UPCOMING SIMPKINS & SIMPKINS WORKSHOPS:Yoga & Mindfulness Meditation: Clinical Applications for Mind-Brain Change in Anxiety and Depression Seminar FOUR POINTS HOTEL BY SHERATON SAN DIEGO, 8110 AERO DRIVE, SAN DIEGO, CA 92123 Thursday, February 02, 2012 at 8:00 AM - 4:00 PM https://www.pesi.com/search/detail/index.asp?eventid=10760HILTON GARDEN INN CARLSBAD BEACH, 6450 CARLSBAD BLVD, Carlsbad, CA 92011 Friday, February 03, 2012 at 8:00 AM - 4:00 PMhttp://www.pesi.com/search/detail/index.asp?eventid=10761

This seminar will give you a tour of the brain, the latest clinically relevant research on yoga treatments, and the latest neuroscience findings on how yoga changes the brain, mind and body. You will gain immediately usable tools to integrate directly into your practice. Join leading yoga experts, authors, and clinicians C. Alexander Simpkins, Ph.D., and Annellen Simpkins, Ph.D and take home new interventions that reduce client anxiety, depression, addiction, and impulse control disorders. Learn new mindful techniques of awareness and sensitive mind-body attunement to keep your clients in the present moment and help them recover their natural balance.

Recommended Reading: Simpkins & Simpkins, Meditation and Yoga in Psychotherapy and The Dao of Neuroscience

A Brief History of Drugs

An overview of drug policy and usein the United States from the

mid-1800s to the present

Early 1900s (cont.)

• Marijuana Scare (1930-1937)– Marijuana Tax Act (1937)

• Introduced by Anslinger

• Applied to cannabis, hemp, and marijuana

– Dr. James C. Munch, US Official Expert on Marihuana from 1938-1962

• Drug use lowers during WWII (1939-1945)

Like Night and Day: 50s & 60s• Punitive approach in 1950s

– Boggs Amendment (1951)• Mandatory minimum sentencing

– Narcotics Control Act (1956)• Death sentence for heroin sales

• Medical approach in 1960s– Methadone maintenance (heroin)

– Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act

(1966)• Voluntary and mandatory treatment

Problems with Methadone Maintenance Clinics

• Cultural – Does not end addiction – makes it more

socially acceptable• Contrary to American attitude that

addiction should be stopped, not catered to

• Legal – Nationwide system difficult to regulate

• Diversion of supplies to nonaddicts a problem

• Economic – Operators make huge profits

• Creates a conflict of interest

• Scientific – Lack of a scientific basis for maintenance

Drug Control in a Period of Rising Use(1962-1980)

• White House Conference on Narcotics and Drug Abuse– Value in medical

treatments– Alternatives to prison

sentencing • Rise in LSD and Marijuana

Use• Merging of counterculture

and drug culture– Marijuana as symbol

1970s • Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act (1970)

– Drug scheduling

• Nixon declares “War on Drugs” (1971)– DEA (1973): Law enforcement

• Nixon increases education– NIDA (1974): Drug research

• Ford rejects White Paper on Drug Abuse (1975)

• Carter advocates marijuana decriminalization (1977)

• Drugs use peaks (1979)

1980s: (2nd) War on Drugs• Crack cocaine and AIDS epidemic (mid

80s)

• Expanded mandatory minimums (1984)

• Reagan renews “War on Drugs” (1986)– Nancy Reagan – Just Say No campaign

• 1988 Anti-Drug Abuse Act – Office of National Drug Control Policy

created (1988): Drug Czar• established the creation of a drug-free

America as a policy

• U.S. military involvement (1989)

1990s• Juvenile drug arrests soar (mid 90s)

• Supreme Court allows student athlete drug testing (1995)

• Voters in CA and AZ approve medical marijuana (1996): Prop 215

• Clinton launches $350 million anti-drug advertising campaign (1997)

– The return of the egg

2000s: May you live in interesting times...

• Plan Colombia (2000): $1.3B

• Proposition 36 passes in CA (2000)– Allows substance abuse treatment

instead of incarceration

• Taliban given $43 million – some of it to fight drugs (2001)

• Superbowl ads link drugs with terrorism (2002)

• Supreme Court expands student drug testing to any extracurricular activity (2002)

Drug Scheduling(http://www.usdoj.ov/dea/pubs/scheduling.html)

• Schedule I– high potential for abuse– no currently accepted medical use in treatment in U. S.– lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision.– examples: Gamma hydroxy butyrate (GHB), heroin, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD),

marijuana, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA/Ecstasy).

• Schedule II– high potential for abuse.– currently accepted medical use in treatment in U. S. – abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.– examples: cocaine, methadone, methamphetamine, morphine, phencyclidine (PCP).

• Schedule III– potential for abuse less than Schedules I and II. – currently accepted medical use in treatment in U.S. – abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence. – examples: anabolic steroids, codeine, ketamine, Marinol, some barbiturates

Drug Scheduling (cont.)• Schedule IV

– low potential for abuse relative to Schedule III.

– currently accepted medical use in treatment in U.S.

– abuse may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to Schedule III.

– examples: fenfluramine, Halcion, Meridia, Rohypnol, Valium.

• Schedule V– as Schedule IV but less dangerous

– examples: buprenorphine, over-the-counter cough medicines with codeine.

Alcohol and nicotine are not scheduled drugs.

Neither is salvia divinorum.

Scheduling Process• Proceedings may be initiated by

– Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)– Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)– Any interested party (drug manufacturer, medical society, public interest

group, individual citizen)• Criteria

– potential for abuse– currently accepted medical use in the US – international treaties.

• DEA (legal) HHS (scientific/medical) FDANIDApublicDEA• Exceptions to process

– International treaties– "to avoid an imminent hazard to the public safety"