Urban and Rural Canada Where would you like to live in Canada? Why?
Transcript
Slide 1
Urban and Rural Canada Where would you like to live in Canada?
Why?
Slide 2
Big Ideas
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Where do Canadians Live? Communities come in all shapes and
sizes: hamlets, villages, towns, small cities, and large cities.
Canada offers a variety of places in which to live, from a fishing
village in the Atlantic Maritime ecozone, to a large city in the
Mixedwood Plains ecozone, or a small town in the Prairie
ecozone.
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Urban vs Rural Urban describes an area where a lot of people
live at a high density. Rural describes an area where people are
spread out at a low density. Very large densely populated city
areas known as census metropolitan areas (CMAs). Statistics Canada
introduced the term population centre to more specifically define
urban areas. While most people will continue to use everyday terms
like village, town, and city, the official term population centre
is defined as an area with a population of at least 1000 and a
density of 400 or more people per square kilometre.
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Population Centres Population centres are divided into three
groups: small population centres - between 1000 and 29 999 people;
medium population centres - between 30 000 and 99 999; and large
population centres -100 000 people and over. For example, the city
of Toronto is closely surrounded by several municipalities
including Markham, Oakville, and Mississauga. A CMA has a total
population of at least 100 000 with an urban core of at least 50
000 people. Toronto ranks No. 1 in population among the countrys 33
CMAs.
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NL Population Centre Fast Fact Paradise, NL, with a population
of 17 695, had a 40.6% increase in population between 2006 and
2011. St. Johns, with a population of 196 966, had an 8.8%
increase.
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CMAs in Canada The 10 fastest growing CMAs in Canada, in order
of greatest increase, are: 1. Calgary, Alberta 2. Edmonton, Alberta
3. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 4. Kelowna, British Columbia 5. Moncton,
New Brunswick 6. Vancouver, British Columbia 7. Toronto, Ontario 8.
Ottawa-Gatineau, Ontario-Quebec 9. St. Johns, Newfoundland and
Labrador 10. Brantford, Ontario
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Fastest growing cities
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Urbanization Urbanization refers to the growing trend of
increasing numbers of people choosing to live in cities. Although
China has a significantly larger population than Canada, only 47%
of its population lives in urban areas.
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Canadas Heartland The Golden Horseshoe region in southern
Ontario and the Montreal region are two areas in Canada that are
very popular for settlement. In the past, settlers were attracted
to these areas because there was access to the waterways of the St.
Lawrence River and the Great Lakes. These waterways were a good
means of transportation and provided accessibility to trade routes.
The hospitable climate and rich soils also made this region
favourable for European settlement. From the riches that the
natural systems provided, cities such as Montreal, Kingston,
Toronto, Hamilton, and Niagara Falls developed. Today, this region
is known as Canadas Heartland, as it is the hub of the countrys
economic and industrial activity.
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Western Canada Natural systems also contributed to development
in western Canada, especially southern British Columbia. Bordered
by the Pacific Ocean on the west, southern British Columbia gave
rise to many ports, which served as trading posts. The area also
has a moderate climate and an abundance of fish stocks from ocean
waters. Inland forests supported the provinces forest products
industries. These physical features led to the development of the
cities of Vancouver and Victoria
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Western Canadacont A combination of natural and human systems
contributed to the growth of Canadas Prairie provinces. With the
completion of the Trans-Canada railway and offers of free land from
the Canadian government, many settlers moved west. As more and more
people headed west, the cities of Calgary, Regina, and Winnipeg
grew. I grew up in a small town, Wheat fields for a downtown kind
of place, There was really not much around, You blink and you miss
itPaul Brandt, Small Towns and Big Dreams
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Resource-based Communities Twenty per cent of Canadians live in
communities that are scattered in rural areas. Many of these rural
communities have grown around a primary industry such as fishing,
forestry, or mining. Resource-based communities often provide
excellent opportunities for employment. As well, the economic
spinoff creates opportunities for other businesses to help serve
the needs of the primary employer. However, much of the profit from
the sale of the resource may leave the community and go to
shareholders of the company that owns the resource production
facilities. there is little accumulation of capital in
resource-based communities. Also, if the resource runs out or if
market demand for the product declines, the community will face
significant economic challenges. (Can you think of an example hmmm
Hr. Breton)
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Collapse of an Industry In 1992 when the cod fishery collapsed
in Atlantic Canada, many communities that depended on this fishery
were seriously affected. The federal government placed a moratorium
(ban) on cod fishing, leaving many fishers and fish plant employees
out of work. The fishing industry has changed to focus on more
plentiful species such as shellfish and on aquaculture. In 2010 the
fishery employed more than 20 000 people mostly in rural areas and
was valued at $942 million. Overall the fishery employs fewer
workers than it did in 1992 though the total value of the fishery
has increased.
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Resource-based Communities Other resource-based communities in
the province, such as Labrador City, are experiencing significant
economic growth. Demand for iron ore, used for making steel, has
soared based on demand from rapidly industrializing countries such
as China and India. The arrival of new workers has led to intense
competition for housing, causing rents to increase
dramatically.
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Urban Land Use Land use is a term that geographers and planners
use to identify the different areas where people live, shop, work,
play, and go to school. In Canada, we have six main designations
for urban land use.
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Residential Land Use Residential land use refers to land that
has been allocated to living space.
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Transportation Land Use Transportation land use is another
important designation in community planning. Moving people and
goods from place to place is made easier by roads, highways,
subways, streetcars, trains, and airplanes. What forms of
transportation do you use?
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Commercial Land Use Commercial land use accounts for land that
has been assigned to business activities, or the buying and selling
of products and services. These goods and services can be found
along a main street, in a neighbourhood plaza, in a shopping mall,
or in a set of big-box stores.
