Date post: | 19-Jun-2015 |
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Tatsuya M. Ikeda, W. John Rogers, Gerard Branlard,
Roberto J. Peña, Silvia E. Lerner, Adriana Arrigoni,
Wujun Ma, Rudi Appels, Odean Lukow, William
Hurkman, Marie Appelbee, Mike Sissons, Jose M.
Carrillo and Zhonghu He
11th
IGW
1National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hiroshima, Japan.
Tatsuya M. Ikeda1, W. John Rogers2, Gerard Branlard3, Roberto J.
Peña4, Silvia E. Lerner5, Adriana Arrigoni5, Wujun Ma6, Rudi Appels6,
Odean Lukow7, William Hurkman8, Marie Appelbee9, Mike Sissons10,
Jose M. Carrillo11 and Zhonghu He12
2CIISAS, CICPBA-BIOLAB AZUL, Facultad de Agronomía, Azul, UNCPBA,
Argentina. CONICET INBA -CEBB-MdP. 3INRA Station d'Amelioration des Plantes, Clermont- Ferrand, France.
4CIMMYT Mexico. 5CRESCAA, Facultad de Agronomía, Azul, UNCPBA, Argentina.
6Western Australia Department of Agriculture and Food, State Agriculture
Biotechnology Center, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia. 7Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Cereal Research Centre, Winnipeg,
Canada. 8USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center,
Albany, USA. 9 South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide and
LongReach Plant Breeders, Lonsdale, Australia. 10Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, NSW, Australia.
11Unidad de Genética, ETSIA, Madrid, Spain. 12Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement
Center/The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic
Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, and CIMMYT, China Office,
Beijing, China.
But technical difficulties
in allelic identification due
to the complexity of the
protein profile produced
by each cultivar and the
use of different
nomenclature systems in
different laboratories has
historically interfered with
information exchange
between research groups
The current
contribution
summarises
progress made by
this group and seeks
to comment on
remaining challenges
Plus aims to place the findings in the
context of the Wheat Gene Catalogue...
In the current wheat gene
catalogue (McIntosh et
al., 2008 and annual
supplements), how many
alleles are there at each
of the three Glu-3 loci?
0,00 0,24 0,48 0,72 0,96
ACA 201B. Aguará
B. ChacareroB. Pingo
Las Rosas INTAACA 302
ACA 304B. Mejorpan
B. PonchoBio 2001
Bio 3001B. Norteño
ACA 303ACA 315
ACA 601ACA 301
B. RanquelCoop. Nahuel
PI CauquenB. Napostá
B. GuatimozinB. Malevo
Coop. LiquénCoop. Nanihue
B. ArrayánB. Farol
B. CharrúaB. Panadero
Baguette 21ACA 223
B. OmbúB. Puelche
Bio 1001K. Escorpión
K. ZorroPI Oasis
Bio 1002ACA 801
ZorzalCronox
OnixSirirí
PI EliteBio 3004
K. DragonK. Gavilán
PI Don UmbertoPI Federal
PI MileniumT. Nevado
PI GranarPI Real
K. CaciqueINIA Condor
INIA Pus 14K. Martillo
T. ChapelcoBio 1000
K. Don EnriqueINIA Tijetera
Agrovic 2000B. Baqueano
B. ChambergoK. Guerrero
PI GauchoBio 2000
K. CastorK. Tauro
PI ImperialACA 901
B. ManantialK. Capricornio
K. ChajáK. Flecha
B. ArrieroBio 2002
GreinaK. Estrella
B. HalcónB. Raudal
K. ProteoBio 1003
CentinelaB. Pronto
K. JabalíB. Sureño
K. DelfinB. 75 Aniversario
B. PatacónB. Yatasto
Bio 3000Bio 3002
Pampa INTAPI Redomón
B. GuapoK. Sagitario
PI HuenpanPI Molinero
B. MatacoPI Amanecer
PI AlazánB. Bigua
PI Cinco cerrosPI Colibrí
Bio 3003K. Escudo
Baguette 13K. Volcan
INIA ChurrinchePI Puntal
B. BrasilBaguette 20
K. ChamacoBaguette 10
Baguette 11B. Guaraní
LonaPI Isla Verde
Baguette 12
Enough to allow
Lerner et al. (2009
Journal of Cereal
Science 49: 337–345)
to use them, along
with variation in the
HMW-GSs, to find 93
allelic combinations in
119 Argentinean
cultivars...
“The main ambiguities from these different classification
systems
can be summarized as follows: 1) at the Glu-A3 locus, both Glu-A3a and Glu-A3c were
reported for the same cultivar, and similarly, Glu-A3a,
Glu-A3b, Glu-A3c, Glu-A3d were reported to be identical
to Glu-A3e; 2) at the Glu-B3 locus, results differed for Glu-B3b and
Glu-B3g, and for Glu-B3f and Glu-B3g in the same
cultivars; 3) at the Glu-D3 locus, there was ambiguity between
Glu-D3a and Glu-D3c, and between Glu-D3a and Glu-
D3b in the same cultivars. As a consequence of these
problems, reports of correlations between certain allelic
forms of LMW-GS and quality parameters in common
wheat have often been contradictory .
