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welcome 17-05-2014 1 Urbanization and Indian Agriculture: A Critical Analysis.
Urbanization and Indian Agriculture: A Critical Analysis. 1
welcome
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Urbanization and Indian Agriculture: A Critical Analysis.217-05-2014
URBANIZATION AND INDIAN AGRICULTURE :
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
RAVI K N M.Sc. Scholar
Dairy Extension Division
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CONTENTS FUTURE CHALLENGES WORLD SCENARIO URBANIZATION COMPARITIVE ANALYSISi. INDIAN AGRICULTUREii. DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL AND URBAN
POPULATIONiii. URBANIZATION IN INDIA CAUSES AND EFFECTS ADOPTION STRATEGIES CONCLUSION
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The five challenges Constant reduction in the per capita
availability of land, increasing urbanisation, attracting youth to farming, creation of additional jobs and livelihoods
and globalisation of agricultural trade. (MS Swaminathan ,2011)
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FUTURE CHALLENGES
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Total World Population Is 7.1 Billion.
By 2050 it is predicted that 64.1% and 85.9% of the developing and developed countries in world respectively will be urbanized.
( "Urban life: Open-air computers". The Economist. 2012. )
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WORLD SCENARIO
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URBANIZATION
The precise demographic definition of urbanization is the increasing share of a nation’s population living in urban areas. (source:Satterthwaite et al, 2010)
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Acc to census of India-2011 WHEN U CALL IT URBAN?
A minimum population of 5,000;
At least 75 per cent of the male main workers engaged in non-agricultural pursuits
A density of population of at least 400 per sq. km.
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INDIAN AGRICULTURE
• Employment - 263 Million cultivator & agricultural labourers directly and GDP 13.7%.
• 57 per cent of the population and most of industries depend on raw materials.
• food grain production: 1950-51 - 51mt in 2011-12 259.29 million tonnes .
(Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics). 17-05-2014
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• The milk production 17 million tonnes in 1950-51 to 127.9 million tonnes in 2011-12 (NDDB, 2012)
Agriculture Yet Forms The Backbone Of Development.
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URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION
• Table 2: Population and Agricultural Workers (In Million)
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Year TotalPopulation
AverageAnnualExponentialGrowth Rate(%)
RuralPopulation
Agricultural Workers
Cultivators
AgriculturalLabourers
Total
1951 361.1 1.25 298.6(82.7)
69.9(71.9)
27.3(28.1)
97.2
2001 1028.7 1.97 742.6(72.2)
127.3(54.4)
106.8(45.6)
234.1
2011* 1210.6 1.64 833.5(68.8)
118.7(45.1)
144.3(54.9)
263.0
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• TABLE 3: Percentage of rural population over the decades
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year rural population in %1951 82.71961 82.61971 80.11981 76.11991 74.52001 72.22011 68.8
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Rural – Urban distribution: 68.84% & 31.16% respectively
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1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200
102030405060708090
rural population in %
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• TABLE 4: Area under non-agriculture use (in million ha)
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year Area under non agriculture use in million ha.
1950-51 9.36
1990-91 21.09
2000-01 23.75
2009-10 26.28
2010-11 26.51
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1950-51 1990-91 2000-01 2009-10 2010-110
5
10
15
20
25
30
Area under non agriculture use in million ha.
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URBANIZATION IN INDIA
urban population -increase 27.81% to 31.16% in 2001 to 2011. But, rural population declined from 72.19% to 68.84%
The present Rural population is 833.1 million and Urban population 377.1 million
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Causes of urbanization• Migration of rural people towards urban.• Tremendous increase in the population.• Do to industrialization.• Due to modernization.• Increase in the Employment opportunity.• More life expectancy in the urban areas.
(standard of living).
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Emerging limitations• Urbanization increases the loss of
agricultural land for non-farm purpose.• The low availability and high cost of land in
urban / peri urban areas which leads to farmers willing to sell their land.
• Urbanization will increase the degradation of the fertile land.
• Rapid urbanization leads to massive growth of slum.
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• Urbanization leads to shift of working population from agriculture to industries and due to this there is fall in agriculture produce which results in fall in food production.
• Rural youth migrates towards urban areas leaving agriculture as non profit occupation
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STRATEGIES
• URBAN AND PERI URBAN AGRICULTURE components of UPA:Urban and peri-urban horticulture and crop
Production. Livestock in urban and peri-urban areaUrban and peri-urban Aquaculture.
(Source:FAO,2001)
Encourage contract and cooperative farming
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• Attracting and Motivating Youth towards
Agriculture.• Need to formulate the strict Legislations to
control the real estate activities.• Minimize the migration of the rural
population .• Effective utilization of urban waste for
agriculture activities .(compost, recycling of waste water etc..)
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CONCLUSION
Their is need to adopt the strategies in agriculture to minimize the limitation of urbanization for prosperous growth of Indian agriculture and for sustainable agriculture growth and development for feeding of future population.
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