comes to their noise level. Why does this happen?" This is the same anecdote that was in the introductory paragraph and it is being repeated because the answer to this question was found. Based on experiments, we found students do talk louder while standing vs sitting. Even though students standing were louder, them sitting still plays a roll in their noise level.CarolineFrance8Real Girls Stand Strong TogetherBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)114The purpose of this study is to see if a series of classes focused on improving self esteem is impactful to 7th and 8th grade girls. The study also examined student's attitudes about participating in the series and what information they found most/least helpful.

To conduct this study, a class series was designed to cover topics of importance to girl's self esteem. Thirty-five girls from St. Columban's Junior High participated in the study. The participants 1) completed a pre/post questionnaire assessing their self esteem, 2) actively participated in the series and 3) completed a class series evaluation.

Study results indicate the class series did improve self-esteem among many participants. Therefore the investigator's hypothesis should be accepted. Guidance with the use of social media and greater understanding of "fear of missing out" (F.O.M.O) was most helpful to participants. Exercise appeared to be less helpful because many participants described already being physically active. Subjects who attended all of the classes demonstrated greater improvement to self-esteem compared to participants attending fewer classes.BridgetFuller8The Effects of Talking on a Cell Phone on Reaction TimeBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)115The purpose of my experiment was to answer the question of whether talking on a call phone would lead to an increase in reaction time. My hypothesis was that if reaction time was related to talking on a cell phone, then talking on a cell phone would make the reaction time slower. In order to test this theory, I asked ten people to participate in my study as subjects and two of them as my assistants, also. I dropped a yardstick and instructed them to catch it. I then had my assistant call the subject on their cell phone and ask them a series of simple, fact-related questions while the subject attempted to catch the yardstick again. I converted the measurements form the yardstick into reaction times. The reaction times were longer for 70% of the participants while they talked on the cell phone. This result led to the conclusion that my hypothesis was mostly supported by my data. Reaction times are usually slower when people are having a conversation on a cell phone.ScottHahn8Does Smell Affect Memory?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)116Have you ever smelled something and had it bring back memories? In this experiment, the connection between smell and memory was explored by testing to see if smell would affect the ability to remember a pictured item. The hypothesis was that smell would help in remembering a pictured item less than 50% of the time. Eighteen subjects were individually tested. Each test subject looked at a pictured item (e.g. a picture of a dog) while smelling a randomly assigned smell. The smells were lotion, garlic, pumpkin spice, basil, onion powder, Tabasco, Windex, honey cinnamon, maple syrup, barbecue sauce, and cherry, vanilla, orange, lemon and chocolate extracts. The subject did this for 15 pictures and smells and was called back in two hours. When he or she came back, the subject wrote down as many of the 15 pictured items as possible. It was recorded what items the subject remembered. For the items not written down, the subject was given the corresponding smells one by one to see if the smells would spark a memory. The subjects were allowed one minute per smell to do so. In the end it was found that memory alone helped in remembering a pictured item 33% of the time. Smell helped in remembering the pictured item 8% of the time. A pictured item was not remembered at all 61% of the time. This may have been due to a lack of exposure time or emotional connection with the smells and pictures.SamanthaHarold7How do colors affect emotions?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)117In understanding why emotions are associated with colors, one must first consider how the brain perceives color, how connections with emotions and colors are made, and real-world applications of color with emotion. It was hypothesized that if people are told to choose a word (from a list of emotion words) to associate with a color, then red would be associated with anger, yellow associated with optimism, green associated with peacefulness, orange associated with energy, blue associated with sadness, and purple associated with powerfulness. Each participant, a total of 54, was presented with a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a list of 6 colors and a list of 6 emotions. They were asked to answer the question, "How does this color make you feel?" by matching a color with an emotion. The data was collected in a lab notebook. The results of this experiment showed that 74% of the participants paired red with anger, 11% associated orange with energy, 16% associated with yellow with optimism, 25% associated green with peacefulness, 62% associated blue with sadness, and 22% associated purple with powerfulness. Some of the data from this experiment supported the original hypothesis, with the associations of red with anger and blue with sadness. This information is important because psychologists, color association organizations, and paint companies could use the data to change their associations.AlexHill8Supersized MiceBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)118The purpose of this experiment was to determine if eating fast food triggers overeating.To test the hypothesis, a three-phase experiment was conducted with each phase lasting 14 days. Six mice were divided into pairs and put into three cages: A, B, and C. Mice were chosen as subjects, since they are commonly used in experiments for human research. Throughout the 42-day experiment, cage A mice were the control group and fed only pet store mouse food.During phase 1, all mice were fed pet store food. In phase 2, cages B and C mice were fed unlimited amounts of McDonald's (hamburgers, fires, and chicken nuggets). In phase 3, cage B ate McDonald's and pet store food. Cage C was fed pet store food with McDonald's from 4 to 6pm only.In phase 2, cages B and C mice ate significantly more food with a combined average of 44.6 g/day. While cage A (control) averages 17.6 g/day. In phase 3, cage B consumed an average of 65.7 g of McDonald's and 2.21 g of mouse food per day. Cage C ate a daily average of 21.2 g of McDonald's and 3.1 g of mouse food. Experimental results were dramatic, with cage B mice eating more than four times the food and gaining seven times more body weight than the control. Cage C ate 60% more food and gained eight time more weight than the control. The results indicate the hypothesis is accepted and eating fast food triggers overeating.AlinaInfantino8Colors: Is What you see what you say?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)119The purpose of this experiment was to determine which Stroop Effect slide show would be completed the fastest by the subjects. Slide show #1 had 6 slides where the written color and the font color on each slide were next to each other on the basic color wheel. Slide show #2 had 6 slides where the font color and the written color on each slide were opposites on the basic color wheel.

To conduct this experiment the application PowerPoint was used to create 2 Stroop Effect slide shows. Each slide show was shown to each subject individually. The subject was tested on how fast they could announce the font color of the written colors.

The experimental results were conducted by having each subject complete each slide show test and the time was measured with a stopwatch in seconds.

After conducting 51 trials on 51 different human subjects, the results showed that slide show test #2 where the 2 colors were opposites on the color wheel conducted the fastest times with an average of 10.3 seconds. It was fascinating that all of the 51 human subjects completed the slide show #2 faster than they completed slide show #1.

The results indicated that the hypothesis should be rejected. The slide show where the colors were next to each other on the color wheel did not have the fastest times. The colors being so similar confused the human subjects resulting in more time being taken to give the correct answer.LexieKemble8Gender and Grade Correlation to Learning StylesBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)120For this experiment, I determined if gender and education level correlate to whether a person is an auditory or visual learner. This experiment was meant to inform others about how gender and education level can correlate to learning types, so teachers can adjust their teaching methods to effectively meet the learning abilities of their students. I hypothesized that males would be visual learners and females would be auditory learners. I also hypothesized that the lower education levels would score higher on the visual test.To determine whether gender and education level correlate to a persons learning type, I tested thirty- six test subjects of different education levels. I read aloud a list of numbers for the test subjects to memorize while they did not see the list of numbers. After I repeated the auditory- given list three times, the test subjects recorded any numbers that they remembered. I then gave the test subjects a printed list of numbers that were different from the prior test. The test subjects were given exactly thirty seconds to learn the list of numbers that I did not repeat aloud and when time was up, they recorded any numbers that they memorized in order. After all test subjects had been tested, I concluded that males scored higher on the auditory test and females scored higher on the visual test. The higher and lower education levels generally scored higher on the auditory test, therefore there is no correlation to a persons education level and learning type.ShivMalhotra8Do High Impact Sports or Low Impact Sports affect the amount of sleep that an Adolescent gets?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)121Sleep is an integral part of our daily lives. It serves to regulate many o four bodily functions that we need to carry out our activities, such as studying, exercise, and a heart and healthy lifestyle. Sleep happens in a very regulated manner from NREM sleep to REM sleep.

