Upland Rice Breeding in Brazil: Progress and PerspectivesProgress and Perspectives
Flavio Breseghello
Head of Research and Development
Embrapa Rice and BeansEmbrapa Rice and Beans
Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil
Amount of Rice Produced in Upland andIrrigated Systems in Brazilg y
14000
10000
12000
20%
6000
8000 Production Upland
,000
t 55%
4000
6000
Production Irrigated
x 1,
0
2000
6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Production Irrigated
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Variation of Area Planted and Yield ofUpland and Irrigated Rice in Brazilp g
7000
Yield Irrigated
5000
6000g
3000
4000
Area Upland000 ha 80%
1000
2000Yield Upland
Area Upland
x 1,0
50%
0
1000
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
000
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
008
009
Area Irrigated
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Opportunities for Sustainable UplandRice ProductionRice Production
SprinklerSprinkler Irrigation
Crop‐livestock‐forest integration
Pasture renovation
Crop rotation
Upland Rice in No‐Tillage SystemUpland Rice in No Tillage System
N h fNorth ofMato Grosso
3.5 t/ha
45 cm45 cm
Importance of Drought Tolerance
Soil water storage Soil water storageSoil water storagecapacity: 30 mm
Soil water storagecapacity: 50 mm
Low Risk (20%)Intermediate Risk (50%)
( %)High Risk (80%)
Drought Phenotyping in the Field(Porangatu Station)( g )
Drought Phenotyping in Soil Columns
PROGRESS OF 25 YEARS OF UPLANDPaper accepted for publication in Crop Science
PROGRESS OF 25 YEARS OF UPLAND RICE BREEDING IN BRAZIL
Year Number of trials Total number of lines tested
Number of new lines from E b
Number of field plots
Data from records of 26 years
Embrapa1984 12 54 37 7001985 38 58 26 20521986 19 77 40 13581987 10 67 9 6741988 23 54 4 14841988 23 54 4 14841989 10 34 9 7921990 8 32 16 4501991 16 34 3 10601992 15 60 23 9441993 24 79 24 14771993 24 79 24 14771994 19 44 9 15361995 39 49 12 25971996 22 28 6 20461997 26 32 13 21431998 33 37 21 25521998 33 37 21 25521999 32 42 16 24852000 34 45 16 27562001 24 34 15 22972002 18 28 9 18192003 27 28 9 27332003 27 28 9 27332004 26 25 10 24082005 27 26 13 22992006 18 28 13 18302007 25 18 5 15202008 31 17 6 18412008 31 17 6 18412009 27 23 12 1835
Arithmetic Mean 23.2 40.5 14.5 1,757Total 603 493 376 45,688
Statistical Analysis
Group j: set of lines debuting in VCU in year j
Mixed model: “Group” fixed, all other factors random
Yijkmn = μ + gj + li/gj + ak + tm/ak + bn/atkm + εijkmn
BLUE of Group meansBLUP of linesf
Generalized Linear Regression:θ = (X` V‐1 X)‐1 (X` V‐1 Y)
θ = [α, β]β is the genetic gain per yearβ g g p y
Results: Change in Grain Type
Factors Restraining Genetic Gain for GY
• Very strict grain quality parametersVery strict grain quality parameters.
• Non durable blast disease resistance• Non‐durable blast disease resistance.
b d l f• Too broad target population of environments.
Factors Accelerating Genetic Gain for GY
• Early selection for grain yield.
• Recombination of high‐yielding families.
• Homogenization of cycle duration, plant
height and grain type, allowing stronger
selection pressure on grain yieldselection pressure on grain yield.
The Rice Breeding Scheme
Crosses 200
200
||||||on
Generation Traits N. of materials
Type of exp.
F2 – ERC
F3 – VS1
YIELD
BLAST
PLANT TYPE
200
20
1000 ||||||||| ||
::::::::::
ite recurren
t
tion
pop
ulatio
F4 – EOF
F3:5 – ERF
BLASTGRAIN QUALITY
YIELDGRAIN QUALITY
1000
250
|||||||||...|| Cultivar deveEli
select
F3:6 – VS2
F7 – EOL
F6 8 EP
BLAST
PLANT TYPEBLAST
YIELD
50
2000
500
::::::::::
|||||||||...||
elopment
F6:8 – EP
F6:9 – ER
F6 10 VCU
YIELDGRAIN QUALITY
YIELDGRAIN QUALITY
YIELD
500
50
10F6:10 – VCU YIELDGRAIN QUALITY 10
The Recurrent Selection Approach
IRRN, v. 34, 4 p. 2009
The same methods are being applied toThe same methods are being applied to irrigated lowland rice, with similar results:
LINE CROSS GY (kg/ha)BRA 040081 (BRS Pampa) IRGA 417/CNA7830 12,984 aBRA 040079 IRGA 417/CNA7830 11,994 aBRA 040079 IRGA 417/CNA7830 11,994 aBRA 040311 JAVAÉ/CNAi9039 11,793 aBRA 040257 DIAMANTE/CNA8642 11,583 a
BRA 040075 IRGA 417/CNA7830 11,320 aBRA 040286 IRGA 417/CNA7830 11,235 aBRA 040308 TAIM/CNAi9050 11,208 aBRA 040307 TAIM/CNAi9050 10,918 aBRA 040272 IR22/CNA8502 10 917 aBRA 040272 IR22/CNA8502 10,917 aMean of Checks(BR‐IRGA 409, IRGA 417, BRS 7 Taim, BRS 6 Chuí) 8,589 c
BRS SertanejaBRS Sertaneja
Upland Rice Breeding: The Way Forwardy
• Improve drought tolerance through better root system.
Ad t t till d id i• Adapt to no‐till and wider row spacing.
• Explore the genetic diversity for biotic and abiotic stress tolerancetolerance.
• Implement MAS for blast resistance and grain quality.
T t d i t t t i t i t t• Test and incorporate strategic transgenics or mutants.
• Develop aerobic rice hybrids.
The Brazilian Rice Breeding Project(Leader: Dr. Orlando Peixoto de Morais)( )
The 2009 – 2013 project includes:p j
• 10 Embrapa Centers: CNPAF, CPACT, CPAO, CPAF‐RO, CPATU, CPAA, CPAF‐RR, CPAMN,
CENARGEN, SNT
• 6 State Institutions: IRGA EPAGRI EPAMIG EMPAER MT SEAGRO TO SEAGRO GOIRGA, EPAGRI, EPAMIG, EMPAER‐MT, SEAGRO‐TO, SEAGRO‐GO
• 7 Universities: UFLA, UFG, UFSM, UFT, UNITINS, URCAMP, UNIPAMPA.UFLA, UFG, UFSM, UFT, UNITINS, URCAMP, UNIPAMPA.
