urine Pregnancy Test

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7/10/2011 Urine Pregancy Test

InvestigationSeminar

Urine PregnancyTest

By

Dr Ajay


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Objective

Brief discussion of Urine PregnancyTest & application

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Introduction

There are two types of pregnancytests, one uses a urine sample, the

other a sample of blood.

Both tests detect the presence of a

hormone called human chorionic

gonadotropin (hCG).33

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Contd

This hormone is produced by the

placenta shortly after the embryo

attaches to the uterine lining and

builds up rapidly in body within the

first few days of pregnancy.

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Principles

Urine is added to the test kit and

allowed to migrate through the

absorbent device.

The labeled antibody-dye conjugatebinds to the hCG in the specimen

forming an antibody-antigen

com lex.

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This complex binds to the anti-hCG

antibody in the test zone and

produces a purple color band when

the hCG concentration is equal to or

greater than 20 mIU/ml.

In the absence of hCG, no band is

formed in the test zone.

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Urine Collection and Storage

First morning urine typically containsthe highest concentration of hCGand is therefore the best sample for

performing the urine test. However,any urine specimen may be used

Collect the urine specimen in a cleanglass or plastic container.Preservatives are not used.

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Contd

If the specimen is not used

immediately following collection, but

is to be used within 48 hours it

should be refrigerated (2 to 8

degrees C), and brought back to

room temperature (l5 to 30 degrees

C) before testing.

If specimen is not going to be used

for more than 48 hours, it should be

frozen at -20 de rees C.

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Types

Immunologic Test

ELISA Method

Card Test

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Card Test

Remove the test cassette from the

foil pouch just before use and place

on clean dry surface.

Using the disposable pink pipette,dispense 3 drops of urine into the

Round Sample Well. 1010

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Holding the strip vertically, carefully

dip it into the specimen

Immerse the strip into the urine

sample with the arrow end pointing

towards the urine.

Do not immerse past the MAX Line

(Marker Line). Take the strip out after

3 seconds.

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Wait for colored bands to appear,

depending on the concentration of

hCG in the test specimen, positive

results may be observed in as little

as 40 seconds

Interpret test results at 3 to 5

minutes. Do not interpret test results

after 5 minutes

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Interpretation ofResults

NEGATIVE: If there is only one purple

color band in the result window, this

indicates that the specimen does not

contain a detectable level of hCG

and should be interpreted as a

negative result

POSITIVE: If there are two purple

color bands in the result window, this

indicates that the specimen contains

hCG and should be inter reted as

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INVALID: If there is no purple color

bands in the result window, the test

result is invalid. The control band will

not appear if an insufficient volume of

specimen is added into the test kit.

FALSE-POSITIVE RESULT: If blood or

protein is present in your urine. And

certain drugs, such as tranquilizers,

anti-convulsants, or hypnotics, may

also cause false- ositive results.

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ELISA method

Urine sample is passes through solid

support which having Anti hCG

antibodies

hCG if present in test urine competes

with hCG enzyme conjugate for

binding to the antibody preventing

the attachment of enzyme to the

solid support.

For normal urine end point will be

colorless and for re nanc urine

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Immunologic Test

Patent urine one drop is mixed with

one drop of antiserum.

Latex particles are added in this

If test urine contain hCG , Anti

serum react with hCG which causeAgglutination

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Expected Normal Values

Urine hCG levels during pregnancyare estimated to be

1. 10-30 mIU/ml 7-10 days post

conception.2. 37,000-50,000 mIU/ml 8-11 weeks

after last menstrual period.

3.


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Sensitivity

The Urine Pregnancy Test will detect

hCG in urine at concentrations of 20

mlU/ml or greater.

This sensitivity level has been

confirmed with interval hCGstandards in urine, calibrated against

the World Health Organization First

International Standard.

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Storage of Kits

Store at room temperature (15o-

30oC) out of direct sunlight.

The kits come with long expiration

dates.

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Advantages

The Advantages over a blood test

1. Less expensive than a blood test

2.Takes Short to get result

3. Can be done in home.

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Disadvantages

Disadvantages over blood test

1. It take more time to detect apregnancy, which is less in blood

test, earlier than a urine test atabout 3-10 days from possibleconception

2. Cant measure the concentration ofhCG hormone blood (which is usefulinformation in tracking certainproblems in pregnancy) 24

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Limitations

Urine hCG Pregnancy Test is for in

vitro diagnostic use only.

A normal pregnancy cannot be

distinguished from an ectopicpregnancy based only on hCG levels

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Contd

A negative result obtained from a

urine specimen collected from a

mother in very early pregnancy may

be due to an extremely low

concentration of hCG.

If a urine sample is too dilute (i.e.

low specific gravity), it may not

contain a representative urinary hCG

concentration leads to ne ative

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Summary

Types, Procedure, Advantage,Disadvantage, Limitations of UPT

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Conclusion

Urine Pregnancy test is mainly based

on hCG hormone

It is non invasive, confirmatory, cost

effective test for detection ofpregnancy.

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7/10/2011 Urine Pregancy Test

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