Date post: | 14-Nov-2014 |
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PUT
THE
PICTURES
IN
ORDER
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Urban Models
Burgess’ Model
• On a plain piece of paper have a go at remembering the Burgess model.
• HINT: this is the one with lots of circles!
Burgess Model
Hoyt’s Model
• On a plain piece of paper have a go at remembering the Hoyt model.
• HINT: this is the one with circles and wedges!
Hoyt’s Model
Quick Task on Burgess and Hoyt
• Using the information we have just spoken about write a short description of each of the models on your sheet in the ‘description’ segment.
• Think about:
– What the model is showing – how it is structured?
– What information it is based upon
Limitations of the Burgess Model• Does not account for the physical landscape
– Based on Chicago and even this city does not follow the pattern due to the coastline!
• Burgess did not foresee the development of commuter villages.
• Urban regeneration and gentrification has changed the status of housing in inner cities.
• Council estates in the suburbs do not fit model.
• Decentralisation of shops and industry does not fit the model – out of town shopping centres.
BUT – Simple, good basic understanding, idea of city growth explained well
Limitations of the Hoyt Model
• Like Burgess there is little reference to the physical environment.
• No reference to out-of-town services.
• The growth of a sector can be stopped as land-use leapfrogs out of the old inner city.
– Council estates have prevented the large high class sector developing in other areas of Bristol
BUT – Some cities seem to follow the model, looks at effects of communication routes, provides alternate explanations to Burgess’ model.
Harris and Ullman Model
• Otherwise known as the multiple nuclei model.• Idea that cities are not formed around one CBD but a number
of separate nuclei in the urban pattern.• These nodes become specialised and differentiated based on
a number of attributes:– Differential accessibility. Some activities require specialized
facilities such as port and rail terminals. – Land use compatibility. Similar activities group together.
This may be defined as centripetal forces.– Land use incompatibility. Some activities are repelling each-
other such as high quality residential and heavy industrial. This may be defined as centrifugal forces.
– Location suitability. Some activities cannot afford the rent of the optimal site for their location.
Harris and Ullman Model
• The multiple nuclei model was the first to consider the complexity of the city and its surrounding areas
• Realisation that the CBD is not the only part of a city that affects land use
• Still a simplification of the urban landscape
• Physical landscape still not entirely integrated
Mann’s Model• A British Urban Land Use Model.
• A combination of the ideas of Burgess and Hoyt with both concentric rings and sectors.
• Based on Sheffield, Nottingham and Huddersfield.
• The role of the prevailing wind is important.
Mann’s Model – Limitations and Advantages
• Once again there is no reference to the physical landscape.
• No acknowledgement of the multiple centres in Harris and Ullman’s model.
• Does not forsee the advent of reurbanisation that is happening today with the regeneration of decaying old industrial centres.
BUT
• Takes in the role of council estates in the suburbs.
• Notes the influence of environmental factors.
• Makes a model more specific to the UK .
Mann’s Model
Can we relate it to Ipswich?
Round-Up
• On a new piece of paper:
– Sketch either the multiple nuclei model or Mann’s model as best you can remember it.
– Write down the three points you think are the most important from this lesson.
– Write one thing you have learnt today that you did not know before
Hand this to me as you leave!