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The future will be “renewable and electric” and needs

worldwide efforts: an invitation to Ireland!!

Urs MuntwylerChair Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Implementing Agreement (IA) -

of the International Energy Agency (IEA)

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Contents of this presentation

• Current status of vehicle technology in the world and the energy challenge

• Needs and benefits of international collaboration• The International Energy Agency (IEA)• What is the IEA Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Implementing

Agreement (IA-HEV)?• Actual work in phase 3 (2005-2009)• How countries can participate in the IA HEV network• Invitation to Ireland as regular member in the 4 th phase of

the Implementing Agreement “Hybrid- and electric vehicles”

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Current status

figures 1998 population [Mio]

private cars[Mio]

vehicles/ 1000 inh.

IEA countries 852 516,4 606

tiger states 1‘767 159 90

develop. countries

3‘235 31,6 10

With 300 vehicles/ 1‘000 inhabitants: ca. 2 Mia. vehicles (x 3) 3-liter-car!

Workshop IEA Transportation IA Paris 2008 4

Current Status of Vehicle Technology

5© Muntwyler Energietechnik AG

Current Status of Vehicle Technology

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New Annex “Lessons learned”

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Range achieved by the energy produced on 1 ha land (the bar of the plug-in-hybrid vehicle is 7 times longer than shown here) The PHEV (consumption 16 kWh/100 km) using solar energy produced by a PV installation on 1 ha drives 150 times further than a car (consumption 6,5 l/ 100 km fuel equivalent) using bio-ethanol extracted from grain produced on 1 ha.

source: PHOTON

a winning combination for the future: PV+EV/PHEV!

Workshop IEA Transportation IA Paris 2008 8

Strategy = international collaboration automotive industry Governments

act within the boundaries of their countryacts globally

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The IEA Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Implementing Agreement (IA HEV)

• The IEA (International Energy Agency) is a Paris based organisation of 28 Governments interested in energy issues

• The IEA has 42 different technical collaboration-programmes all kind of energy fields, one of them the IA HEV.

• The IA HEV is a working group of actual 12 governments (Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, USA) interested in advanced vehicle technologies.

• An Executive Committee directs the work of the task forces, plans new initiatives, and disseminates the information produced

• The IA HEV works by setting up task forces (called “Anne-xes”) on particular hybrid-, fuel cell- and electric vehicle subjects

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Some activities in phase 3: 2004 - 2009Work continued on:• Information Exchange (Annex I)• Electrochemical Systems (Annex X)

New Task forces (Annexes and other activities):• IA HEV Award (not as Annex)• Electric Cycles (Annex XI)• Renewable Energy for Transportation (not yet started)• Hybrid Heavy Duty Vehicles (Annex XII)• Fuel Cells for Vehicles (Annex XIII)• Lessons Learned (follow-up; Annex XIV)• HEVs outlook-report (not as Annex)• Plug-In-Hybrid Vehicles (Annex XV started march 2008)

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Hybrid Vehicles working group (Annex VII)

• Passenger cars tend to cost a constant share of disposable income - features are added to increase price

• Drive trains only represent 8% - 12% of the costs of a car -dealer/warranty costs are largest share

• A “fuel pay-back” period of 3-5 years would make hybrid vehicles cost-competitive.

• Consumers can afford hybrid cars, but should be motivated to want them.

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Elektrochemical Systems (Annex X)

Batteries made a remarkable progress since 1994

(compare with the forecast by our experts of Annex V in 1996):

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Lithium Ion Technology versus Goals

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Discharge Pulse Power (25 kW)

Regenerative Pulse Power(20 kW)

Available Energy (300 Wh)

Efficiency (90%)

Cycle Life (300k on 25Wh profile)

Calendar Life (15 Years)System Weight (40 kg)

System Volume (32 L)

Selling Price ($500/system @100k/yr)

Self Discharge (50 Wh/day)

Operating Temperature Range (-30 to +52 °C)

FreedomCAR Goals Lithium Ion

Power-Assist HEV Goals (Low Power)

Workshop IEA Transportation IA Paris 2008 14

Lithium Ion Technology versus Goals

Specific Power-Discharge (300 W/kg)

Specific Energy-C/3 (150 Wh/kg)

Power Density (460 W/liter)

Energy Density-C/3 (230 Wh/liter)

Cycle Life-80% DOD (1,000 cycles)Calendar Life (10 years)

Production Price @10k/yr ($150/kWh)

Operating Temperature Range (-40 to +50 °C)

EV Goals

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

USABC EV Goals Lithium Ion

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Deployment Strategies working group (Annex VIII)

• Evaluation of more than 100 government promotion measures for clean vehicles (electric, hybrid-, alternative fuel vehicles)

• investigation of factors decisive for success and failures

• set of recommendations for the market introduction

first joint annex of two Implementing Agreements (HEV and Advanced Motor Fuels AMF) in IEA - history

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New Annex “Lessons learned”

In the past 20 years, many electric and hybrid vehicle models have been introduced on the market. Some where successful, many disappeared again.

