29. October 2014

AARHUS

UNIVERSITET

URBAN AGRICULTURE IS THE NEW ROCK ‘N’ ROLL

Picture: Friends of the Earth Adelaide

Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

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AARHUS

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Rock ‘n’ Roll?

• Audience

• New technologies

• Broadcasting

• Racial mixing

• Rebellion to authority

Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

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Urban agriculture

• Audience

• New technologies

• Broadcasting

• Racial mixing

• Language • Polytunnel • Aquaponics • Vertical farm • Crop-mob • Guerilla gardening

• Food strategies and campaigns

• Rebellion to authority (for some)

Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

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Audience

• Films • TV programs • Festivals • Books • Newspapers • Role models • Clothes

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New technologies

•

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Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

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Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

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Content

• What makes it the new Rock ‘n’ Roll?

• The interest in food and urban agriculture

• Urban agriculture defined

• Developments in European cities

• Challenges

Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

UNIVERSITET

AARHUS

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Introduction

• MSc research • Characteristics and the role of spatial planning • 4 European cities (London, Almere, Malmö, Helsinki) • 15 urban agriculture projects • Initiators, supporting organizations and policy makers

• Continued

• Interest and enthusiasm of citizens, municipalities • New cities, conferences and presentations

Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

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Interest in food & urban agriculture

• Globalization & urbanization

• Climate change

• Lack of transparency in the food chain • Distance consumer – producer

• Connection to nature and farming

• Local products – identity

• Public health

• Impact on region and consumer • Diet

Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

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Globalized food in Denmark

•

Origin of vegetables and fruit Føtex - Oct. 2014

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•

Origin of vegetables and fruit Føtex - Oct. 2014

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Urban agriculture defined •The growing of plants and the raising of animals

•for food and other uses

•within and around cities and towns,

•and related activities such as the production & delivery of inputs, processing and marketing of products.

• Van Veenhuizen & Danso, 2007

Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

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Development in European cities

• Allotments (1910’) • Victory gardens WWI & II

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London

• 7.5 million inhabitants

• 36.000 allotments, 17 city farms, 77 community gardens

• Growing interest in local produced food • London Food Strategy • Boroughs • NGO’s – Sustain • Olympics

• 6 projects studied

• main focus on social services and goods including community building, personal well-being and personal skills

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Farm:shop

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Almere

• City in the Netherlands since 1976, 190.000 inhabitants

• Large expansion plans (national policy)

• 3 projects studied

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Stadsboerderij Almere

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Malmö

• 300.000 inhabitants • Transition from industrial to sustainable city

• 6000 allotments

• 3 projects studied

• Main focus on social and environmental issues • Personal well-being, personal skills, access to green and biodiversity

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Mykorrhiza

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Odla i Stan

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Helsinki

• 590.000 inhabitants

• Dodo, an environmental organisation

• Low2no, started as a design contest

• Broad scope • Personal well-being, highest productive use of space and waste recycling

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Low2no

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Concepts

• 2 projects: Agroparks & PlantLab • Main focus on economic and environmental issues

• Food security, highest productive use of space, energy transport (food miles)

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Agroparks

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PlantLab – vertical farming

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Berlin

• ECF • Vegetables & fish

• Prinzessinnengarten

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Aarhus

• 3 urban agriculture projects

• Aarhus Ø • Mejlgade Lab • Godsbanen

• Many ‘kolonihaver’ allotment gardens

• 62.000 in Denmark

• Long waiting lists for gardens

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Different types of urban agriculture

1. Indoor food production - technology 2. Community gardens - neighborhood

3. City farms - education 4. Housing developments - green 5. Commercial farms – connect to urban

Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

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UA SERVICES AND GOODS

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Challenges

• Availability of land and water • Soil quality • Zoning plans • Legislation • Contact with the government

• Enthousiasm • Knowledge and experience • Networks

• Sustainability

Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

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To conclude

• Urban agriculture could be the new rock ‘n’ roll • Very diverse • Provides a broad range of services and goods • Challenged by spatial issues

• Is it sustainable?

Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

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AARHUS

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‘Locality is the place where the answers on

questions can be found. By experimenting,

the local people try to solve the problems of

the globalising world.’

Zygmunt Bauman

Evelien de Olde 29. October 2014 AARHUS

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ACKNOWLEGEMENTS

•Peter Davids & Hanne De Witte •Land Use Planning Group - Wageningen University • Arnold van der Valk and Gerrit Jan Carsjens

•Dutch Ministry of Economy, Agriculture and Innovation