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Industrial Land Use Industrial land use refers to land
allocated to factories (where goods are manufactured), warehouses,
and other secondary industries. These areas are often located along
major transportation routes, such as highways or rail lines. Access
to such routes is important to the transport of goods to other
markets.
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Institutional Land Use Institutional land use refers to urban
land that is occupied by schools, hospitals, places of worship, and
government offices.
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Open Space and Recreational Land Use Open space land use refers
to land that has been left in its natural state. A forest is an
example of open space. Paired with open space is recreational land
use. Playgrounds, parks, golf courses, and sports fields are all
examples of recreational land use.
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Land use Planning We need to provide housing for a growing
population and maintain a prosperous urban economy. Yet, at the
same time, we must satisfy the need for green open space and
protect wildlife habitats around urban places. Land use planning
decisions in our local communities are made by urban and
transportation planners, politicians, developers, and
citizens.
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Geo-lab Challenge pg. 212 Read the lab. Relative location near;
next to; west of etc Absolute Location latitude and longitude
Answer questions 1, 2, 4 and 5 in stretch your thinking on page
213. #s 1 and 2 in Activate your learning.
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Canadas Booming Urban Centres With completion of Canadas
railway in the nineteenth century, cities and towns developed along
the rail lines that linked Canada from coast to coast. Following
the Second World War, there was an explosion of urban centres
across Canada. The economy was thriving, and car ownership
increased. Widespread use of cars allowed Canadians to move out of
the city core to areas where the population density and costs were
lower. This trend marked the birth of the suburbs. Prosperity
spurred not only the move of people to the suburbs, but also the
migration of service industries. Banks, restaurants, hospitals, and
shopping malls all relocated to the suburbs.
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Another Song!!!!
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Lab Urbanization in Canada Questions: 1. Identify three factors
that account for the high percentage of rural residents in 1851. 2.
What factors account for the declining number of rural residents
and the increasing number of urban residents in 1911? 3. B y the
1970s, there was a significant decrease in rural Residents. Why is
the percentage of rural residents decreasing? 4. I n 2011, almost
20% of Canadians remained in rural areas. Suggest reasons why
Canadians remain in rural areas. 5. The Atlantic Maritime and
Boreal Shield ecozones have CMAs that are smaller than those found
in the other ecozones. What might account for this? Consider both
natural and human systems.
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The cara good place to start When looking at urban issues a
good starting point would be automobiles:
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Case Study - Ontarios Disappearing Farmland Solution Pages
220-223 Terms to look at: Urban Sprawl Greenbelt Smog HOV Waste
Management
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Case Study - Questions Explain two ways that urban sprawl
affects agriculture. Make a prediction about the future of
agricultural land surrounding your city or the city nearest you. Do
you think you would move closer to your school or work if it meant
spending less time in a car or bus? Why or why not? What can cities
do to reduce smog? What are some ways to raise awareness of the
issue? What types of waste management strategies are in place in
your community? How successful are these strategies environmentally
and economically?
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Future Urban Centres Simple Changes narrow row housing is being
constructed with small front lawns and back alleys to accommodate
car access. Garages are detached and placed at the back of homes.
Apartments are added as a second floor for extended family or
rental tenants. Porches on the front of houses bring people into
closer contact with neighbours and the community. focus is on
pedestrian walkways. This encourages pedestrian traffic and
cycling, and greatly reduces the need for cars.
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Smart growth or new urbanism Smart growth is a concept that
involves plans for urban expansion that also preserve the natural
environment. new urbanism is a movement to reform the design of
physical communities. It is a way of designing communities using
traditional features such as front porches and back lanes with an
efficient mix of land uses. complete cities: a place where people
could live, work, and shop without ever having to get into their
car
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Smart Growth Principles Develop in existing communities, making
them more compact and dense, rather than creating suburbs that
spread out into rural areas. Mix land uses: Put homes, stores,
offices, and services in the same neighbourhoods within walking
distance of each other. Create a range of housing opportunities
that will bring together people of different ages, household types,
incomes, and ethnicities. Provide a variety of transportation
choices, including public transit. Create places and routes for
safe walking and biking. Protect green space, farmland, and
ecologically sensitive land, such as wetlands and woodlots. Protect
wildlife habitat by creating natural corridors through urban areas.
By establishing green space and maintaining forests in a continuous
pathway through cities, wildlife can move around freely and
safely.
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Green Thinking Green technologies, which are environmentally
conscious ways of constructing buildings, are becoming more and
more popular. Solar energy and wind turbines are already in use in
green homes and businesses across Canada. Old tires are being used
to create rubber roofing tiles. Green roofs are another
eco-friendly alternative that are becoming more and more popular.
Some schools are developing gardens on rooftops. They help soak up
runoff that would otherwise carry pollutants into water
supply.
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Telecommuting the process of commuting electronically to work.
using technology to connect with the workplace from home or from
anywhere on the road using mobile technology. With the widespread
use of smart phones and smaller and smaller computers, people are
able to maintain businesses and stay in touch with clients from
anywhere in the world.
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Case Study : Bringing People Back to the City 1. Examining the
three points listed above, what are the advantages of these
practices? 2. How may these goals be achieved? 3. W hat factors
must urban planners and government officials keep in mind when
developing initiatives like the one in Vancouver? 4. What might
Vancouver have looked like had this sustainable development and
lifestyle not been adopted? 5. If you were put in charge of
designing a city, what elements would you include? How would you
use the land? What would the residential areas be like? 6. How
would you evaluate the effect of land use policy in your local
community? What criteria would you use?