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MS - 04 (RS&GIS), Term Project2

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Group Members Amir Javaid

Sher Muhammad

Supervisor Dr Zahir Ali YusufZai (GM Suparco)

Sir Yusha Anis (AM, Suparco)

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Contents Introduction

Literature Review

Purpose of the study

Objectives

Study Area

Methodology

Data Required

Results

Conclusions and Recommendations

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Introduction The maintenance of good health and easy access to adequate

healthcare has been a challenge to mankind .

This challenge has led to attempts by government(s) and non-governmental outfits to setup public healthcare facilities in various parts of the world

Public healthcare is re- graded as the basic form of healthcare as it provides the least expensive source of medical treatment to the greater population of people resident in any given area .

Private health care institutions are little expansive but having more facilities than public healthcare institutions.

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Svensson , 2007 defines Accessibility as,

“The cost to access a specific set of services, public or commercial.The accessibility is measured as travel distance along a road, in timeor space.

“Since the design of our cities tends to constrain people withimpairments from performing their daily activities, removingbarriers and making public spaces accessible for everyone isbecoming a human rights-issue”.

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The demand for healthcare services has increased over theyears in Karachi urban areas due to the growing populationof the city.

Healthcare facilities that were initially meant for fewsettlements are now being used by more settlements.

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Literature Review

In 2005, “Measure Physical Accessibility to Health Care Using GIS ” by Michael Black, he concluded that.

Public healthcare is an important concern in developing countries andaccess to health care is a significant factor that contributes to a healthypopulation.

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Literature Review In 2001, research work was published on “ Application of GIS in health

care facilities planning” by Abdul Kader A. Murad Analyzed,

Identify areas require more attention regarding their health care supply.

GIS provides decision tool to improve hospital accessibility easily and quickly.

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Literature Review In 2008, study was done by “Swedish National Rural Development

Agency (SNRDA)” to analyze accessibility to services from a nationalperspective using GIS technique.

Accessibility studies through network analysis.

Identify bottleneck and problem areas.

Plan accessibility to rescue services.

Build more efficient systems to perform accessibility analysis using GIS

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Literature Review In 2012, Accessibility Analysis of Healthcare Delivery System within

Enugu Urban Area Using Geographic Information System by “ IfeanyiR. Ejiagha1 “

Creation of a spatial database of existing healthcare facilities anddemonstrate through various analyses the potentials of GIS inmeasurement of accessibility to healthcare facilities .

The result showed the spatial distribution of health institutions, closestfacilities in case of emergency and route to those health institutionswithin Enugu urban Area.

Routes and closest facilities to those deprived areas were identified inthe settlements area.

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Purpose of study

Main purpose of the study was to select a Nearest health care facilities

for people of the study area.

Defining shortest routes from the incident to healthcare facilities.

Identify the depriving areas that not have any healthcare facilities in

500 meters buffer.

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Objectives

Our Main objective is to introduce GIS tools in the field of health and emergency response.

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Address and Facilities of Study Area Hospitals

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Methodology Flow Chart

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Digitizing of •Road Network•Residential Buildings•Commercial Buildings•Hospitals

Data Acquisition

Run topology on Road Network

Check for errors

(over-shoots, under-shoots

& dangles

Correct errors by editing

Yes

Built Network Dataset

No

Creating Geodatabase of Road Network in Arc

Catalogue

Create feature class and import road network

Network Analysis

Identify closest facility

Mark Incident and facility

Un-served Area

Closest Facility by OD Matrix

Central Health Facility

Apply 1 Km Buffer

Service Area

Final Map/ Layout

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Data RequiredName Description/Type Source

Google earth, and Ikonos high resolution satellite imagery

Raster Google Earth, http:/www.glovis.usgs.gov, gdem.ersdac.jspacesystems.or.jp/

Roads and Street Networks Vector Geological Survey of Pakistan

Hospitals Shape file Vector Extracted from Google earth

Settlements Vector http:/www.glovis.usgs.gov

Study Area shape file Vector http:/rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov

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Results

Digital maps showing spatial distribution of health-care facilities and

deprive areas.

Network analysis results showing closets facility and service areas.

Buffering result of healthcare facility in each settlement to show

proximity to the facilities.

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Analysis Phase Data included in analysis

Main Roads

Streets

Settlements

Hospitals

Network data set

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Closest facility

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The closest facility solver finds the cost of traveling between

incidents and facilities and determines which are nearest to

one other. The output includes a ranking of facilities by least

impedance to or from incidents, along with routing directions

between them.

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Direction Window For Closest Facility

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OD cost matrix

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The origin – destination (OD) cost matrix solver finds and

measures the least – cost paths along the network from

multiple origins to multiple destination. The closest distance

and OD cost matrix are similar. If you don’t need route

geometry, choose OD cost matrix because it can solve larger

problems, and it generally solves problems faster than

closest facility.

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Location - Allocation

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The location allocation solver chooses the best set of facilities to service

the most demand.

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Service Area

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The service area solver generates polygons or lines that encompass all

edges within a given distance, travel time or other impedance unit from a

facility.

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Closest Facility Using Length

Legend

Routes

do Hospital

main_roads

Streets

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Legend

Routes

do Hospital

main_roads

Streets

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Conclusion and Recommendations

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This study provides a unique platform to identify and measureaccessibility to healthcare facilities in study area.

Geospatial tools and techniques are helpful for Healthcare distributionsystem in particular to find shortest distance in case of incidents.

All accessibility measures were used to identify best route and closestfacility to access during healthcare emergency.

Healthcare facility should be provided to those deprived areas.

GIS unit should be a basic component of all agencies responsible foradministration of healthcare facility.

If we want a successful system of emergency management at the local,state, tribal, or federal level, we must utilize GIS ––period! It will savetime, money, and lives.

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References Adam T, Ebener S, Johns B, Evans D Cost of Scaling up Health

Interventions at Primary Facilities. A Multi-Country Analysis(forthcoming).

Albert, D.P., Gesler, W.M. & Horner, R.D. 2000, ‘Geographic InformationSystems in Health Services Research’, In D.P.

Albert, W.M. Gesler & B. Levergood (eds). 2000, ‘Spatial Analysis, GIS andRemote Sensing Applications in the Health Sciences‘, Sleeping Bear Press,London.

B. S. C. Uzochukwu, E. Nkoli and E. Soludo, “The Dis-trict Health System:An Analysis of Policy Development and Implementation,” 2009.

www.research4development.info/searchdatabase.asp C. G. Eze,“Application of Remote Sensing and GIS for Creation and Management ofEnuState, Nigeria,” Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Nnaui

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