Urban Growth and Decline
Stage 5 Geography
Cities are always changing
Urban consolidation
Urban decline
Gentrification
Urban renewal
Change involves four urban processes
Focus: ICT in the Stage 5 Geography SyllabusGeography (Mandatory) Stage 5 requires students to:
• access, collect and interpret electronic information.
• critically analyse a website, including the ethics of the site
• design and create a multimedia presentation or webpage to communicate geographical information to a particular audience, including maps and diagrams as appropriate
• import data from other ICT applications into student research findings
• design and create a simple database from student research
• create a formatted, multiple-paged document containing web-links to communicate geographical information
This action research project is to encourage students to:
review models, make notes and gather secondary data on urban structure and process.
access, collect and interpret electronic information using the Internet, Moodle & SSC Leichhardt Geog Blog
use ABS - Sydney a Social Atlas 2006, ABS Community profile statistics, Google Maps, Google Street View
Maintain a record of all materials studied in a formatted, multiple-paged document containing web-links to communicate geographical information
Import data from other ICT applications into student research findings
design and create a simple database from student research
This action research project is to encourage students to:
critically analyse a website, including the ethics of the site
use applications ie. Word/ Adobe Portfolio or OneNote
process information using applications such as Excel & Photoshop
consult & add to a Delicious network using an agreed set of tags
design & create a multimedia presentation or webpage to communicate geographical : Wiki
Stage 1 – 31 March to 2 MayStage 2 – 3 May to 23 MayStage 3 – 24 May onwards
Implementation of the Program
The Research Questions
How is the Foreshore being used?
How has the land use changed and what is the impact on the biophysical and built environment?
What issues have arisen from Urban Growth & Decline?
Who is affected by these issues?
How are the issues being addressed?
The Research Cycle
2. Generate focus questions to Guide the investigation
1. Identify the aim/purpose of the investigation
3. Which primary and secondary data are needed to answer the focus questions
4. Identify the techniques that will be used to collect the data
5. collect primary and secondary data
6. Process and analyse the data collected
7. Select methods to effectively communicate the research findings
8. Propose individual or group action in response to the findings
9. Where appropriate, take action
The Field Study Area
Darling Harbour
Barangaroo
Millers Point Walsh Bay
Circular Quay
Basic content presented in 7 PowerPoints
1. Basic urban processes
2. Sydney’s Development
3. Government stakeholders and their responsibilities
4. Community and commercial stakeholders
5. Changes in the study area from the 19th to 21st centuries
6. Field Work
7. Processes operating in the study area
Lesson content provided students with a rich preparation for field activities
Hickson Rd – The Hungry Mile – Darling Harbour
Showing Change in the Area
Smith & Gardiner’s Map of Sydney and Suburbs
1855
Robinson’s Aeroplane Map of Sydney
1922
Showing Change in the area
Google Map of Sydney 2010
Showing Change in the Area
Built using Photoshop
Scoping the topic with FreeMind
Moodle : supplementing basic content
Link to TALE & laptop Wraps
A platform of resources
OneNote book template
Homework posted here
SSC Geog Blog
Providing additional
content
Aiming to facilitate
interactivity
SSC Geog Blog
Provide a additional
audio materials
Pages added for
each part of course
SSC Geog Blog
PowerPoints posted on Blog
Stage 1 – Resources and Tools• ABS Sydney a Social Atlas 2006• ABS Community profile statistics• Google Maps & Street View• Models of Urban development
Simple Land Use Models
• Excel, Word, Adobe Portfolio or OneNote, Photoshop, CameraDigital Tools
• Delicious• SSC Leichhardt BlogWeb2.0 Tools
WkPer Focus Content Student task
Wk 10 to Wk 1
Finding basic data Preparation of simple community Profile, identify & photograph urban processes
Work on pre-topic assessment using neighbourhood data.1. Prepare a basic community
profile. 2. identify & photograph one or
more urban processes in own neighbourhood
3. locate photograph on a neighbourhood map or satellite image
Stage 1 - Pre-activity Assessment
WkPer Focus Content Student taskWk 2P 1 Definition of
Processes1. PPT presentation on Urban
Processes with examples from Leichhardt Municipality
2. Define Urban Growth, Decline, Renewal, Consolidation and Gentrification
3. Spatial & ecological dimensions
Students continue work on pre topic assessment organising neighbourhood map & basic community profile, completing placement of photographs illustrating urban processes.