Adolescents are particularly venerable to lack of sleep due to the multitude of tasks they have to due in their day (schoolwork, homework, extra-curricular activities, sports). My study is to evaluate if there is a relationship in the different types of sports that adolescents play vs. the amount of sleep they get in their night.

I hypothesized that students who play high impact sport (Football, Basketball, Soccer, Lacrosse) are likely to get less sleep than students who play low impact sports (Baseball, Golf, Swimming, Tennis, Cross Country, and Track). My control group is students that do not play any sports.

I conducted a research survey where I asked via the web "surveymonkey.com" students their ages, type of sports they play and the average amount of sleep they receive per weeknight.

My results form the survey included 90 students of which 62 played sports and 28 did not. The students that played high impact sports were 30 and low impact sports were 32 and no sports were 28.

The students that received the most average recommended sleep came from the low impact sports group and then the high impact sport group by a slim 4%. Therefore my hypothesis was supported, but by a very minuscule amount. To my surprise the students that do not play any sports actually had the least amount of sleep. This could have been due to other variables such as extracurricular activities.

I believe that there is a great potential for studying the sleeping habits of different adolescent athletics. If we can strategize the sports where students tend to get less sleep, the individual student and parent can be more aware before participating in that activity.IsabellaMarcum7Multitasking: Brain Drain or Boost in Efficiency?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)122Multitasking: Brain drain or boost in efficiency? Multitasking is doing two or more things at once. The human brain has a specific region that allows us to multitask known as the prefrontal cortex. The purpose of this experiment is to prove or disprove whether multitasking drains the brain or boosts efficiency. My hypothesis states that multitasking will drain the brain and reduce efficiency. You will need ten female subjects of same age, two simple math test, labels, portable music player with headsets, timer, evaluation forms, pencils ,lab book, scrap paper, and a room to take the tests. Each test subject will take a math test while listening to music, and then take a similar math test in complete quiet. Each subject's time and score will be recorded for each test. Then they will complete an evaluation form explaining how they felt about the tests. Finally, calculate the scores for each test and compare averages for scores and time for the group. My results show that 8 subjects scored the same or better on the test with music and 2 subjects scored lower. Results also show that it took the subjects an average of 43 seconds longer to complete the test with music. My conclusion is that a greater percentage of subjects scored better on the test with music, but it took them longer. Based on this conclusion multitasking gives a boost in efficiency with scoring. My hypothesis was disproved due to the fact that scores were better with music.ShriyaPenmetsaJinalKarani8Battle of the Sexes (Short Term Memory in Teens)Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)123The issue that we investigated in our experiment was which gender of teens (ages 11-14) has a better short term memory. We hypothesized that the girls would be able to show a superiority in this area. Our hypothesis was tested in classrooms across Mason Middle School. We tested seven different classrooms resulting in 50 students of each gender. We determined our answer by showing a large group of middle school students (consisting of both males and females) a slide that had 20 objects on it, for 30 seconds and then 60 seconds immediately after to write down as many objects as they could remember. Our results showed that females could remember an average of 10.66 of the images out of 20. This surpassed the males by almost two; the males had an average of 8.68. We also found that the median of the girls' score was 11 whereas the boys median was nine. We also saw that the mode of the female's score was 11 as well. This surpassed the males mode of 8. In conclusion we found that teenage girls are better in recalling things in a short period of time as we had predicted in our hypothesis.SophiePilon8Long & Short Term Memory in Males & FemalesBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)124The purpose of this experiment is to see if males or females have more accurate long term and short term visual memory recall. To conduct this experiment two questionnaires and a video were needed. The first questionnaire consisted of ten questions, five questions asked the subjects to recall what they saw on the shelves, one questions asked about the person's appearance, and two questions asked the subjects to rate themselves etc. The subjects were asked to complete the first questionnaire prior to viewing the video. The subjects then watched the video. The video was two minutes long and was taken of a person sitting in front of bookshelves, with items (football, plants, books, baseball glove) behind the person (with the person talking occasionally, but not constantly), and all the items on the shelves were visible within the scope of the camera. After the subjects watched the video, they immediately filled out the questionnaire a second time. The subjects watched the video one time and the subjects were not timed. The experimental results were measured by the answers to the two questionnaires the subjects filled out. So, the answers from the first and second questionnaires were used to calculate the results. The results indicate that the hypothesis should be accepted because females recalled 33.34% more details on the short-term experiment and 27.9% more details on the long-term experiment.MeganRaab7Does Gender Affect the Ability to See Color?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)125The question of this experiment is does gender affect the ability to see colors. The hypothesis states that females see colors better than males. There were ten female and ten male test subjects. Females saw significantly more colors than males and scored higher on the tests. The constants for the experiment were the number of colors and the number of times the test subjects took the test. The independent variables were the colors changed in the second test, and the dependent variables were the number of colors the test subjects see and the number of times they take the test. The variables were measured by questioning the test subjects. For the first test, the subject observed a picture with many colors together. The test subject counted how many shades of colors there were. There was no right or wrong answer. For the second test, there were five rows, each row a different color. In three of the rows the color was changed to a shade just like it. The test subjects had to choose which row had a color change and point to the different shade. The result of this experiment was that females do see colors significantly better than males. In chart one, all the males' scores added up to around 250. The females' scores added up to around 320. For chart two, the most popular score was six out of six, and those scores were from the females. If this project were to be repeated, the test subjects would all be approximately the same age. This result supports the hypothesis to be supported.TaliaRaider-RothMackenzieWaggoner8Music's Influence on a Hamsters Time in a MazeBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)126Purpose: To determine whether music can make a difference on a hamsters time in the mazeProcedure: A large maze was made out of cardboard with different obstacles for the hamster to get through. Research was conducted about previous experiments on how music affected animals. The results showed little to noticeable behavioral changes. Two test runs were timed without music to observe how the hamster's time was without any environmental changes. Then four different genres of music were played: classical, pop, country, and middle-eastern. Each was timed two times with the same hamster throughout the experiment.Data:Test run: 23 seconds, 8 secondsClassical: 6 seconds, 4 secondsPop: 2 seconds, 3 secondsMiddle-Eastern: 20 seconds, 17 secondsConclusion:many of our hypotheses ended up being the actual results.we have concluded from this experiment that different music does effect a hamsters time in the maze. the middle eastern music made them more relaxed and their time in the maze was noticeably slower. the last two results were the most surprising. The country music also made them noticeably slower but when we played the classical, their time was very fast. This experiment is relevent and helpful for service animals in terms of mood and how fast they will be going. these results could ultimately be used for an experiment on service animals to observe if music would be helpful with training and focus of the animals.AnantRamji8Natural Stress ReductionBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)127Problem (Research question);How does auditory input impact human stress?

Hypothesis: That the lower frequencies would reduce human stress but not too much.

Every day humans around the world are affected by stress. However, stress can come with negative effects on physical and mental health. Studies show that when humans are stressed the hormone cortisol is released into the blood and has been shown to correlate with EEG response ( which map all the brain waves including alpha and beta waves). Further literature also cites an increase in alpha waves and a decrease in beta waves results in less stress. Similarly increase in beta and decrease in alpha waves lead to more stress.

