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8/19/2019 Us 4956194 http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/us-4956194 1/6 ‘United States Patent 119] [11] Patent Number: 4,956,194 Gos [45] Date of Patent: Sep. 11, 1990 54 METHOD FOR ACCELERATIN THE [ 1 AGING 0F DWI Es G FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS . 2459“) 5/1987 Fed. Rep. of Germany ... . 426/592 [76] Invmm 13 ‘ 43 Cass St spnng?eld' 1-157372 6/1989 Japan ................................. 426/592 M “ 1104 464618 11/1975 U.S.S.R. ............................ . 426/592 [21] And‘ No‘: 483341 Primary Examiner-Carolyn Paden [22] Filed: Feb. 21, 1990 Attorney, Agent, or Firm—H. Jay Spiegel [51] 1m. 01.5 ............................................. .. c1211 1/22 [57] ABSTRACT [52] US. l. ................................... . 426/592; 426/489 . . . [58] Field 61 Search ............. 426/592, 494, 425, 489, The Presem_m °““°“. relates}? a“ “PM”? ath.“ Q6/3303’ 330A’ 429’ 431, 11, 15 for accelerating the aging of dlstlllates. In the mventlve ~ method, the addition of a tree bark either m crushed [56] Refmllm ited form or as an extract is added to the distillate during the us ATENT DOCUMENTS aging of the distillate in wooden barrels. Additonally, Re. 21,589 10/1940 Krebs .. 426/425 “.apple °°n°°gtm£d9ay$s° be added t: mam“ he 2,088,585 8/1937 Chambers 426/238 f‘gmg Pmcess' y mg e,“ °°mP,°“n 5 an_ “as?” 2,119,234 5/1938 Krebs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 426/11 1118 f°r a Predetcfmmed Pemdftune, the mvemlve 2,132,435 10/1938 1161mm . . . . . . .. 426/592 method roduces distillates that have comparable'quali 2,196,193 4/1940 Chambers 426/238 ties to distillates that have been seasoned for 12 years. A gel‘: ~ - - ~ - variety of types of tree barks may be utilized in the , , . . . . . .. - - - - 2,417,505 3/1947 Krebs _ . n . _ 426L592 mgfntlve method, mcludmg the bark from oak and 4,210,676 7/1980 Dlidar ....................... . 426/238 W °w ces 4,350,708 9/1982 Ruiz de Palacios 426/592 4,576,824 3/1986 Gubiev ............................. . 4267592 16 Claims, No Drawings
Transcript
Page 1: Us 4956194

8/19/2019 Us 4956194

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/us-4956194 1/6

‘ U n i t e d S t a t e s P a t e n t 1 1 9 ]

[ 1 1 ] P a t e n t N u m b e r : 4 , 9 5 6 , 1 9 4

Gos [ 4 5 ] D a t e o f P a t e n t : S e p . 1 1 , 1 9 9 0

5 4

METHOD FOR ACCELERATIN THE

[ 1 AGING 0FDWI Es G

FOREIGN

PATENT DOCUMENTS

. 2459“) 5/1987 Fed. Rep. o f Germany . . . . 426/592

[ 7 6 ] Invmm 1 3 ‘

6° 4 3

C a s s S t spnng?eld' 1 - 1 5 7 3 7 2 6 / 1 9 8 9 J a p a n

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 6 / 5 9 2

M “

1104

464618

11/1975

U.S.S.R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

426/592

[ 2 1 ]

And‘

N o ‘ :

4 8 3 3 4 1

P r i m a r y E x a m i n e r - C a r o l y n

P a d e n

[ 2 2 ]

F i l e d : F e b .

2 1 , 1 9 9 0 A t t o r n e y , A g e n t , o r Firm—H. J a y S p i e g e l

[ 5 1 ] 1m. 0 1 . 5

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . c1211 1/22 [ 5 7 ]

ABSTRACT

[52]

US. l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 426/592; 426/489 .

.

.

[ 5 8 ] F i e l d

6 1

S e a r c h . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 2 6 / 5 9 2 ,

4 9 4 , 4 2 5 , 4 8 9 , The P r e s e m _ m ° “ “ ° “ .

r e l a t e s } ?

a “

“PM”?

a t h . “

Q 6 / 3 3 0 3 ’ 3 3 0 A ’