Wk 2P2 Definition of
Processes1. Sharing of photographs
(Bluetooth/USB thumb drive)2. PPT - patterns of city growth &
decline in Australia's urban areas3. Brainstorm likely issues & the
impacts of urban growth on the economy, environment & communities.
1. Discuss impact of Urban Growth & decline on people, economy and environment?
2. Who Are the stakeholders?3. Lift images from PPT &
makes notes using Moodle based resources
4. Present in OneNote or Word & Adobe Portfolio.
5. Post questions/comments on Blog
Stage 1- Week 2, Term 2
Sydney has changed since 1788
Sydney has grown out from a centre
Cities can be represented by circlesThe area of first settlement
Outward growth
Cities grow out from areas of first settlement, and as they grow certain processes occur:
Some areas Decline
In some areas there is Renewal
There’s Consolidation of people in some places
In other places change in social and economic status occurs - Gentrification
Sydney has branched out
What might have caused this?
Railways greatly influenced Sydney’s development
1850
2004
Trams began to be phased out from the 1950s onwards as car and truck transport developed
George St, 1950s
Car & Trucks and Buses
By the 1960s cars, trucks and buses were major forms of transport in Sydney
Lessons: provided basic content
Major traffic thoroughfare
Port Activities
Visible air pollutionWaterfront
cargo storage
Cargo unloaded directly to
wharf
Horse drawn freezer/meat
van
Pyrmont bridge: 1903
Lessons: provided basic content
Port activities
confined to ferries and
Private boating
No visible air pollutionWaterfront
Hotels &apartments
Tourism activities on
wharf
Pyrmont bridge: 2009
View across Darling Harbour 1880s
View across Darling Harbour 2010
Can you see anything from the 1880s?
Late 19th century view from Windmill St, Millers Point, looking over Walsh Bay
Living and Working Conditions
19 Gloucester Street, The Rocks WarehouseWool Store
Port and factory workers lived close to work
Walsh Bay Wharves
Early 20th century Darling Harbour coal loader – ships needed coal for fuel
Living and Working Conditions
19 Gloucester Street, The Rocks
Coal train rolling stockCoal powered steam engine
Millers Point
Urban decline in the 19th century
Living and Working Conditions
Unsealed streets and horse manure a breeding ground
for bacteria
Horse and cart
Children barefooted
In the 19th Century streets were often unsealed and unsanitary
Living and Working Conditions
19 Gloucester Street, The Rocks
Hydrated lime barrel.
Hydrated lime was used as a disinfectant because it produced a dry & alkaline environment that retard bacterial growth
Urban renewal – cleaning out 19th century drains in 1900
Living and Working Conditions
19 Gloucester Street, The Rocks
Blocked drainage being cleared
Bones, horns and old piles unearthed
A bubonic plague outbreak led to demolition of some decaying urban areas
Living and Working Conditions
19 Gloucester Street, The Rocks
1900 Demolition of sub-standard housing
Around 1900 retailing was still largely through corner stores and local businesses
Living and Working Conditions
19 Gloucester Street, The RocksSigns of global industry emerging
In the 20th century the area was still a mix of docks, warehouses, industry & housing
Living and Working Conditions
19 Gloucester Street, The Rocks
Large areas of housing demolished to build the Sydney Harbour bridge
Walsh Bay finger wharves
Balmain
Darling Harbour
Pyrmont
Darling Harbour immediately before the Darling Harbour Urban renewal Project - 1980
Living and Working Conditions
19 Gloucester Street, The Rocks
Railway lines removed
Empty Wool StoresNow converted to
apartments & parking
Urban decline – old industrial area
Still a working port
How is land in the study area now used?
No shipping of cargo,Port abandoned
Millers Point heritage houses built from 1820
to 1930Heritage buildings
remaining on Gas Works site
Modern apartments – urban consolidation
High rise office blocks Western Distributor
How is land in the study area now used?
No longer finger wharves at King St
Moorings for private ferries, cruise and
charter boats
Low energy buildings with small carbon
footprint
Tourist Hotels Restaurants and bars
How is land in the study area now used?