Keeping this in mind I thought I could reduce human stress by manipulating the brainwaves using certain frequencies of sound. The frequencies I used to manipulate alpha and beta waves were 20hz, 100hz and 500hz. The brainwave readings were by using NeuroSky's EEG brainwave sensor, and data was collected by using an Android app called EEG ID. I started by taking a baseline, which was just the subject without any auditory input (for 2 mins). Following this I had the subject listening to the test frequency of sound (20hz, 100hz and finally 500hz) for 2 mins each (each subject had their own baseline). The study was conducted with 19 people over the age group of 9-78 years. When I analyzed the data, only the 20hz frequency ended up causing an increase in alpha waves and a decrease in beta waves leading to reduced stress. Another interesting observation was the impact of the frequencies was greater with older subjects. Overall my experiment had positive results as well as proving my hypothesis.

Conclusion: 20hz sound frequency helps naturally reduce stress.

Impact: Applying 20hz sound frequency at home and work places can reduce stress, improve the quality of life and increase productivity.RonitRay8Which memory method helps you remember the bestBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)128My project was set up to answer the question of the best Memory Recall Method. I wanted to test the Hypothesis that the Audio Visual Mnemonics method is still the best for better memory recall. To test my question, I prepared 4 word lists Audio, Visual, Audio Visual and the last one which had Audio Visual and Mnemonics, which is a type of associative memory aid. At the end of my experiment I found that the best memory recall method was Audio Visual Mnemonic because it was with Associated words. I also found that the first and the last words on the list had the highest percentage of recall out of all the words.Use world list labeled Normal, give to participant and tell to memorize by just looking at itStart timer for 1 minute when you give the listAfter 1 minute is over take back the list and ask participant the words they remembered and document out of 25 in notebookRepeat steps 1to3 except this time read List #1 out loud without showing it to participantRepeat steps 1to3 except this time give participant List #2 and read out loud as they are looking at listRepeat steps 1to3 except this time give list labeled Chunking and read out loud as well as giving participant list to look atDo this on several participants to gather data

The findings thereby support the hypothesis that Mnemonic methods have the best recall.KateRentrop7Slow Down!Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)129My project is How Can Traffic Be Slowed Down?. I came up with this project because their are many cars that speed down our street. I conducted this project with my Dad, who helped me measure the speed of the cars. We used our street and picked a location on our street to measure speed of the cars. We measured the speed in mph and took the average mph of all the speeds. My hypothesis, the more variables added the street, the more the traffic speed will slow down, is correct. As I added the variables, the traffic did slow down. The average speed with no variable (control) was 28.4 mph, the speed with the visual warning signal was 25.7 mph, the speed with people playing near the street was 23.3 mph and the speed for people playing in the street and the visual warning signal was 22.1 mph. That proves that the variable with people playing in the street and the visual warning signal combined slowed down the traffic the best and was the most effective.DaniShoemake7Does Body Language Indicate Truthfulness or Deception?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)130The question for this experiment was does body language indicate truthfulness or deception? The hypothesis states that body language will differ between those who are truthful or deceptive. The experiment was conducted by gathering twenty students, ten girls and ten boys, in grade range fourth through eighth. Each subject was given a card that was labeled "truth" or "deception," (lie). Each subject was instructed to answer the question that they were asked. Then, each subject's body language was carefully observed and recorded. The constant was that the same number of boys and girls were used as subjects. The independent variable was the questions that were asked. The dependent variable was monitored to see if the body language changed, thus, signaling deception. The verbal and nonverbal responses were documented. Examples included recording how many times the subject said "Umm," fidgeted, or possessed a stiff posture. Furthermore, if the reactions did not match the verbal cues or if the subject repeated the phrasing of the question, this was an indication of deception. The results indicated that deceivers had more body language cues than those who were honest. The hypothesis was supported because the body language did differ between those who told the truth versus those who were deceptive. If this experiment was conducted again, the subject should be given the card after the calibration question to reduce mishap. Another thing to change would be to limit the questioning process to closed-ended techniques.AbigailSmeltzer7Text Color and RetentionBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)131The purpose of my project was to find out if text color affects retention. My hypothesis was that if you change text color while studying a set of words and numbers than red will show better retention results. The reason I thought this was because red stands out and black what we normally use when we are typing a paper, or essay and while we do projects we might change the text color and sometimes helps us remember what we put. But, we when we use black on projects we don't always remember what we put.