In Australian cultivars (Gupta and Shepherd 1988; Gupta
et al. 1989b, 1990a and b, 1991, 1994; Metakovsky,
1990), for Rmax (Maximum dough resistance), the Glu-A3
alleles ranked b>d>e>c, the Glu-B3 alleles ranked
i>b=a>e=f=g=h>c and the Glu-D3 alleles ranked:
e>b>a>c>d. The allele b of both Glu-A3 and Glu-D3
seemed to be associated with more extensible wheats.
Cornish et al. (1993) found that the Glu-3 allelic pattern bbb
(at Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3, respectively) gave the best
extensibility, especially when combined with the Glu-1 pattern
bba (at Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1, respectively). Glu-3 bbc
also had excellent extensibility. They also concluded that Glu-
A3e was detrimental to extensibility by virtue of being null and
that Glu-B3 c,d and g had medium to weak dough properties.
They suggested that the best combinations for Glu-3 are bbb,
bbc and cbc.
In durum wheat, allele Glu-B3s (formerly Glu-B3b) encoding
subunits 8+9+13+16 and allele Glu-A3k (formerly Glu-A3b)
encoding subunit 5 are associated with poor quality
Branlard et al. (2001) also compared allelic effects on
quality parameters, finding that, for dough strength, the
rankings were as follows: at Glu-A3: a=d=f≥e, at Glu-B3:
b’≥d=c=c’=b=g>i>f≥j and at Glu-D3: a≥b=d=c. For
extensibility at Glu-A3: d=a=f≥e, at Glu-B3:
i≥b’≥c=c’=g>b=f=d>j, while, at Glu-D3, no significant
differences were found. Luo et al. (2001) found that, in New Zealand cultivars: (i) the Glu-
A3 alleles ranked: d>c=e, coinciding with Gupta et al (1990a) for
Rmax; (ii) the Glu-B3 alleles ranked: b>g, which coincides both
with Gupta (1990a) and Cornish (1993); and (iii) the Glu-D3
alleles ranked: b>a.
It can be seen that not all the published allelic rankings
are consistent, implying considerable further work is
needed to be able to clarify the situation...
In this collection of
cultivars, Glu-A3a, Glu-A3b,
Glu-A3c and Glu-A3f could
be readily distinguished
Difficult to distinguish Glu-
A3e (null) and Glu-A3f . Both
tended to be identified as
null.
AndGlu-A3d and Glu-A3g could only be distinguished by the gliadin encoded by Gli-A1o linked to
Glu-A3d
Glu-B3d, Glu-B3h and Glu-B3i each
carried slow bands not always
easy to distinguish
Glu-B3b almost coincided with
Glu-B3a, but Glu-B3b band
was usually lighter and
thinner
Glu-B3f could not be readily distinguished from Glu-B3g
Alleles
classified as
Glu-B3b, Glu-
B3g and Glu-
B3i were often
identified as
Glu-B3ab, Glu-
B3ac and Glu-
B3ad by 2DE
Again the
gliadins
can help
Bands can be faintly stained and not
always easy to distinguish, although
technical improvements have
often allowed discrimination of, for
example, Glu-D3a, Glu-D3b and Glu-D3d .
Recourse to 2DE, MALDI-
TOF or PCR is often required
For example, Glu-A3d and Glu-A3g (used gliadins in
1D) could be distinguished from each other by 2DE
Glu-B3a and Glu-B3b, difficult in 1D, can be distinguished in
2DE
Glu-D3c and Glu-D3l, could
be distinguished in 2DE
Nonetheless, there are alleles were not readily distinguished by this
method
Cause difficulties in
1D SDS-PAGE, but
can be distinguished
here.
Cause difficulties in
1D SDS-PAGE, but
can be distinguished
here.
Cause difficulties in
1D SDS-PAGE, but
can be distinguished
here.
Control: 8-hour day 20°C, 16-hour
night 16°C
Treatment: Starting 16 days after
anthesis, 8-hour day 35°C, 16-hour
day 20°C for three days
Stress In isogenic
lines for
LMW-GSs
subjected to
heat stress,
the allele
Glu-B3h
showed a
reduction of
14% in the
relative
quantity of
protein
detected in
SDS-PAGE
Control
In relative
terms only a
handful of
alleles have
been
assessed for
quality...
... and
therefore only
a true
collaboration
between
many groups
will provide
sufficient
resources to
allow all
allelic
variants to be
evaluated...
Questio
n:
Total Glu-
A3 50
Total Glu-
B3 30
Total Glu-
D3 13 Grand Total Glu-3
93
This is in preparation for
the production of the full
catalogue for publication
in the Proceedings of the
International Wheat
Genetics Symposium,
Yokohama, 2013