Urban consolidation
Urban Renewal - Maritime Museum
Public Access to foreshore
Stage 2 – Resources and Tools• Government, Corporate and
Community websites & reports• Images – photos, videos, maps,
statistical maps, graphs
Processes, Stakeholders,
Decisions, Future
• Excel, Word, Adobe Portfolio or OneNote, Photoshop, CameraDigital Tools
• Delicious• SSC Leichhardt Blog
Web2.0 Tools
WkPer Focus Content Student taskWk 3P 1 Stakeholders
and Their Perceptions
1. PPT Identifying three levels of government stakeholders in Stakeholder levels of govt. CBD & Darling harbour areas?
2. Introduce websites view policies & approaches to the development of Sydney - CBD and Darling harbour areas.
1. Prepare a diagram or table in OneNote or Excel and Adobe Portfolio, based on lesson, summarising the responsiblities of govt in urban issues.
2. Use PPT posted on the Blog & other websites identified through Delicious or Internet.
Wk3P2 Stakeholders
and Their Perceptions
1. PTT introducing stakeholder commercial & community organisations interested in urban processesWhich have a stake in CBD & Darling harbour areas?Determine their position on the development of Sydney - CBD and Darling harbour areas
Prepare a diagram or table outlining the commercial interests and concerns of the different groups Use the PPT & other websites from Delicious or the Internet, Present in OneNote or Excel and Adobe Portfolio
Stage 3- Week 3, Term 2
WkPer Focus Content Student taskWk 4P 1 Decisions
making processes and management
1. PT and notes plus some film footage Blog addressing change in City West, Darling Harbour, Millers Pt & Walsh Bay areas in 19th & early to mid 20th centuries.
1. Use the PPT posted on the Blog plus other websites you identify through Delicious or on the Internet, to prepare notes in OneNote or Word & Adobe Portfolio, answering the questions addressed in today's lesson.
Wk 4P2 Decisions
making processes and management
1. PT and notes plus some film footage Blog addressing change in City West, Darling Harbour, Millers Pt & Walsh Bay areas in the late 20th & early 21st centuries.
1. Use the PPT posted on the Blog plus other websites you identify through Delicious or on the Internet, to prepare notes in OneNote or Word & Adobe Portfolio, answering the questions addressed in today's lesson.
Stage 3- Week 4, Term 2
WkPer Focus Content Student taskWk 5P 1 Implications
and the Future
1. PPT showing Issues and Implications of Urban Growth & Decline Issues highlighting - Processes, Indicator & Impacts of urban growth and decline
2. List of issues arising from Urban growth & decline under headings Process, Indicator Impact + or -
•Process, Indicator Impact, who is affected by Urban Growth and decline? Who Are the stakeholders?(Enables students to gather secondary data they will soon investigate in the field)
Wk 5P2 Implications
and the Future
PPT & notes & some video already posted on Blog about Barangaroo, addressing :•Nature & scope of the project•Project as urban renewal•Stakeholders & Environmental,•Economic & Community impacts
Also Sydney's transport system. Plans for the future
Describe the:•Nature & scope of the project•Project as urban renewal•Stakeholders & Environmental,•Economic & Community impacts Using delicious and Internet presented in OneNote or Word & Adobe Portfolio.
Stage 2- Week 5, Term 2
Government Stakeholders
NSW Maritime
Planning NSW
NSW Road Transit Authority (RTA)
NSW Housing
Federal Government NSW Government Local Government
Sydney City Council
NSW Dept of Environment Climate Change & Water
Aust Dept of Immigration & Citizenship
Aust Dept of Customs & Excise
NSW Transport & Infrastructure
NSW Road Transit Authority
RTA’s major stakes in the area are the Cross City Tunnel, the Western Distributor and the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
Its colour, cladding and architecture were determined in consultation with other Government Departments & stakeholders
There is a cross city tunnel ventilation stack located in the Darling Harbour area
near Druitt St.
The city’s major north south traffic route.
Planning NSW – NSW Department of Planning
Planning NSW’s three agencies have a major role in managing the areas
NSW Heritage Council
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Barangaroo Delivery
Authority
Barangaroo Delivery AuthorityThe NSW Government’s is committed to the delivery of Barangaroo in a coordinated and financially responsible manner.