I took my materials and made 3 retention tests. All of them were words and numbers, one in black, one in blue, and one in red. Then, I made a chart to record what they remembered. After that, I had the person/people study for 30 seconds. Then, I recorded what they remembered. In conclusion, my hypothesis was incorrect. The average words and numbers that were memorized was 8.15, the average words and numbers that were memorized on the second test was 7.15, and the average words and numbers memorized on the last test was 7.25. I found out that most people could memorize better with the black text color. I also found out that some people, depending on the person, can memorize words better than numbers.ElizabethSpade7how gender affects a persons ability to identify optical illusionsBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)132the purpose of experiment was to see if gender makes a difference when looking at optical illusions. I surveyed students from my school. I collected the data. Gender does not seem to change the way we see optical illusions.EllaTodd7Can Music Give you Energy?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)142To understand if music can give one energy, one must learn how the brain receives music,how music is interpreted, and the science behind energy. It was hypothesized that if a person runs while listening to music and runs without listening to music, then the person will run faster listening to music. Students from grades 4-7 were gathered and tested individually. Each participant ran a certain distance, once while listening to music and once while not. The participants were timed on how long it took them to run the distance. The observations were recorded. The results of this experiment showed that the average number of seconds it took the participant to run while listening to music was 34.355 and the average number of seconds it took the participant to run without listening to music was 35.266. These results were inconclusive due to the fact that there was not a significant difference between the averages. This information is important to teachers, marathon runners and officials, everyday joggers, psychologists,and cross-country runners because people want to know if there is a way to make exercising more endurable.CollinTrisslAdamSmyth8Effects of Age, Gender, and Memory during a Crime SceneBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)143The purpose of this project is to determine the best age group and gender to use as an eye witness. An eye witness is a crucial part of every crime scene and their information can help law authorities determine aspects of a crime to stop the person responsible for committing it. An eyewitness has to remember aspects of a crime to provide evidence for law authorities, so we tested the memory of individuals who witnessed a crime. To conduct our experiment we used a coffee shop because this location has age and gender variety. We then acted out a fake crime, where one of us steal a computer and make a loud noise in the process while the other was in the restroom. After five minutes a survey would be given out to the people in the room asking questions about the crime itself and aspects of the crime. After three trials and 30 surveys, we were able to gather data and create the graphs above. The age group that had the highest accuracy and confidence was 15-25 age group and the lowest in accuracy was the 37-47 age group. However. the lowest confidence was 48+. The males dominated the females in terms of confidence and accuracy. However, both sexes had a lower confidence than their actual accuracy. Males had a confidence average of 40%, but their average accuracy was 55%. Females on the other hand had a confidence average of 29% and an accuracy average of 46%. These results could be attributed to eyewitnesses doubting themselves, resulting in lower confidence even if they had plenty of information about the crime and description of the criminal which increases their accuracy.JuliaArwine11Femininity and Masculinity in FacesBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)563The experiment was conducted to determine if feminized, masculinized or average versions of male and female faces were most attractive. Using an online transformer, four male and four female faces of various races and ethnicities were averaged, masculinized and feminized, and the three versions were grouped together, making eight groups of twenty-four different faces. A group of participants was then surveyed, each person asked to choose the face in each group of three they found most attractive or appealing. The feminine versions of the female faces were consistently favored over the others by a wide margin, and the average versions of the male faces were generally preferred, although by a much slimmer margin. This determines that feminine female faces and average male faces are the most attractive facial types.AnnaBauerSamanthaPerkins9Minty Memory EnhancementBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)564Our experiment was to prove the point that peppermint scent or flavor really increases your memory. First we took the subject's blood pressure and oxygen saturation, and then we had the subject play a memory game with nine pairs of playing cards for a total of eighteen cards numbered 2-10. We took their blood pressure and oxygen saturation after they played also. We repeated the same procedure but with the subject taking a mint before they take the memory test, waiting 20 seconds before they began the test. Our data showed the average person had a time of 85 seconds on the first test and an average time of 57 seconds on the second time. Therefore, the average time went down by almost 30 seconds. We concluded that peppermint flavor or scent really does increase and stimulate your memory.LydiaBentleyMariaBlanchard9Children's Perception of StereotypesBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)565The purpose of this experiment was to gain insight on children's beliefs today in relation to gender roles. The method used in the collection of data was purposely made to collect data from children all in the same atmospheres, a school. Standardized surveys were handed out to 45 children from grades 1-5. The data showed that children see more gender equality in the sports subject in comparison to economics and family. In economics and family, kids of every grade always sided with the stereotype. In every grade, the percentage difference was the lowest when looking at the sports aspect. This generally supported the hypothesis as overall the data increases in similarity to stereotypes as the child ages.SamuelDurm9The Impact of Snoring in Different Sleeping PositionsBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)566Getting plenty of sleep is one of the most important things people can do to keep themselves healthy. Snoring can disrupt sleep and prevent your body from getting the sleep it needs. For excessive snorers, understanding ways to prevent snoring would be helpful to improve their sleep patterns. The purpose of this experiment is to understand how sleeping positions impact snoring. The hypothesis was that snoring occurs more frequently when sleeping on your back than when sleeping on your stomach. The experiment supported the hypothesis. To do this project an app called, "Snore Lab," was used to record and organize the hours slept and percentage of hours slept through the night. The final results show that when sleeping on your stomach, snoring occurs 8% of the time, as compared to sleeping on your back where snoring occurs 17.8% of the time. This project helped teach me about sleep apnea, positions that support better sleep, and different causes for snoring such as, sleeping positions, allergies, and food or drink eaten or drank before sleeping.MackenzieGehler9Jog Your MemoryBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)567I tested how memory correlated with physical activity. I found out that that physical activity could potentially improve your memory. Different exercises affect the memory differently. In an experiment at the Stalk Institute, they tested mice and the correlation between exercise and memory. They concluded that the mice that had access to running wheels had better memory. I wanted to see how exercise affected real people. I put out household items and had people remember items in two different memory tests. Volunteers performed in physical activity and some played board games. I concluded that physical activity affected memory negatively. The decreased amount of items as a whole for the physical activity group was -14 and -13 for the board games. I found that daily exercise helps your memory better than just one session of exercise. According to a study the hippocampal volume increases by 2% when you exercise daily.AllieKaylorCarolenaWagner9Effects of Reinforcement Styles on Elementary Age StudentsBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)568For years, people have wondered if reward or punishment is a better motivation tool for children. Although many experiments have been done on this subject, few reflect the behavior of early adolescents. This experiment was designed to test if positive reinforcement is more effective than negative punishment in enforcing students to work. Students were given fifteen seconds to write the alphabet on a sheet of paper given to them. They were either told they would receive an eraser for completing the task, or they would get their pencil taken away for not finishing. Through the trials, it was concluded that the positive reinforcement groups, who were told they would be rewarded with an eraser, produced better results than the negative reinforcement groups, who were told their pencil would be taken away.KatieMcCort9Do You See What I See?Behavioral & Social Sciences (Human)569The hypothesis stated for this experiment is: kids at the ages 6-8 are more susceptible optical illusions than adults between the ages 37-52. The purpose of this experiment was to test kids' as well as adults' perceptions of optical illusions and compare the results to prove the hypothesis. It is stated in the background research, that people's susceptibility to optical illusions depends partially on their previous knowledge and life experience. In the experiment, adults ages 37-52 and kids ages 6-8 were given an optical illusion test that included five illusions and questions to answer along with them. The adults' and kids' results were compared, and the results revealed that kids were definitely more susceptible to the illusions than the adults. The data recorded shows the great difference in the results. In conclusion, the data supported the hypothesis, proving that kids are indeed more susceptible to optical illusions than adults.VeronicaMenendez10Brain's Response Based on Screen SizeBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)570In Brain's Response Based on Screen Size, a surprising discovery was made about the brain and technology. The problem is how does the brain react and process data based on the electronic device's screen size. The hypothesis is that bigger the screen, the faster the brain responds. In order to understand this lab, you need to understand how our brains work. Our brain receives and interprets information that comes from the eye and then goes through nerves and into our lobes in order to be interpreted. To test the speed of this process, participants were asked to play a game called Four Letters on three separate electronic devices: an Apple Watch, an iPhone, and an iPad. Ten participants were students and ten participants were parents. The scores from each game were recorded. In total, there was an average of 10 pts in Apple Watch, 14 pts in iPhone, and 13 pts in iPad on the Student group. In the Parent group, there was an average of 9 pts in Apple Watch, 17 pts in iPhone, and 16 pts in iPad. This calculations were done by having an average of all scores in each group. In conclusion, the result were mixed because of possible reasons. The first reason is that students have been more exposed to technology than parents. Another reason is that the game used for the experiment was a word game. This means that the participants needed a wide variety of words, which is why parents' scores might have been higher. The most important reason that there was mixed results was because our brain is in a process of adaptation meaning that our brain is adapting to the iPhone's screen size because it is what we used most in our everyday life.VincentRamundo9The Effect of Exercise on MemoryBehavioral & Social Sciences (Human)571The question this series of experiments was trying to answer was if exercise had any effect on students' short term memory. The problem this experiment was trying to fix was the situation all students are put in with the extremely inactive learning environments in which they are expected to reach high standards on tests and assignments. Having students sit down at a desk or table all day is very boring for them, and tricks the body into thinking it is supposed to be at rest. When the results were being observed and tallied, one could come to the decision that the problem was not solved with the experiment that was used. This is contrary to what was hypothesized prior to the experiments and tests. The hypothesis that was predicted said that the exercise the students did would improve their memory significantly, and it definitely wasn't proved right. Some very reliable, qualified sources have stated that exercise does have an effect on the brain, and in some cases it is specifically associated to memory. The short cardiovascular type of exercise obviously didn't have the same effect as the types of exercise that the health experts were talking about. Those exercises were more excruciating, long, and rigorous. It was discovered that doing the experiment on these students didn't help because both the non exercising and exercising students memorized an average of twelve objects out of 20.IanBurt8The Effect of Sugar on the Heart Rate of DaphniaBiochemistry145The purpose of my project was to determine the effect of sugar on the heart rate of Daphnia magna. Daphnia are tiny, transparent water fleas, making it easy to see their hearts through a microscope. You may think that this has nothing to do with humans, but Daphnia hearts, unlike other arthropods, are very close to those of vertebrates' hearts. The effect of sugar, along with other substances, on the hearts of daphnia may have the same effects on humans, on a smaller scale. My hypothesis was that if Daphnia magna are introduced into an environment with different amounts of sugar, then their heart rates will increase as the ratio of sugar to water also increases. To investigate this hypothesis, I put daphnia into petri dishes filled with 50 milliliters of water. For each test, I dissolved 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. grams of sugar in each dish. After observing the daphnia filtering the sugar water for 5 minutes, I measured the heart rate of the daphnia for 10 seconds, and converted this to beats per minute. After gathering my data, I observed that after 6 grams of sugar dissolved in the water, the heart rate rose considerably. It then increased with 7 and 8 grams of sugar. The heart rate of the daphnia decreased with 9 and 10 grams. These daphnia died directly after they were observed. This concludes that the immediate effect of too much sugar be heart failures in daphnia, meaning it can happen in humans too.KalpakDuddella8Best detergent for DNA Extraction from wheat germ cellsBiochemistry146Nowadays, labs in various schools spend a lot of