4 2 9 ’ 4 3 1 , 1 1 , 1 5 f o r

a c c e l e r a t i n g t h e

a g i n g o f d l s t l l l a t e s . I n t h e m v e n t l v e

~

method, the

addition of a t r e e bark e i t h e r m

crushed

[ 5 6 ] Refmllm i t e d

form

or a s a n e x t r a c t i s

added

t o

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e during t h e

us ATENT DOCUMENTS a g i n g o f t h e d i s t i l l a t e

i n

wooden b a r r e l s . A d d i t o n a l l y ,

R e . 2 1 , 5 8 9 1 0 / 1 9 4 0

K r e b s

. . 4 2 6 / 4 2 5 “ . a p p l e

° ° n ° ° g t m £ d 9 a y $ s ° b e

a d d e d t : mam“ h e

2 , 0 8 8 , 5 8 5 8 / 1 9 3 7 C h a m b e r s 4 2 6 / 2 3 8

f ‘ g m g P m c e s s ' y

m g e , “ ° ° m P , ° “ n 5

a n _

“as? ”

2,119,234

5/1938 Krebs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

426/11 1118

f°r

a PredetcfmmedPemd f tune, the mvemlve

2,132,435

10/1938

1161mm

.

. .

. .

.

. . 426/592

method

roduces distillates

that

have

comparable'quali

2 , 1 9 6 , 1 9 3

4 / 1 9 4 0

Chambers

4 2 6 / 2 3 8

t i e s t o d i s t i l l a t e s t h a t

have

been seasoned f o r 1 2 y e a r s . A

gel‘: ~ -

-

~ -

v a r i e t y

o f

t y p e s

o f

t r e e b a r k s may b e

u t i l i z e d i n

t h e

, , . . . . . .. - - - -

2,417,505 3/1947 Krebs _ . n . _ 426L592

mgfntlve method,

mcludmg the bark from

oak and

4,210,676

7/1980 Dlidar

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 426/238

W

°w

ces

4 , 3 5 0 , 7 0 8

9 / 1 9 8 2 R u i z d e

P a l a c i o s

4 2 6 / 5 9 2

4,576,824 3/1986 Gubiev

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 4267592

1 6

C l a i m s , No D r a w i n g s

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4 , 9 5 6 , 1 9 4

1

METHOD

FOR

ACCELERATING

THE

AGING

OF

DISTILLATES

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The

p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s

t o

a n

i m p r o v e d

method

f o r

a c c e l e r a t i n g t h e

a g i n g o f d i s t i l l a t e s .

H e r e t o f o r e ,

a l c o h o l i c

d i s t i l l a t e s

s u c h

a s

w h i s k e y

have

b e e n

a g e d

i n

o a k b a r r e l s o r c a s k s o v e r l o n g p e r i o d s o f t i m e . During

t h i s a g i n g

t i m e ,

t h e d i s t i l l a t e r e a c t s w i t h i n t h e o a k

b a r r e l

t o

p r o d u c e a h i g h e r

q u a l i t y

d i s t i l l a t e . The wooden b a r

r e l s a r e u s u a l l y s t o r e d i n warehouses a t a c o n s t a n t tem

p e r a t u r e , which

s i g n i ? c a n t l y i n c r e a s e s

t h e

c o s t o f

t h e

? n a l

p r o d u c t .

G i v e n

t h e

l o n g

l e n g t h

o f

t h e

a g i n g p e r i o d

and t h e c o s t s i n c u r r e d , v a r i o u s methods and

d e v i c e s

h a v e

b e e n

d e v e l o p e d

t o

s p e e d u p t h e a g i n g

p r o c e s s .

However,

A p p l i c a n t i s

unaware

o f a n y

p r i o r

a r t

p r o

c e s s e s t h a t t e a c h o r f a i r l y

s u g g e s t

a l l

o f

t h e

f e a t u r e s o f

t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i n c l u d i n g u s i n g a t r e e

b a r k t o

a c c e l e r a t e

t h e

a g i n g p r o c e s s .

The

f o l l o w i n g

U n i t e d S t a t e s

p a t e n t s

a r e k n ow n

t o

A p p l i c a n t :

US. P a t .

No. 2 , 1 1 9 , 2 3 4

t o

K r e b s ,

e t a l .

t e a c h e s

a

m e t h o d o f

a c c e l e r a t i n g

t h e a g i n g p r o c e s s

f o r w h i s k e y

and

s

s e e n t o i n c l u d e t h e a d d i t i o n o f oakwood s h a v i n g s

d u r i n g t h e m a t u r a t i o n p r o c e s s .

Of

o u r s e , t h e

K r e b s , e t

a l .

p a t e n t i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h a t

o f

t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n

i n

t h a t t h e r e

i s n o s u g g e s t i o n of u s i n g

a t r e e

bark

t o

a c c e l e r a t e t h e a g i n g

p r o c e s s .

U . S . P a t . No.