The task force „Deployment Strategies“ (Annex VIII) investigates the reasons for „failures“ and „successes“.

This investigation will improve the success-rate of new vehicles and technologies.

operating agent: Tom Turrentine ITS UC Davis

Workshop IEA Transportation IA Paris 2008 17

History: Tour de Sol 1985

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History: Tour de Sol 1985 - 93• Prototyping

EtterTron, ESORO, Horlacher Carbon Horlacher City (1991) Horlacher Consequento (1993)

1991

ESORO E301 (1993) Horlacher Coupé (1994)

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History: EVs for fleet tests

series production conversion EVs by car manufacturers: all production stopped around 2003/2004. PSA sold about 4‘000 vehicles (Citroën+Peugeot)

VW „CityStromer“ 1995-2000;: ca 200 items sold Citroën AX/Saxo électrique 1993-2004

Peugeot 106 electric 1993-2003Opel „Impuls“ 1991: 10 test vehicles on Rügen

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History: reaction on mandates/legislation

purpose design EVs by car manufacturers: all production stopped

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Presence: purpose design

„Survivor“?: TH!NK Nordic former PIV since 1998 ca. 1000 items produced (under FORD) bought by TH!NK nordic, bancrupcy 2006, now new attempt with new models incl. FC

Cleanova by Heuliez-Dassault

motor permanent magnet

battery Li-ion 16 - 30 kWh

motor 27 kW

battery NiCd 19x6V

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Presence: conversion design

SMART ed

TWINGO Quickshift elettra

FIAT Panda elettrica

motor permanent magnet 30 kWbattery Na NiCl 78 Ah (ZEBRA)max. speed 100 km/hrange 150 km

motor AC asynchronous battery NaNiCl 78 Ah ZEBRAmax.speed 110 km/hrange 130 km

motor AC asynchronous 16 kWbattery NaNiCl 60 Ah, 19,5 kWhmax.speed 120 km/hrange 130 km

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New Annex “Lessons learned”

hybrid vehicles great market success: Toyota Prius with nearly 1 million vehicles/ several Lexus models HONDA IMA more than 100‘000 vehicles sold

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The IA HEV “Clean Vehicle Award”

The “Clean Vehicle Award” is given to manufacturers with outstanding sales figures (surpassing thresholds of 25'000, 50'000, 100'000, or more than 250'000 clean vehicles sold).

The “Best Practice Award” is given to the organizers of an outstanding promotion project

The “Personal Award” is given to a person that has dedicated her/his work to the development or promotion of clean vehicles in an outstanding way.

Copyright Muntwylers SolarAkademie 25

Energy ressources in the world

© Copyright Muntwylers SolarAkademie

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Tour de Sol: EV+PV grid-connected

© Copyright Muntwylers SolarAkademie

Future energy supply of Europe

100% production with hydro-/ solar- and windenergy

Grafik: ABB

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New subtask “PHVs and smart grids”

The winning combination of future mobility is: - electric drive trains - renewable energies - linked to a smart grid (see Internet...) The use of renewable energies as hydro-, wind-,

solar-, biomass-, waste-, -wave eetc. -energies offers a broad range of efficient combinations.

Subtask leader: Robert Horbaty (CH)

19.02.2009

Elements of “Smart Grids”

…. including storage capacities in Plug-In Hybrid carsSource: Andrew Tang, Senior Director - Smart Energy Web, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Plugin 2008

19.02.2009

Possible Development of the V2G-Concept

2008 201420122010

Dep

loym

ent V

2G

Charging at Home

Chargingeverywhere

Smart ChargingGrid to vehicle

G2V

Smart Chargingbi-directional

Vehicle to homeV2H

Grid regulatingancillary servecies

Vehicle to GridV2G

Quelle: ENCO Energie-Consulting AG

A

19.02.2009

EBL* Solar Power Station since 1992

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EBL = Swiss Utility

19.02.2009

EU Future Network Vision: „Smart Grids“ ...

Biomass

Off-Shore Wind

Prediction

SolarCHP Appartements

Efficient Energy use

CHP Offices and Industry

Photovoltaic

Thermal Storage

Big Hydro

Thermal Power Plant

Small Hydro

PHEV

The IEA Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Agreement looks forward to continuing to provide balanced, reliable information for member Governments and research organizations, and encourages new Governments and organizations to join.We invite Ireland to join our efforts and to participate as member country in the Implementing Agreement Hybrid- and Electric Vehicles (IA HEV).

Contact: Mr. Martijn van Walwijk , Secretary<secretariat.ieahev@wanadoo.fr>

IEA IA Hybrid & Electric Vehicles 4th phase 2009-2014

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Thank you for your attention