money for DNA extraction demonstration. This is a

cheap, reliable, and safe way of tinkering with the

biological structures of cells. The experiment

focuses on testing which dish washing detergent

brand would be best to isolate cell membranes to

extract a nice, firm, and easily observable strand of

DNA. The wheat germ was mixed with hot water

to create a base solute for the experiment. Then,

detergent was poured in to remove any atomic

bonds between the membrane and any lipids to

isolate the membrane and the rubbing alcohol was

the final solvent in order to precipitate the DNA

strands from the cell.AlexanderPearks7Food to Fuel- BiogasBiochemistry147The purpose of my experiment was to determine if sugar content in food is a predictor ofthe amount of biogas that food will produce as it decomposes. My scientific question was:How will the sugar content in different types of food influence the amount of biogasproduced. My hypothesis was that higher levels of sugar content would increases theamount of biogas produced. I pureed several different types of foods (two fruits, twovegetables, and a meat) and put a target mass of each food into a different bottle. Eachbottle was then filled to the top with distilled water. Each bottle had a balloon stretchedover its mouth with duct tape to create a tight seal. I then measured the size of eachballoon over time and recorded the data. The results showed that the food with the highestsugar content (banana) produced the largest balloon but the food with the second highestsugar content (blueberry) did not produce the second largest balloon. The data suggeststhat my hypothesis was incorrect and that biogas production is not proportional to thesugar content in each food type.ArvindPrasad7Effectiveness of Natural Products in Blocking the UV(Ultraviolet) RadiationBiochemistry148UV radiation causes acute adverse effects like sunburn, skin aging or immunological suppression as well as malignant skin tumors. Best way to protect the skin from the dangerous effects of UV radiation is to use the sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or greater. Some ingredients in the sunscreen however causes certain allergic reactions and increase sensitivity to the skin. The purpose of this experiment is to test the effectiveness of natural oils and creams in blocking the UV radiation and its performance as a sun protection factor based on comparison to the commercial sunscreen. Experiment was conducted using several natural oils and using UV light (380 nm) source, UV AB meter (General,) UVAB digital light meter is designed to measure ultraviolet light in the range of 280 to 400 nm in a box design with an opening on the outer side with a plastic wrap to mimic skin and UVAB light source to mimic sun. A thin layer of material was applied on top of the plastic wrap to be measured. Each test was repeated 6 times. Results show that Natural oils such as grapefruit oil, coconut oil, tangerine oil was an effective barrier against the UV radiation by blocking 70% of the UV radiation without any harmful chemicals and can be used as a sunscreen. The results were compared to the SPF 85 (98% UV blocking) and SPF 50 (83% UV blocking). Research can help further with testing and formulating with combination of ingredients such as natural oils with zinc oxide and to study the UV radiation recordings from the UV meter with the SPF (sun protection factor).AlexandraPurdyZoeCopetas6When Proofing Yeast Which Glucose Proofs More Yeast?Biochemistry149The point of our experiment was to figure out which sugar or sugar alternative would yield the most yeast. We used monk fruit extract, Canamelao, blue agave sweetener and normal white fine sugar. While proofing yeast with sugar forms is not always relevant in the baking process, our findings could potentially help poor families stretch their food in the future. In order to find this out, we proofed yeast (the process of dissolving yeast in water and a form of glucose in order to see if the yeast is active) in Pyrex measuring dishes with each of the sugar substitutes in order to find out which yielded the most yeast. We used water at precisely 105 degrees fahrenheit, Fleischmann's ActiveDry Yeast, Dinas Canamelao, Trader Joe's Blue Agave Sweetener, Domino White Sugar, and Monk Fruit in the Raw extract in our tests.After testing, we measured the total amount of proofed yeast in each dish in cups. We then repeated the experiment two times, and then averaged the results, as unavoidable air pockets formed in the yeast while proofing created minor inconsistencies in our data. We proved that, on average, yeast proofed with monk fruit extract yields more than any other glucose form tested, with a total average of 2 cups, making our hypothesis correct.AriyaBradley9Possible cure to kidney stonesBiochemistry592Kidney stones are calcium that crystallizes and blocks the kidney. It must be painfully urinated out. Can we avoid this? It must be painfully urinated out. Can we avoid this? Calcium is a base. When bases combine with acid, they dissolve. Through research, I found that vinegar dissolves calcium. I used gravel to simulate calcium. The stones dissolved. What about stomach acid? I found that a chemical called aspartic acid gets past the stomach, to the kidneys. Kidney beans contain aspartic acid. Cranberry juice is known for curing kidney diseases. It mixes with urine, makes it more acidic, removes bacteria from kidney lining. Vinegar, cranberry juice, and kidney beans, in various combinations, were used to determine the viability of this research to lead to kidney stone treatment.AaronCharnayBenjaminCharnay11The Feasibility of Using Bamboo as a Source of Ethanol for FuelBiochemistry593The creation of corn-based ethanol fuels is an inefficient process, which in some cases produces twice the emissions of a petroleum alternative over the entire lifecycle of the fuel. The importance of finding an alternative source of ethanol is crucial, because at even the highest levels of efficiency, the U.S.A. could only meet the demand for 25% of its needed fuel. Bamboo, and other cellulosic biomasses can be acquired cheaply and processed to produce ethanol via the enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose which makes up a large portion of the mass. After lignin has been degraded (via manganese peroxidase, sulphuric acid, or sodium hydroxide) the biomass can undergo hydrolysis in order to produce glucose, which can then be fermented into ethanol. This resulting solution can be distilled to produce pure ethanol. Chemically, this ethanol is identical to the corn based alternative, but the biomass can be harvested at 3 times the rate. The results of experimentation warrant further research.AtneyaNair10Assessing the novel use of RTIs to inhibit Telomerase in cancerous cellsBiochemistry594The goal of this project was to determine whether the use of RTIs (Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) are a feasible method of telomerase inhibition. Telomerase is an enzyme that is activated in most cancerous cells that is essential for the cancerous cells to avoid becoming senescent. Because telomerase is not activated in most somatic cells and it is essential for cancerous cells to become immortalized, the inhibition of telomerase is a promising target for drug development for the treatment of cancer. Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase enzyme which adds telomeric DNA from a RNA template to the ends of chromosomes. HIV and other retroviruses use reverse transcription to integrate their genome into cellular DNA, and due to this, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors are a common treatment of retroviral infections. Because Telomerase and HIV Reverse Transcriptase share many structural and functional similarities, this project tests the feasibility of using existing RTI medication to inhibit telomerase. This project used AutoDock Vina, an open-source software that simulates molecular docking to determine the viability of potential drug candidates. 3D structures of telomerase and the various RTIs were obtained from online databases and prepared. Conformations of various RTIs and telomerase were tested, and binding affinities were determined by AutoDock Vina. The binding affinities calculated were then analyzed to determine the extent of inhibition in the cell. Based on the results of this experiment, existing RTIs appear to successfully inhibit telomerase. This project suggests that further screening of RTIs should be conducted to determine their success in treating cancer in vivo.AlexisWilkins11What Are the Odds?Biochemistry595An autoimmune disease is a disease in which the body's immune system attacks healthy cells. There are a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as MS, Lupus, or Type 1 Diabetes. What causes these diseases is unknown, but most seem to cling to the idea that it is genetic while some claim it's due to weak immune system. The point of this project was to disocver the probability of contracting an autoimmune disease by using M&M's and a die. The M&M's represent the body's cells and the die represents the chance of an autoimmunity slipping past the immune system. The control group was normal immune system with checkpoints that catch most autoimmunities. The next group has one weak checkpoint, the third has two, and the last has three. Once the trials are completed, one may come to the conclusion that those with three weak checkpoints are more prone to autoimmunities. Studies that claim that one in thirteen people have an autoimmune disease and the results in this report stated a one in twelve chance of contracting and autoimmune disease. The hypothesis that the group with three weak checkpoints would be most prone to autoimmune disease rang true with the experiment, and one could assume that it would with past and future projects.EmmaArends7Are Soil Microorganisms Important For Plant Growth?Botany152The purpose of this experiment was to determine if green bean plants would grow taller in unsterilized soil versus sterilized soil. The hypothesis was that green bean plants would grow taller in unsterilized soil due to the presence of microorganisms. This theory was tested by collecting soil and baking one half at 190 degrees Celsius for 3 hours, while leaving the other half alone. 