4 , 3 5 0 , 7 0 8

t o

Ruiz de P a l a c i o s

t e a c h e s

a

m e t h o d o f c c e l e r t i n g t h e a g i n g o f

l i q u e u r s

b y t h e

a d d i t i o n

o f a n e x t r a c t

p r o d u c e d

from oakwood s h a v i n g s

t o

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e d u r i n g t h e a g i n g p r o c e s s . A g a i n ,

t h e

t e a c h i n g s

o f h i s

p a t e n t

do n o t

i n c l u d e

any

s u g g e s t i o n t o

add

a t r e e bark

t o

a d i s t i l l a t e during t h e m a t u r a t i o n

p r o c e s s .

US. P a t . No.

4 , 1 7 3 , 6 5 6

t o

Duggins

t e a c h e s a

method

f o r

a g i n g

l i q u o r s i m i l a r t o t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d p a t e n t s ,

w h e r e i n

p a r t i c l e s

o f c h a r r e d

oakwood

a r e added t o t h e

l i q u e u r

t o

a c c e l e r a t e

t h e a g i n g p r o c e s s . The e a c h i n g s o f

t h i s p a t e n t

f a i l

t o s u g g e s t t h e a d d i t i o n o f a t r e e bark o r

a n

a p p l e c o n c e n t r a t e t o

t h e d i s t i l l a t e d u r i n g t h e

p r o c e s s

o f

a g i n g .

U . S . P a t . N o s .

2 , 2 0 7

t o O l i v e r

a n d

6 , 1 3 0 t o

H o p k i n s

a r e o n l y g e n e r a l l y r e l a t e d t o t h e

method

o f

d i s t i l l i n g

l i q u o r s .

SUMMARY

OF THE INVENTION

The

p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n

r e l a t e s t o

an improved method

f o r

a c c e l e r a t i n g

t h e

a g i n g

o f

d i s t i l l a t e s .

The

p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n i n c l u d e s t h e f o l l o w i n g

i n t e r r e l a t e d a s p e c t s

and f e a t u r e s :

( a )

I n

a f i r s t a s p e c t , t h e

method

f o r a c c e l e r a t i n g t h e

a g i n g

o f

d i s t i l l a t e s

i n c l u d e s t h e s t e p o f

t h e

a d d i t i o n o f a

t r e e b a r k

t o

a

d i s t i l l a t e d u r i n g

t h e

a g i n g

o f

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e

i n a wooden b a r r e l .

A

r e f e r r e d

t r e e

b a r k

m a y

i n c l u d e

bark from oak t r e e s o r

t h e

bark from

willow

t r e e s . I n

a d d i t i o n t o t h e t r e e

b a r k ,

a q u a n t i t y

o f

a p p l e c o n c e n t r a t e

m ay

be added

t o

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e t o

f u r t h e r

a c c e l e r a t e

t h e

a g i n g p r o c e s s . The a d d i t i o n o f

t h e s e

components t o a n

u n r e c t i ? e d

d i s t i l l a t e

a n d

a g i n g t h i s d i s t i l l a t e

f o r a p e r i o d

o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y one y e a r h a s been

s h o w n t o

produce a

d i s t i l l a t e c o m p a r a b l e

i n

t a s t e and q u a l i t y t o a d i s t i l l a t e

t h a t h a s

b e e n

a g e d f o r a p p r o x i m a t e l y t w e l v e

y e a r s .

( b )

The

a d d i t i o n o f t h e t r e e b a r k m ay

be

done i n a

d i r e c t method whereby t h e t r e e b a r k i s

c r u s h e d

and

a d d e d d i r e c t l y

t o

t h e wooden b a r r e l

d u r i n g

t h e

a g i n g

p r o c e s s . A l t e r n a t i v e l y , an e x t r a c t o f t h e t r e e

bark

m a y

5

0

20

2 5

3 0

3 5

40

45

5 5

6 5

2

b e made

and t h e

e x t r a c t

added t o t h e d i s t i l l a t e d u r i n g

a g i n g .

( c ) The a c c e l e r a t e d

a g i n g

p r o c e s s u s i n g t h e s e

t r e e

b a r k s

may b e u t i l i z e d w i t h v a r i o u s

t y p e s

o f d i s t i l l a t e s ,

i n c l u d i n g

g r a i n d i s t i l l a t e s ,

w i n e d i s t i l l a t e s o r

f r u i t

d i s t i l

l a t e s . A d d i t i o n a l l y , t h e i n v e n t i v e p r o c e s s may b e p r a c

t i c e d

on

d i s t i l l a t e s h a v i n g no a g i n g

p e r f o r m e d

t h e r e o n

o r

d i s t i l l a t e s

t h a t

have

been ag ed

f o r

a

s h o r t

p e r i o d o f

t i m e .