Established under the Barangaroo Delivery Authority Act 2009
Barangaroo will extend from King St Wharf, along the eastern side of Darling Harbour to Millers Point and around to Walsh Bay. It’s a very large area of around 15 central city blocks but most is on the old Patrick's Wharf site in Darling Harbour.
NSW Maritime a State Government Authority responsible for:
marine safety, regulation of commercial & recreational boating and oversight of port operations
property management of submerged lands in
Sydney
removal of rubbish in the interests of the tourist industry, harbour-side local government, the recreational boating public, operators of commercial vessels, waterfront property holders and the public using Sydney Harbour.
Storm Water Management in the Study Area
Sydney Water works in conjunction with local councils to manage stormwater quality
SQID Stormwater Quality Improvement Devices.
Managed by Sydney City Council under the CBD
SQID Stormwater Quality Improvement Devices.
Managed by Sydney Water in Blackwattle Bay
NSW Transport & Infrastructure
Sydney Ferries is a NSW Government agency operating regular ferry passenger services on Sydney Harbour and its tributaries
Sydney Ferries
Visitors – Darling Harbour
SydneysidersOther NSWInterstateOverseas
54%
31%
9%
5%
Almost 150 million people have visited Darling Harbour since it opened in 1988.
Source: Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre | fact file February 2009
Darling Harbour Tenants
The Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority manages 97 tenancies in Darling Harbour
Source: The Darling Harbour Authority - http://www.shfa.nsw.gov.au/sydney-Our_places_and_projects-Darling_Harbour.htm
Who is the main stakeholder?
Cruise Boat and Charter Operators
Who are the stakeholders?
“Rather than just saying ‘don’t do that’, we try saying ‘what about this’. It doesn’t always work and sometimes we just have to grin and bear it. But it’s much harder for them (the council and government) to deny an idea if you offer other real alternatives.”
Millers Point Residents’ Action Group
Millicent Chalmers OAM, Chair
Who are the stakeholders?
Stage 3 – Resources and Tools• Board of Studies examples of
student work – on Moodle• Teamwork• Roles and responsibilities defined
Research Action Plan integrating primary & secondary data
• Excel, Word, Adobe Portfolio or OneNote, Photoshop, Audacity, Premier Elements, GPS, Camera
Digital Tools
• Delicious• SSC Leichhardt Blog
Web2.0 Tools
WkPer Focus Content Student taskWk 6P 1 Fieldwork:
integrating Primary & Secondary data
1. Introduce Research Action Plan as an animated PPT
2. PPT on Secondary data - reviewing sources already used
3. PPT on Primary data collection - cameras, digital video, gathering noise samples, measuring wind speed, temperature, GPS.
4. Review Field Work Format5. Allocate data collection tasks
Practice:•Testing sound levels (Audacity)•Taking photos with cameras•Using digital video
Wk 6P2 Fieldwork
Wk 7on Following
FieldworkOngoing:Interested students to edits videoInterested students post findings to Wiki
Stage 3 - Week 6, Term 2
The Research Cycle
2. Generate focus questions to Guide the investigation
1. Identify the aim/purpose of the investigation
3. Which primary and secondary data are needed to answer the focus questions
4. Identify the techniques that will be used to collect the data
5. collect primary and secondary data
6. Process and analyse the data collected
7. Select methods to effectively communicate the research findings
8. Propose individual or group action in response to the findings
9. Where appropriate, take action
Stage 3 – Resources and Tools• Assembling of primary materials• Students writing and posting
findings to Wiki • Students post to Delicious
Construction of Wiki & Delicious Tags
• Excel, Word, Adobe Portfolio or OneNote, Photoshop, Audacity, Premier Elements, GPS, Cameras
Digital Tools
• Delicious• SSC Leichhardt Blog• SSC Leichhardt Wiki
Web2.0 Tools
A Student’s Work from the Field Study
8. Processes, indicators, impacts and management
Part of the old gasworks on Hickson Rd
New high rise apartments
The process is Urban Consolidation shown by apartments, building with small ecological footprint and preservation of heritage
Photo by Gieun
The Bond Building. 6 Green Star rating
A Student’so Community Profile
Urban Processes in a Student’s Neighbourhood
Video Clips
Wiki
Watch this space
A Footnote follows
Blog Visits
Timetable & Calendar Issues
5 Periods lost to school events
15 Periods available for Issues in the Australian Environment