250mL of sterilized soil were placed in five clear plastic 266mL cups. The same process was repeated for the unsterilized soil. One green bean seed was placed on top of each cup of soil and pushed down 2.5cm into the dirt. The seeds were watered with 60mL of tap water immediately after they were planted. Four days later, each plant was watered with 60mL of water again, then eight days later and another eight days later. On day thirteen, four pinholes were poked in the bottom of each cup for drainage. Each time a sprout appeared, it was measured daily until the experiment concluded. After twenty-eight days, an average was determined for the sterilized and unsterilized soil plants to determine if microorganisms are important for plant growth. The average height of the unsterilized soil plants was twelve centimeters, while the average height of the sterilized soil plants was fourteen centimeters. The results of the experiment show that the plants in the sterilized soil grew nine percent taller than the plants in the unsterilized soil. Therefore, the experiment did not support the hypothesis.EthanDillErikaDewey6What is the Best Compost?Botany153We thought that sample 7, which consisted of paper plates, banana peels and teabags, would effect the plants the most and that the banana peel would be the best. To test our hypothesis, we got seven identical ziploc bags. Than we put our three different materials into all of the bags on Decemebr 8th, making all of the combinations that there could be in the same exact amounts and brands then placing them in front of a window on the notheast side of our house. Than we took pictures of the compost every ten days for thirty days. We shook/turned the compost every other day for a week and than did it it every three days for the next three weeks, before we stopped turning on the 2nd of January.Than when our compost had composted enough to put on our plants, and our month was up, we planted our seeds on January 8th. Than we measured and took pictures of the plants on every third day. Something significant found in our data was that our storebought compost did worse than just plain soil. when we looked at our data we saw that sample 5 did the best; it consisted of teabags and paper plates. After comparing which samples did the best and what was in each sample we came up with this: Paper plates are the best, than teabags, then banana peels. So overall sample five did the best but paper plates on its own was the best material.KatherineGraeterAnnaFan8To Grow or Not to Grow? Effects of Different Nutrients on Wheatgrass Growth: Using both Hydroponics and TopsoilBotany154The purpose of this project was to see whether wheatgrass grew faster in either water or soil. In addition, the project tested to find if adding different additive nutrients would boost the growth. The nutrient additives tested were Floragro, Floramicro, and Florabloom. Hydroponics is proposed to be better than agriculture because it is more productive. Therefore, when the wheatgrass was grown in water it should have grown more robustly. In order to grow well, plants need certain nutrients and if the nutrients are added correctly then the production rate of wheatgrass should rise. However, if the wheatgrass is put into a medium that lacks the proper nutrients, then the production rate will decrease. The wheatgrass was pre-sprouted for three days before being separated into three groups. Each group had eight containers that had: dirt, dirt+Floragro, dirt+Floramicro, dirt+Florabloom, water, water+Floragro, water+Floramicro, and water+Florabloom. The plants were measured every three days for 15 days and the results tabulated and graphed. The wheatgrass seeds in dirt with Floramicro grew best overall, having the longest wheatgrass blade growth and the most constant rate of growth.GraceHehman7Effects Liquids Have on PlantsBotany155If you look at my project, you could learn how to grow plants quicker with different liquids. This will affect the way we water our plants on a daily basis. For my project I got 5 plants and designated each of them a liquid: water, milk, Mtn Dew, Fruit Punch Powerade, and orange juice. I thought if I gave my plant water it would stay an average height, weight, and diameter. I also thought if I gave my plant milk it would grow thicker, be shorter, and have an average width. But if I gave a plant Mtn Dew it would die. Orange Juice it would grow taller and have lots of leaves. Lastly if I gave my plant Fruit Punch Powerade it would have few leaves. Every day I watered my plants, and measured the height, width, and diameter. My data I collected concluded that the water made the plant grow in height and width, but it stayed the same in diameter. The plant given milk decreased in height and increased in width, given to the drooping leaves, but the diameter dropped in size but then remained the same throughout the remaining of the experiment. The plant given the Fruit Punch Powerade decreased in height and width but stayed the same in diameter. The plant given Mtn Dew decreased in height, width, and diameter. The plant given the Orange Juice suddenly dropped in height one day, but slowly decreased in width and diameter.JoshHoltmanColinHoward8The Effects of Magnetism on Plant GrowthBotany156As we grew the Mung beans, both under magnets and not under magnets, gave them the same amount of sunlight, and watered them one half of a fluid ounce every other day, our results showed that magnets do impact the growth of plants, which supported our hypothesis. The iron in the plants could have caused the plants underneath the magnets to grow taller because iron is attracted to magnets as we learned in our preliminary research. Although some plants did not grow, the plants under the magnets grew substantially more, on average, than the plants that were not underneath the magnets.If we repeated our experiment we would probably do more trials and stabilize the temperature of the experiment during the trials. Our data could change the way in which plants are farmed all over the world if magnetism does indeed cause plants to grow better. Farmers could use our results to grow plants taller in a shorter amount of time, which could help to feed people all over the world and slow down food shortages in countries where there are natural disasters.As a result of our experiment we learned that sometimes it can be more difficult and sometimes it can be easier to work with a partner than on our own. We also learned a lot about both plants and magnetism and how it works. We wonder if other factors could assist plant growth such as the color of light on the plant or whether natural or artificial fertilizer is being used. We could have experimented with different variables until we reached the perfect mix.McDanielIan7Which type of water is best for watering plantsBotany157I did my science fair project because so people could determine which type of water to use when watering your plants because you do not use the wrong water and kill your plants. Of the four types of water (purified, distilled, tap, filtered) which type of water will affect the growth of a bean plant the most. My materials that I used was twelve solo cups, distilled water, purified water, tap water, filtered water, ten milliliter graduated cylinder, metric ruler, and potting soil. My procedure was put forty-eight and a half grams of potting soil in twelve solo cups. Put three blue lake beans in each cup. Put them in a windowsill facing south. Give them each 10 milliliters of their designated cup of water each day. Measure them each day in centimeters. Take a picture every seven days to measure their growth. Filtered water grew the most at the end of the experiment. In conclusion my hypothesis was incorrect.CaitlinJimmar7The Study of how genetically modified, Roundup Ready seeds respond to Roundup herbicide in comparison to non-modified seeds.Botany158AbstractIn order to understand the want of genetically modified, Roundup Ready soybeans, it is important to have knowledge of genetically modified soybeans, the effects of Roundup on Roundup Ready soybeans, and the effects of Roundup weedkiller on non-modified soybeans. It