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Update on Hg CEMSUpdate on Hg CEMS
Jeffrey V. [email protected]
(919) 541-1437
U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of Research and Development
Air Pollution Prevention and Control DivisionResearch Triangle Park, NC 27711, U.S.A.
OAQPS Measurement Technology Workshop 2010December 6, 2010
They’re here to stay …
Overview
• Regulatory Update• Hg CEMS• Sorbent trap monitoring• Hg Emissions monitoring performance and related issues• NIST Traceability • Take home messages …• Questions
Regulatory Update
• EPA Part 60 compliance monitoring procedures promulgated as part of Portland Cement MACT amendments(75 FR 54970 9/9/2010) PS12A
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/perfspec/ps-12A.pdf Appendix F Procedure 5 (Hg CEMS continued QA/QC)
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/perfspec/AppFProc5.pdf PS12B (Sorbent traps initial certification and continued QA/QC)
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/perfspec/ps-12B.pdf
• Hg CEMS and sorbent trap monitoring procedures now formally exist
Monitoring Requirements
• PS12A: Hg CEMS - Performance specifications for initial certification Measurement Error Test (linearity) with Hg0 and HgCl2 7-Day Calibration Drift Test with zero and mid-level Hg0
Relative Accuracy Test
• Appendix F Procedure 5: Continued QC/QA requirements Daily Calibration Drift Assessment Weekly System Integrity Check Data Accuracy Assessment
• Relative Accuracy Test Audit• Quarterly Gas Audit• Relative Accuracy Audit (alternative)
• PS12B: Sorbent Traps – Performance specifications for initial certification and continued QC/QA requirements
Tekran
• 50 lpm sample extraction• Inertial filter• Dilution-based• Thermal-catalytic converter
located in the rack• Pre-concentration CVAFS• 0.001 ug/wm3 resolution• 150 second cycle time• Fully automated
Thermo-Scientific
• 50 lpm sample extraction• Inertial filter• Dilution-based• Thermal converter located in the
probe• Real-time CVAFS• 0.01 ug/wm3 resolution• Fully automated
CEMTREX
• 10 lpm sample extraction• Standard filter• Dilution-based• Thermal converter located in
the probe• Pre-concentration CVAAS• 0.01 ug/wm3 resolution• 180–360 second cycle time• Fully automated
Hg CEMS: Where we’re at …
• ~600 sold to utilities At least half installed/certified
(see NESCAUM Report for breakdown)http://www.nescaum.org/documents/hg-control-and-measurement-techs-at-us-pps_201007.pdf
How many implementing NIST traceability program?
• Trend towards low level measurements (< 1µg/m3) • Hg CEMS now considered for other source categories
Sorbent Trap Hg Emission Monitoring Systems
• Multiple providers and systems Manual and automated
• >200 sold to utilities Many installed/certified Many as “backups” to Hg CEMS
• Suitable for low and high level Hg measurements
• More vulnerable to data loss(due to length of monitoring)
Hg CEMS Emission Monitoring Issues …
• Reliability• Low Hg concentrations• Other source categories
Measurement environment Dynamic range of emissions
• Status of NIST traceability• Range of available Hg
calibration gas concentrations
Percent Monitor Availability for HgCEMSFull Year Results 2009
PMA (%) for Ten HgCEMSMidwest UtilityAVG PMA = 91.64
Jan 1, 2009 - Dec. 31, 2009
85
90
95
100
B1 C1 C2 D3 D4 S5 K2 L4 S1 OS
Site Designation
Per
cent
Mon
itor
A
vaila
bilit
y
PMA (%)
Source: Tekran
Low Level Hg Accuracy Check With M&C Probe - Wet Stack
0.173 0.154
0.562
1.024
0.453
1.059
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
Run #1 Run #2 Run #3
Run Number
HgT
(ug/
m3)
Sorbent Traps (HgT)
Tekran HgT
Source: Tekran
Power Plant - Hg CEMS RATA Results Low-Level Emissions Tests
Cement Plant - Hg CEMS RATA Results Low-Level Emissions Tests
RATA TEST RESULTS MW CEMENT PLANTLow-Level Emissions Example
-1.000
-0.500
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
1 2 3 4 5
Run Number
Hg
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n -
ug
/m3
REF METH
TEK CEM
DIFF
Source: Tekran
Cement Plant - Hg CEMS RATA Results Low-Level Emissions Tests
RATA TEST RESULTS PLANT BHigher Level Emissions Example
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
6 7 8 9
Run Number
Hg
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
ug
/m3
)
REF METH
TEK CEM
DIFF
Source: Tekran
(a)
(b) Source: NESCAUM 2010
Hg Emissions DataHg CEMS vs. Sorbent Traps
• See what you’re missing … Process characterization Data variability
NIST Traceability
• Certified “NIST Traceable” gas standards are needed to support regulatory applications
• EPA defines NIST Traceability• Where possible, the certified concentration is derived from
an unbroken chain of direct comparisons linked to a primary reference originating from NIST
• With collaboration from the utility industry, Hg CEM vendors and NIST, EPA has developed Interim Protocols to establish certification and continuing QA procedures for Hg0 and HgCl2 gas standards
How NIST Traceability Works
NIST ID -ICP Mass Spec
NIST Prime gas generator
Vendor 1 Prime gas generator
Vendor 2 Prime gas generator
User F gas generator
User C gas generator
User A gas generator User D gas
generator
Vendor 1 Field
Reference gas generator
Vendor 2 Field
Reference gas generator
NIST
User B gas generator
User E gas generator
Hg Calibration Gases
• NIST-traceable Hg0 and Hg+2 calibration gases now available• Hg0 and Hg+2 Interim Protocols used to establish traceability
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/metals/ElemHgProtocol.pdf
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/metals/OxHgProtocol.pdf • Final NIST traceability protocols expected in the next 12-18
months• Nominal NIST-traceable Hg0 concentrations of 0.5 µg/m3 to
300 µg/m3 now available(NIST recently extended upper end from 45 µg/m3)
• Fundamental bias (7-10%) exists between Hg0 and evaporative Hg+2 standards Reason unknown (but we’re still working on it) Does not limit NIST traceability or regulatory use of Hg CEMs
Take Home Messages …
• Hg CEMS are indeed ready for “prime time”• Now being used on multiple source categories
Cement plants, HWIs, steel plants, power plants
• Promulgated monitoring procedures for Hg CEMS and sorbent traps now available
• NIST traceability available and functional for Hg0 and Hg+2 calibration gases
• NIST traceable Hg0 gases available from ~0.5 µg/m3 to 300 µg/m3
• Don’t underestimate the benefit of using Hg CEMS for process characterization.