Conteúdo da Apresentação

Daniel Pulido

Infrastructure Specialist

World Bank

Urban Mobility:

The Gender Dimension

2

Presentation Outline

2.What are we doing?

Voice: Liaoning, China

Data: Buenos Aires, Argentina

Inclusive Transport and Women Rights: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Via Lilac Program

1.What do we know?

3.How can we do more?

3

Women have differentiated mobility concerns

• Women perform higher number of diverse activities (childcare, household, work)

• Fewer women own cars

Urban Transport burden is higher

for women

• Mexico: 48% of women have been sexually assaulted at least once (31% in the last year)

• 7 out of 10 women fear assault

Women are victims of crime and harassment

in urban transport

• Lack of gendered stats inhibits mainstreaming of gender

• Women participation leads to inclusive urban transport planning

Women Voice and Data matter for the design of mobility projects

1. What do We Know?

4

Getting Gendered Statistics

How Does She Get Around? (%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

步行 w alk

自行车 bicycle

公交车 public transport

出租车 taxi

通勤车 commuting bus私家车 private car

摩托车 motor bike

三轮车 tricycle

其他 others

Fushun

Jinzhou

Liaoyang

Panjin

Dengta

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

日常生计 Daily livihood

上学 School

娱乐 Entertainment

探亲访友 Visit Friends

去医院看病 Hospital visit

其他 Other

What Does She Travel For? (%)

Fushun

Jinzhou

Liaoyang

Panjin

Dengta

2. What are We doing? – Liaoning, China: Voice

5

Hearing Women Voices

Ms. Kong, work at home on handmade products: ¨I do daily grocery shopping via

bus… need to transfer to get to the destination, very long and expensive… ”

Ms. Jin, retired worker: ¨There’re no lights on some streets. Robbery happens

frequently there. I wouldn’t dare to walk alone when it’s turning dark”

Ms. Qi, 27 year old: ¨bus services are not available early at night, it’s very

inconvenient for me to get back home”

2. What are We doing? – Liaoning, China: Voice

6

Addressing Women Concerns In

itia

l P

roje

ct

De

sig

n

New Urban Developments

Road Expansions

Issu

es

rais

ed

in

ge

ne

ral

Poor secondary road pavement and drainage

Poor sidewalks

Lack of separation between NMV and MV

Issu

es

Ra

ise

d b

y W

om

en

Street Crossing design

Lack of street lights

Long waits at bus stops

Poorly designed bus services

Gender-informed public participation can make

projects more inclusive at low incremental cost

2. What are We doing? – Liaoning, China: Voice

7

Women have high transport burden

Women,

particularly

those with

kids, travel

more and do

it more in the

middle of the

day (when

service

frequency is

low)

Differences in non HBW daily trip rates

Difference (F-M) F:M Ratio

Single, no kids 0.17 1.19:1

Single adult, with kids 0.84 4.76:1

Two adults, no kids 0.37 1.7:1

Two adults, with kids 0.86 2.75:1

2. What are We doing? – Bs As, Argentina: Data

8

Women travel at lower speeds Average Trip

Time (min) Distance (km) Speed (km/hr)

Women w/o Children 45.3 7.50 9.92

Men w/o Children 43.3 8.67 12.01

Women w Children 47.7 7.92 9.98

Men wChildren 48.7 9.96 12.27

Women cover

smaller distances

Women take the bus and walk more than men

(who use the car the most)

2. What are We doing? – Bs As, Argentina: Data

9

Women have less accessibility

2. What are We doing? – Bs As, Argentina: Data

10

RJ is investing in transport for inclusion

Supervia Train

•161 trains (70+ coming)

•89 Stations

•225 km

•76% of RJ population

(Mostly poor)

•15% of RJ State area (40

km2)

•580,000 pax /day

Cable Car

• Serving low income communities (Alemao)

• 3.5 Km and 152 gondolas

• Offers complementary services: Security, health and community spaces

• 100,000 people with no previous access to mass transit services

2. What are We doing? – RJ, Brazil: Inclusion

11

RJ started with Women Only Wagons

Dedicated Women

Wagons

8 Suburban Rail Lines

2. What are We doing? – RJ, Brazil: Women Rights

12

Via Lilac: promoting women rights • Domestic Violence

Prevention Law (Lei Maria da Penha-2006) is an important instrument for promoting women rights:

– Family Courts -Police

– Service Centers -Shelters

• Limited accessibility and high service delivery costs constrain implementation

• Via Lilac Program launched with WB TA and in partnership with Supervia

2. What are We doing? – RJ, Brazil: Women Rights

13

Via Lilac: Leveraging Transport Infra

Use Supervia’s infrastructure to deliver social, economic

and legal resources and services for Women

2. What are We doing? – RJ, Brazil: Women Rights

14

Via Lilac: Access to Information

• Information terminals

for Maria da Penha

and other gender

services (Totens Lilas)

• 107 terminals with

data collection and

printing capabilities:

– 102 Supervia Stations

– 5 Cable car Stations

2. What are We doing? – RJ, Brazil: Women Rights

15

Via Lilac: Access to Servives

Microbus Service: daily schedule: 9hs - 17hs

Connection between the Supervia “Lilac

Rooms” and the “Casa da Mulher Brasileira”

Supervia “Lilac

Rooms” Casa da Mulher

Brasileira

2. What are We doing? – RJ, Brazil: Women Rights

16

Single-fare provides geo-referenced gendered data

• Direct subsidy to poor living in periphery

• 500k Supervia “Bilhete Unico” users: 50% are women

• Provides geo-referenced data on customers spatial mobility patterns

• Tied to National Personal ID# (“CPF”) thus provides large geo-referenced social & economic data base for policies and investments analyses and design

2. What are We doing? – RJ, Brazil: Women Rights

17

Increasing responsiveness to women needs

“Woman/Family Fare" for women/parents travelling with children at off-peak times (increased frequencies)

Women Exit-Re-entry Policy within current 2-hour open BU scheme at peak times to enable short-term convenience stops

Child Care Centers and Grocery shops close or inside selected rail (Supervia) stations

3. How can we do more? - Transport Planning

18

Women facilities only part of the solution

Women-friendly systems: Women Toilets, lightning, footpaths, women police, women drivers

Perception-based maps for safety: cell-phone based peer groups to supplement public stats

Partnerships with women-focused services to increase access to opportunities: Microcredit, education

3. How can we do more? – Focus on accesibility

19

Some ideas for thought…

• Mainstream good practice across projects:

– Incorporate participation and consultation

– Focus on basic accessibility: walking, street lights, safety

– Gender-sensitive public transport vehicles and facilities:

Go beyond women-only wagons

• Increase Responsiveness of Public transport planning:

– Routing & scheduling –serving women’s travel patterns

– Fare structures – integrated fare structures that do not

penalize chained trips

• Collect and analyze more Gendered data:

– Follow-up surveys and research to examine hypothesis

– Analyzing gender in public transport requires rethinking

survey instruments

3. How can we do more? – Conclusions

Conteúdo da Apresentação

For more information: Buenos Aires Research

http://blogs.worldbank.org/transport/are-women-forced-work-closer-home-

due-other-responsibilities-does-contribute-gender-wage

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANTRANSPORT/Resources/2014-Feb-

5-Gender-and-Mobility.pdf

Via Lilac Program

http://documentos.bancomundial.org/curated/es/2013/10/18465002/brazil-

enhancing-public-management-service-delivery-rio-de-janeiro-project