was hypothesized that if Roundup Ready soybeans, non-modified soybeans, and the weeds around them are treated with Roundup weedkiller at different stages in their lives, then Roundup Ready seeds will keep growing even when they are treated with Roundup, and the procedure will be most effective when all plants are treated post-maturely at five centimeters tall. It is effective when the soybeans continue growing, and the weeds die. In this experiment, Roundup Ready soybeans and non-modified soybeans were both planted with weeds. One group was never treated with Roundup, one group was treated prematurely, and one group was treated post-maturely. The results show that the procedure was most effective when the plants were treated post-maturely. When treated at this stage, the Roundup Ready soybeans grew to be 10.2 cm tall, the non-modified soybeans 12 cm, and the weeds 4.5 centimeters. The Roundup Ready soybeans were resistant to Roundup, but their heights decreased when treated. These results supported the hypothesis because the procedure was most effective when the plants were treated post-maturely. The Roundup Ready soybeans responded better to Roundup than the non-modified soybeans, and weeds on average. This information is important because farmers like to use the best type of soybeans and treat them at effective stages.HeidiKrimmer8Aspirin Vs No AspirinBotany159My research question for my science fair project was, "Does Aspirin help plants grow?". My hypothesis was, "If aspirin tablets are dissolved into a plant's water, then the plant will grow faster than a plant with regular water." For my procedure, I planted two radish plants. One of the plants, the "No Aspirin" plant, was watered with just regular tap water. The other plant, which was labeled "Aspirin", was watered with water that had an aspirin table dissolved in it. I watered the plants regularly and took note when the plants' heights changed. In the end the "No Aspirin" plant grew more than the "Aspirin" plant did. On the last day of the experiment, Day 28, the "No Aspirin" plant was two inches in height and the "Aspirin" plant was half an inch in height. I think the "Aspirin" plant did not grow as much as the "No Aspirin" plant because the plants were in a cold room for most of the day. To answer my research question, no, Aspirin does not help plants grow.JohnMountel7How does caffeine affect plants?Botany160In order to understand if caffeine benefits plants or not, one must first understand how caffeine works, how a plant grows, and how caffeine affects a plant. It was hypothesized that if a group of soybeans were planted with caffeine, they would grow faster than those without caffeine. Each plant group was given the same amount of sunlight and water every 2 days. One group was grown with coffee grounds, one was watered with an energy drink, and the last group was grown normally as the control group. The growth of the plants was recorded in centimeters daily. The results of this experiment showed that the plants introduced to coffee grounds grew faster than those without the grounds, but the ones watered with the energy drink died and did not grow at all. These results somewhat supported the original hypothesis that plants would grow faster when introduced to caffeine. This information is important because it lets farmers and gardeners know the most efficient way to grow plants.EliseNyktas8Liquid Coffee's Effect on PlantsBotany162The purpose of my project was to determine the effect of liquid coffee on Lima bean plant growth. My hypothesis was that if I mix coffee grounds and water and give to Lima bean plants every 3-4 days, this will make the plants grow taller than ones watered with tap water every 3-4 days. I did this by first germinating the Lima bean plant seeds. After that I planted them and watered them. Every five days I measured the height of each plant. I put three plants in each pot. I had a total of six pots. Three pots of plants were watered with a coffee water solution and three were watered with tap water. I watered and measured them for a total of three weeks. I determined that my hypothesis was incorrect. The plants watered with water grew a little taller on average. The final averages were 28.7 cm for the coffee watered plants and 30.5 cm for the plants watered with tap water. My results showed that the plants given water only grew a little taller on average. I learned that plants need different acidity levels to grow taller and become more plentiful.AaronSequeiraDhruvRungta8The Effect of Different Light Colors on the Growth of African VioletsBotany163Most plants grow under sunlight. Some plants do grow under artificial light, but it is usually similar to sunlight. We wanted to investigate how different light colors would affect plant growth. Our experiment not only examined the influence of light color on the growth of African Violets, but also their general appearance. Each plant was placed in a separate enclosure and it was continuously exposed to either white, red, green, or blue light for five weeks. We hypothesized that white light would cause the plants to have the highest growth rate; however, our observed data did not support our hypothesis. Our data illustrated that African Violets under blue light had a faster growth rate and many blossoms. Furthermore, the data and observations showed that plants exposed to white light grew at a steady, healthy rate, those under red light blossomed the most, and those under green light had the smallest rate of growth.MayaSivakumaranSarahShirey8The Growth Of Plants In Aquaponics Compared To SoilBotany164The question of our experiment is, do plants grow larger and healthier in an aquaponic environment or a soil environment. Aquaponics is the process of growing plants and cultivating fish together with the same water supply. This creates a natural filtering and nutrient system for the fish and plants. The waste from the fish is used by the plants as nutrients and the water returns clean to the fish. When we conducted our experiment, we used two types of plants in an aquaponic environment and in a soil environment. We put them under the same environmental conditions. These include the same amount of sunlight and temperature. We gave the plants in the soil the same amount of water each day. We also gave the fish the same amount of food each day. When we were conducting our experiment, we observed that throughout time, the aquaponics plants developed into a stronger and larger plants than the ones grown in the soil environment. Also, the aquaponics plants began growing a week before the soil plants sprouted. From these results we conclude that the plants grown using aquaponics grow healthier, more abiding, and stronger than those of which grown in soil.MichaelWalsh7Why Coffee Grounds?Botany165AbstractThe reason I chose my project on coffee grounds was because I have always heard that coffee grounds are helpful to the growth of plants. I wondered if coffee grounds really affect plant growth and if so what amount of coffee grounds works the best? Through research and discovery I created my hypothesis, which is that adding coffee grounds to soil will help the growth of marigold plants. To test this hypothesis I conducted an experiment with nine marigold plants. Three of these plants had no coffee grounds, three had one third cup coffee grounds and two thirds cups soil, and the last three had two thirds cups coffee grounds and only one third cup soil. All three categories were in the same place for five weeks and I watered them with the same amount of water each day. At the end I gathered my results and made my conclusion.AvaWilliams7Dome Vs. Non-DomeBotany166Abstract:ScottShepherdNirajKomatineni9Air Pressure's Effect On Plant GrowthBotany590The purpose of this experiment is to identify minimal changes to the atmosphere needed to grow plants in areas, such as Mars, where the pressure is too low to effectively grow plants. We want to cut costs of gas materials by finding the least air amount of air in which plants can grow. We hypothesized that 14.87 in Hg would be the the most effective option for pressurization. To test the project, we pressurized mason jars to six different vacuum levels, and two controls (Earth pressure); one control with lid and one without. Inside the jars, we placed soil and 3 Wisconsin Fast Plant seeds along with 2 fertilizer pellets per plant. We opened and pressurized the jars once each day to water the plants, measure the height and take photographs. The data showed that the less air pressure in the environment, the less the plant grew. When the pressure reached 24.79 in Hg, the plants stopped growing effectively with an average height of 4.2 cm compared to the average 9.6 cm of the control with lid. Plants in the 27.27 in Hg and 29.74 in Hg pressures did not grow at all. To conclude, the air pressure of 22.31 in Hg was the most effective air pressure in which the plants can grow with minimal air in the system. The plants in this atmosphere grew to 68.75% of the control with lid's height with only 25.43% air of the control.HariMurali5Studying the Effect of Yogurt on the Growth of Soybean PlantBotany591When artificial fertilizers are applied to plants, the plants consume only