Unusual features in Šóka Romani(associative and ostensives)
Viktor ElšíkCharles University
Project Linguistic research on Šóka Romani, 2000-2002supported by
OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE, Budapest
Austria
Czechia
Ukr
aine
Poland
Hungary
SCSC
NCNC
Šóka Romani
RR
R
R
R
R
R
VV
V
V
V
V
SlovakHungarian
Associative
Hungarian
kőműves ‘bricklayer’kőműves-ek ‘bricklayers’kőműves-ék ‘bricklayer & his work team’
Alena ‘Alena’Alená-k ‘Alenas’Alena-ék ‘Alena & her family/friends’
Associative
Hungariankőműves ‘bricklayer’kőműves-ek ‘bricklayers’kőműves-ék ‘bricklayer & his work team’
Šóka Romanikémívėš-i ‘bricklayer’kémívėšš-ė ‘bricklayers’kémívėš-ingere ‘bricklayer & his work team’
Associative
HungarianAlena ‘Alena’Alená-k ‘Alenas’Alena-ék ‘Alena and her family/friends’
Šóka RomaniAlen-a ‘Alena’Alen-i ‘Alenas’Alen-angere ‘Alena and her family/friends’
Associative v. genitive (form)
ASS kémívėš-in-ger-e
GEN.SGNOM.PL kémívėš-is-ker-e
GEN.PLNOM.PL kémívėš-en-ger-e
Associative v. genitive (form)
ASS Alen-an-ger-e
GEN.SGNOM.PL Alen-a-ker-e
GEN.PLNOM.PL Alen-en-ger-e
Associative marking
OBL.SG OBL.PL ASS Kálo M -es- -en- -en- Grófo M -os- -en-/-on- -on- Gumi M -is- -en- -in- Rička M -as- -en- -an- Káli F -a- -en- -an- Čuma F -a- -en- -an- Néni F -i- -en- -in-
Associative marking
OBL.SG OBL.PL ASS Kálo M -e s- -e n- -e n- Grófo M -o s- -e/o n- -o n- Gumi M -i s- -e n- -i n- Rička M -a s- -e n- -a n- Káli F -a – -e n- -a n- Čuma F -a – -e n- -a n- Néni F -i – -e n- -i n-
OBL.SG.M
Associative marking
OBL.SG OBL.PL ASS Kálo M -e s- -e n- -e n- Grófo M -o s- -e/o n- -o n- Gumi M -i s- -e n- -i n- Rička M -a s- -e n- -a n- Káli F -a – -e n- -a n- Čuma F -a – -e n- -a n- Néni F -i – -e n- -i n-
OBL.PL
Associative marking
OBL.SG OBL.PL ASS Kálo M -e s- -e n- -e n- Grófo M -o s- -e/o n- -o n- Gumi M -i s- -e n- -i n- Rička M -a s- -e n- -a n- Káli F -a – -e n- -a n- Čuma F -a – -e n- -a n- Néni F -i – -e n- -i n-
SG class
Associative marking
OBL.SG OBL.PL ASS Kálo M -e s- -e n- -e n- Grófo M -o s- -e/o n- -o n- Gumi M -i s- -e n- -i n- Rička M -a s- -e n- -a n- Káli F -a – -e n- -a n- Čuma F -a – -e n- -a n- Néni F -i – -e n- -i n-
PL class
Associative marking
OBL.SG OBL.PL ASS Kálo M -e s- -e n- -e n- Grófo M -o s- -e/o n- -o n- Gumi M -i s- -e n- -i n- Rička M -a s- -e n- -a n- Káli F -a – -e n- -a n- Čuma F -a – -e n- -a n- Néni F -i – -e n- -i n-
Associative marking
Alen- -a- SG
Alen- -a- -n- ASS
Alen- -e- -n- PL
focus on a single referent
plural reference
Associative inflection
NOM kémívėš-i-n-ger-e
VOC kémívėš-i-n-ger-alen
ACC kémívėš-i-n-ger-en
DAT kémívėš-i-n-ger-en-ge
LOC kémívėš-i-n-ger-en-de
ABL kémívėš-i-n-ger-en-dar
SOC kémívėš-i-n-ger-en-ca
GEN kémívėš-i-n-ger-en-ger-o/i/e
Associative v. genitive
ASS Alenangere ‘Alena and her family’reference includes Alena
GEN Alenakerehead use, e.g. ‘Alena’s family’reference excludes Alena
Picture of the former Šóka péró
Adajbešasahi
áke.‘We used tolive here.’
And adá kher áke.
‘In thishouse.’
Ostensives v. deictics
GESTURE NO GESTURE
deictic yes yes
ostensive yes no
deictics need not be accompanied by gestures
ostensives must be accompanied by gestures
Demonstratives and local deictics
DEM STATIVE DIRECTIVE SEPARATIVE
a-d-á a-d-a-j a-nďa á-thar
o-d-á o-d-o-j o-nďa ó-thar
a-k-á á-k-a-j a-k-ija a-k-a-thar
o-k-á o-k-o-j o-k-ija o-k-o-thar
am-o-k-á am-o-k-o-j am-o-k-ija am-o-k-o-thar
local ostensives
á-k-eó-k-e
Ostensives áke/óke
adaj bešasahi áke‘we used to live here ’
and adá kher áke‘in this house’
Grammaticalisation
adaj bešasahi áke‘we used to live here ’
and adá kher áke‘in this house’
Grammaticalisation
adaj bešasahi áke ák-adaj bešasahi‘we used to live here ’
and adá kher áke and ák-adá kher‘in this house’
Demonstratives
adá adá ... áke ák-adá
aká aká ... áke ák-aká
odá odá ... óke ók-odá
oká oká ... óke ók-oká
amoká amoká ... óke ók-amoká
Mr. Lakatoš caught a fish
Kibedor sa i čuka?‘How big was the pike?’
Assi dugi-je!‘This long!’
The kontráši and the prímáši
Jaj, de šukáre bašavel o Ďusi!‘Wow, Ďusi plays so nicely!’
Avka le site keres-e, Deži!‘This is how you have to do it, Deži!’
Ostensive -(j)e
assi dugi-je‘this long’
avka le site keres-e‘this is how you have to do it’
‘you have to do it like this ’
Non-local deictics
quality a-sso ‘such’ak-a-savo
manner avka ‘so’
quantity a-ťťi ‘so much’
size e-bedor ‘so big’
savo
sar
ki-ťťi
ki-bedor
Ostensive -(j)e
tu na kames ebedora sobi-je?tu ebedora sobi na kames-e?
‘you don’t like this big rooms?’
utterance-finalphonologically-conditioned allomorphyenclitic, not suffix: *kameh-e
Ostensives v. deictics
DEICTIC OSTENSIVE GESTURE
localáke/óke pointing
demonstrative
quality
-(j)epointingmeasure
performative
manner
quantity
size
The unusual features
associativeIs it found in other dialects influenced by Hungarian? In other dialects?
ostensive particlesLikely to be found in other dialects!
