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UPGRADING SVALBARD!
ADDRESSING GLOBAL WARMING AND PER-MAFROST THAW AS OPPORTUNITIES
ANNISA SOLIHAH SONTANI
longyearbyen
barents sea
beautiful series of mountain contain mineral resources. create unique landscape in vulnerable circumpolar arctic.
coal!!
...the mining industry has created society
the industry developed. the land were being more exploited. in the other hand, it contribute some revenue for nation.
we need coal from svalbard!
Sir, we’re now so popular in europe..
soon, world!thanks svalbard..
in mainland...
cool..!
Let’s have another exploitation
svalbard already so lavish. its coal
production way behind USA, the biggest one.
meanwhile, many people opposed coal mining regarding to the waste..
I am fly ash
...CO2 from coal mining process trigger global warming
in the same time, restricted areas are established as a way to taking care of environment..
clean air
clean waterclose down
mining industry!
no need to close down mining industry, yet.
...they can still walk together
damaging landscape
opportunity for researher
his habitat
tourism..
Speculating Svalbardas a necessity of preserving coal mining industry
previous episode
projected temperature increases by 2090
+ 12 °C
+ 10 °C
+ 5 °C
+ 1 °C
we are undoubtly facing the climate change. The temperature of the earth is increasing, resulting ice melt in high latitude
future sea ice in september
observed sea ice
obviously, carbon fuel utilizing contribute global warming
CH4, a.k.a methane is more potent than CO2
methane can be found in the form of organic compound under the earth
it ‘s not dangerous as long as it kept frozen by the frozen ground as we call it permafrost
but..
permafrost classification and distribu-tion
..in fact
permafrost should has temperature not exceeding 0°C, for at
least 2 years
continuos (47%)
discontinuos (19%)
sporadic (17%)
isolated (17%)
unfrozen soil and rock
lake
Global warming gives many impacts for many aspects, espe-cially for the environment. The warmer temperature of the earth can trigger ice melting on the surface, particularly in circumpolar area
CONTINUED..
CO2CH4
Permafrost thaw
Temperature
permafrost remain
an ironic potrayal of permafrost thaw in the future, which somehow accelerate global warming regarding CO2 and CH4 released from permafrost
then, what will happen to the landscape?
an evil circle; the more it
was, the more it is, the more
it’s going
structtural damage of the building
ë”explosive” ground from methane released
excessive irrigation on poorly drainage soil
infrastructure damage
hole in ground increase risk of landslides
pipes on the surface regarding ground instability
2000 2090
5
0
2.50
52.50
1.93
52.50
2.64
52.50
3.43
2008
52.50
4.07
2007
52.50
2.39
2006
52.50
1.47
2005
52.50
2.9
2004
2.94
2003
67
39
64
72
83
175
128
131
0.88
Production ( 1 billion tonnes) Export rate Coal price( USD/tonne)
Turnover & Pro�t after tax( NOK billion)
2010
2009
moving into svalbard.. its vulnerability should keep the islands “untouched” by humans. it belongs to nature and wildlife.
Svalbard is covered almost entirely by permafrost. The thick-ness are varies around 100 meters thick in coastal areas and 400-500 meters thick under mountainous area
.
continuous permafrost
sea ice during september
raising air temperature up to 10 °C
settlements contain coal
meanwhile, in svalbard, it has all compo-nents to trigger climate change
productivity of coal mining that contribute CO2 emmission
opportunity?
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
Ny Å
lesun
d
° Cnu
mber
of pe
ople
involv
ed
100
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Svea Bare
ntsb
urg
Long
year
byen
Lunc
kefje
ll
temp
erat
ure
below
8 me
ters
longyearbyen
borehole investigation raised assump-tion of permafrost thawing possibility
thaw soon?
EUROPE
RUSSIA
ALASKA
CANADA
ICE SEA REMAINS IN THE FUTURE WILL SOMEHOW OPEN UP NEW NORTH-ROUTE
INVESTMENT MAY BOOST IN SVALBARD
SVALBARD WILL BECOME AN IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL HUB
NEW INTERNATIONAL CIVILIZATION
SHIPPING HUB
sea ice
SVALBARD TREATY CONCEPTS
NON-DISCRIMINATIONNON-MILITARYENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLYPEACEFUL CIVILIZATION AND
SAFE ENVIRONMENT
SCIENTIFIC AND HERITAGE TOURIST ATTRACTION
DEVELOPING RESEARCH STATION IN SUSTAINABILITY ENERGY
CLEANER COAL MINING REGARD-ING PERMAFROST “LEFT OVER”
electricity genration using meth-ane from thawing permafrost
establish cleaner renewable energy
pictures references
bulding bytesizebio.netusa today
warmalglobing.comchurcheswa.com.au
e-reful.comearthrelief.wordpress.com
stephenleahy.netsustainablechemeng.blogspot.com
mpg.de