around 30% to grow. The leftover fertilizer and chemicals wash away and pollute the soil. As this process continues, the ecosystem is affected and animals lose their habitat. To improve this situation, natural nutrients may be used for plants to sprout nicely and have a positive effect on the ecosystem. The hypothesis of this project is that if yogurt is added to the soil, then it will improve the growth of the soybean plant. The experimental procedure involves growing 3 groups of soybean plants (six in each group) under different conditions and measuring their heights on the 10th, 20th and 30th days after planting. The Control group (C) was given 15 milliliters of plain water at an interval of every three days. The first experimental group (Y1) was given a mixture of one milliliter of yogurt and 14 milliliters of water at an interval of every three days. The second experimental group (Y2) was given a one time addition of 10 milliliters of yogurt at the time of seeding and 15 milliliters of plain water at an interval of every three days. The experimental results showed that yogurt-fed soybean plants had higher growth compared to the control set, thus supporting the hypothesis. The results reveal that natural fertilizers have the potential to improve plant growth in an eco-friendly way.AdrienneBaumannKateRothfussAllyBee6Gas Making BeveragesChemistry194AbstractThe purpose of this experiment is to see which beverage produces the most gas. We took four different beverages. We then took two teaspoons of white vinegar and poured it into the empty water bottle along with the beverages. Next we placed a balloon on each individual water bottle. Than we placed the bottles into a pot of water at 275 degrees. Then measured the circumference in 5 minute time intervals. In the time intervals we recorded observations and data throughout the experiment. After looking at the data we concluded that Coca Cola produced the most gas/carbonation.LibbyBaker6Does Density Affect Evaporation?Chemistry195The purpose of my science experiment is to see if density affects a liquid's evaporation rate. The question of the experiment is 'does a liquid's density affect its evaporation?' My hypothesis is that if I set each liquid in the sun inside my house for five days, then the liquids will evaporate in the order of rubbing alcohol, nail polish remover, Sprite, orange juice, then water because if the liquid's mass is low then it will evaporate first. The procedure of my experiment was to put 100 mL of each liquid in separate beakers, set them in the sun for five days, record the data each night and compare the results on a graph. My results were the water evaporated the least, Sprite was second to least, orange juice was middle, rubbing alcohol was the second most and the nail polish remover was the most evaporated. My hypothesis was not supported because the liquids evaporated in a different order than I predicted.HunterBegehr7Making Maple Syrup Candy: How Does Temperature Affect It?Chemistry196The purpose of this experiment was to understand when maple syrup is heated to different temperatures how it affects its color, taste, surface texture and hardness. The problem investigated was how heating maple syrup to different temperatures relates to making maple syrup candy. The hypothesis was that when maple syrup is heated to different temperatures the surface texture, hardness, taste and color of the substance would change. Twenty trials were run, collecting three samples of syrup into molds at each of three target temperatures (temperature I: 110-113C, temperature II: 118-121C and temperature III: 149-152C) for 60 total samples. Each sample was photographed and then using a digital color meter tool and a color name and hue tool the sample's numeric hue, saturation, brightness and related color name was determined. When the samples cooled, they were taken out of the molds and the taste, surface texture, and hardness of each sample was observed. Once the trials were complete the results were compared at each targeted temperature. The result of this experiment was that when maple syrup is heated to increasingly higher temperatures the substance becomes darker, harder, smoother and with a more distinct caramel/coffee taste. This is important because heating the syrup changes its chemical makeup, which contributes to the kinds of candies that can be created.EmilyBerlin6Do all liquids evaporate at the same rate?Chemistry197The purpose of my experiment is to see if all liquid evaporate at the same rate. My experimental method is you put your liquids in different beakers and track the amounts of liquid that has been evaporated over a full week. I found out that all liquids do not evaporate at the same rate. I also found out that the nail polish remover evaporates the fastest.IsabelBishop8What Increases the Rate that Fruit Ripens?Chemistry198The purpose of this experiment is to determine what accelerates the rate of ripening in bananas. The hypothesis was that bananas in a closed container would ripen faster than bananas sitting out at room temperature, and the sugar content would increase in the bananas as they ripened. The experiment consisted of two trials, the first with five bananas sitting out a room temperature, the second with five bananas in a closed bag. On the first day of the experiment, one banana from each trial was tested. A 3-inch piece of each of the bananas was cut off. The pieces were mashed and put in a piece of cheesecloth. The banana juice was squeezed onto the lens of a refractometer, a device that measures the sugar content of fruit. A reading from the dissolved sugar in the bananas was obtained by looking through the eyepiece, which increased as the bananas ripened. The condition and sugar content of the bananas were recorded in a notebook. These procedures were conducted on days 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8. The sugar content increased in both trials as the bananas ripened. In the first trial, it increased form 19 g to 24 g. The first trial's average sugar content was 22.4 g of sugar. In the second trial, the sugar content increased from 20 g to 23 g. The second trial's average was 21.4 g. The hypothesis was partially correct. The sugar content increased, but the trial with bananas sitting in room temperature ripened faster.AbigailBlack6How Do Different Beverages Affect Calcium Carbonate?Chemistry199My project was designed to discover what beverages would erode eggshells the fastest. I wanted to learn how average drinks erode your teeth enamel on a daily basis, and I used eggshells because both have calcium. My hypothesis was that the beverages with the most acidity would erode the eggshells the fastest.To test my hypothesis, I first filled six cups with a different liquid in each cup, either water, coffee, orange juice, Coke, 7UP or Gatorade. Then, I cracked three eggs and emptied out each egg. Next, I dropped half an eggshell into each cup and covered them in plastic wrap. Every day I took the eggshells out of the cups and marked down observations I made.I found out that all of the eggshells, after sitting in the beverages, were still smooth except for the Gatorade and orange juice soaked eggshells. That data is the most significant because the Gatorade and orange juice have high acidity levels, and they turned the eggshells a powdery consistency, and that caused the eggshell to fall apart. That lets me see how those beverages would affect average teeth enamel. This doesn't change anything because I anticipated that the drinks with the most acidity would erode the eggshells the fastest, and that is what happened. This experiment confirmed my hypothesis, and I now know that drinks with high acidity levels will erode your teeth enamel on a daily basis.MaliahBricking8Building a Raft Powered by Surface TensionChemistry200Surface tension is the force causing the molecules on the surface of a liquid to be pushed together and form a layer. This experiment analyzed the effect of different liquids on the surface tension of water. In order to test this, a raft was constructed out of a sponge, transparency, and a toothpick. The raft was set to float in a basin filled halfway with tap water. Nine liquids were added to the sponge at the end of the raft with a dropper. As the liquids were absorbed by the sponge and reached the water, the change in surface tension of the water caused the raft to move. The hypothesis for the experiment performed is dish soap will cause the raft to go the fastest and travel the farthest distance by reducing surface tension the most. It was further hypothesized the toothpaste would cause the raft to go the slowest and travel the shortest distance because it would not be absorbed easily by the sponge and affect the surface tension of the water. The experiment partially supported the hypothesis. The dish soap caused the raft to move the farthest average distance at 24 cm, which is the maximum distance that could be traveled. The raft with dish soap also achieved the fastest average time, 6.35 cm/s. The slowest time and shortest distance traveled was achieved by the raft with Coca-Cola (R), not the raft with toothpaste as the hypothesis suggested. The Coca-Cola (R) raft did not move during either test.Al