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Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I....

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Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Page 1: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Urbanization and Environmental

Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case

Study

Julius I. Agboola, PhDUniversity of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

Page 2: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Lagos from world view

Page 3: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Lagos State (City) Coastline

Maritime shoreline of about 180km

Page 4: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Lagos City Profile

Situated within latitudes 6̊� 23′N and 6̊� 41′N and longitudes 2� 42′E and 3� 42′E

Located within the flat lying coastal plain of south western Nigeria

Hub of business and economic development in Nigeria, housing around 65 per cent of the country’s industrial establishments, more than 65 per cent of all commercial activities and around 60 per cent of Nigeria’s non-oil economy

A classic example of a modern city, having transformed from a small farming and fishing village in the fifteenth century to a burgeoning megacity in 2010.

Page 5: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Lagos City Profile

Changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area (residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use)

1986̊- 85.4 square kilometers (43.36 per cent) 2002- 111.9 square kilometers (56.8 per cent) Natural vegetation cover (including mangrove and swamp

thicket) 1986̊- 59.2 square kilometers (30.1 per cent) 2002- 38.3 square kilometers (19.4 per cent) Naturally occurring water bodies (including the ocean, lagoons

and streams) 1986̊- 52.4 square kilometres (26.6 per cent) 2002- 46.9 square kilometres (23.8 per cent)

Page 6: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Administrative Classification:

Lagos state

Lagos State- Capital: Ikeja Five divisions: Lagos, Ikorodu, Ikeja, Epe, and Badagry. 1991: Subdivisions into 20 Local Government Areas 2006: 37 Local Government Council Areas.

Page 7: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Overview of Population Growth

Page 8: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Population Growth-2

Grew from 305,000 inhabitants in 1950 to 5.3 million in 1991 and 9.1 million in 2006̊

The rate of population growth is about 600,000 per annum with a population density of about 4,193 persons per sq. km.

In the built-up areas of Metropolitan Lagos, the average density is over 20,000 persons per km2

The population density in the (Ajeromi, Ifelodun Local Government Area) of 60,204 per km2

Page 9: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Lagos City Development (1984-2010)

Page 10: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Classification of Income levels

Page 11: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Growth of metropolitan Lagos (1900–present) and location of coastal slum communities

Adapted from Gandy, M (2005)

Page 12: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Hazards and Vulnerability

Page 13: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Flood History

Lagos metropolis recorded the first flood in early 1970s and till date, floods (both river and coastal floods) have become perennial event in the state.

October 2010- about 700 inhabitants of settlements along the River Ogun in Lagos state were evacuated to refugee/relief camp by the Lagos State Emergence Management Agency after a devastating flood

July 2011 flood  in Lagos June 2012 flood in Lagos Statistics confirms that between 2011 and 2012, more than

150 billion naira (about $1 billion) was lost in Lagos

Page 14: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Storm Surge- Severe Coastal Erosion

Page 15: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Elevation of Lagos State above Sea Level

Source: Triple “E” System Inc. 2010

Page 16: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Issues/Problems Disconnection between urban infrastructure and the populace Lagos urban city planned before the establishment of regional

town planning and urban development The urban infrastructural decay such as poor road network,

lack of portable water supply, bad drainages and canals, poor housing and poor waste management systems

Inadequate urban renewal policies as well as poor action plans on urban regeneration projects

Urban settlers lack the willingness to accept urban renewal projects in Nigeria as a result of poor communication amongst stakeholders and concerned residents.

Lack of urban planning.

Page 17: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Historical Transformation- 1

Had first urban slum renewal implemented in 1951 with a slum area of about 28.34 hectares (70 acres) in central Lagos

Comprehensive Urban Renewal Programme was launched in 2001 covering 750 hectares of largely swampy terrain.

.

Slum Redevelopment in Lagos Megacity, Before and After. Source: Lagos State Government, Ministry of Information and Information and Strategy,

2010.

Page 18: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

New Governance- Transformation Drive The face of Lagos is changing as a result of a series of

transformations effected by a new style of governance (Democratic) adopted from 1999.

The current government of Lagos State made it mandatory to establish regeneration projects within the built environment

The general concern is how to adapt into the government urban renewal plans without imposing further poverty, particularly those living in urban slums.

Lagos emphasizes the adoption of public-private partnership (PPP) projects as a mechanism for infrastructure delivery

Page 19: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Knowledge-based approach to critical reforms

Promoting sustainable development

Budget Reform and Linkage with Government Activities Institutional Reform for Efficient Service Delivery

Partnership Building with Popular Participation and Private-Sector Involvement

New Governance- Transformation Drive

Page 20: Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study Julius I. Agboola, PhD University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Emergence of Eko Atlantic City ( from 2008---till date)

2 Decades ago

Constructions Design

New Governance- Transformation Drive


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