A c c o r d i n g l y ,

i t

i s a ? r s t o b j e c t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n

t i o n t o p r o v i d e a n i m p r o v e d method f o r a c c e l e r a t i n g

t h e a g i n g

o f

d i s t i l l a t e s .

I t

i s

a f u r t h e r o b j e c t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n t o p r o

v i d e a method o f a g i n g o f d i s t i l l a t e s u s i n g a

t r e e

b a r k

t o

a c c e l e r a t e t h e a g i n g p r o c e s s .

I t i s

a

y e t

f u r t h e r

o b j e c t o f

t h e

p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n

t o

p r o v i d e a method wherein t h e

t r e e

b a r k

m a y be

added

d i r e c t l y t o

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e

o r m ay

be added i n d i r e c t l y t o

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e

i n

an

e x t r a c t f o r m .

I t

i s

s t i l l a

y e t f u r t h e r o b j e c t

o f

t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n

t o

p r o v i d e a method f o r a c c e l e r a t e d a g i n g o f d i s t i l l a t e s

t h a t

m ay

b e

p r a c t i c e d

upon

a

wide

v a r i e t y

o f

d i s t i l l a t e s ,

u n a g e d a n d

a g e d .

T h e s e a n d o t h e r o b j e c t s , a s p e c t s a n d

f e a t u r e s o f

t h e

p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n w i l l b e b e t t e r u n d e r s t o o d from

t h e

f o l l o w i n g s p e c i ? c d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e

p r e f e r r e d

e m b o d i

ments.

SPECIFIC

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED

EMBODIMENTS

I n

t h e d i s t i l l a t i o n p r o c e s s

o f v a r i o u s

t y p e s

o f l i q u o r s ,

a

v i t a l

s t e p t o p r o d u c e a p a l a t a b l e

p r o d u c t

i n c l u d e s t h e

a g i n g o r

m a t u r a t i o n

s t e p . I n t h i s s t e p ,

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e

i s

n o r m a l l y p u t i n t o a wooden b a r r e l

and

i s aged over a

p e r i o d

o f y e a r s

t o

p r o d u c e a s m o o t h , h i g h

q u a l i t y

d i s t i l

l a t e

t h a t

may b e c o n s u m e d .

I n t h e

p r i o r

a r t , methods

h a v e b e e n employed t o a c c e l e r a t e t h i s a g i n g p r o c e s s

b e c a u s e

o f

t h e

e x t e n d e d l e n g t h

o f

t i m e i n v o l v e d a s w e l l

a s t h e

economic

c o s t s .

I n

one

method, i t h a s been

pro

p o s e d t o a d d

oakwood s h a v i n g s o r

p a r t i c l e s

i n t o

t h e

wooden b a r r e l s

t o a c c e l e r a t e t h e

a g i n g

p r o c e s s . I t

i s

t o

t h i s t y p e o f

a c c e l e r a t i o n p r o c e s s

t h a t A p p l i c a n t ’ s i n v e n

t i o n

i s

d r a w n . A p p l i c a n t w o u l d l i k e t o i n c o r p o r a t e b y

r e f e r e n c e t h e t e a c h i n g s c o n t a i n e d i n t h e book “Chemis

t r y o f C o g n a c ” b y L a f o n ,

p u b l i s h e d

i n P a r i s b y B a i l l i e r e

i n 1 9 7 3 a n d 1 9 7 8 , w h i c h m o r e - f u l l y e x p l a i n s t h e a g i n g

p r o c e s s

o f

d i s t i l l a t e s

i n c l u d i n g t h e

s p e c i f i c

c h e m i s t r y

i n v o l v e d .

A p p l i c a n t h a s

d i s c o v e r e d t h a t t h e a g i n g

p r o c e s s f o r

d i s t i l l a t e s

m ay b e

a c c e l e r a t e d

by t h e

a d d i t i o n

o f

t h e

b a r k

of

t r e e s

t o

d i s t i l l a t e s t h a t

a r e t o

be ag ed

or

ha ve been

a g e d f o r

a s h o r t p e r i o d o f t i m e i n

wooden a r r e l s .

Addi

t i o n a l l y , A p p l i c a n t h a s d i s c o v e r e d

t h a t

t h e a g i n g p r o

c e s s i s

a c c e l e r a t e d

by

t h e

a d d i t i o n o f a n

a p p l e

c o n c e n - _

t r a t e a l o n g

w i t h

t h e

t r e e b a r k

d u r i n g t h e a g i n g

p r o c e s s .

As w i l l b e

d e s c r i b e d

h e r e i n a f t e r , t h e

a d d i t i o n

o f t r e e

b a r k

and a p p l e

c o n c e n t r a t e

t o

u n r e c t i ? e d

d i s t i l l a t e s

and

a g i n g t h e m i x t u r e

f o r a b o u t one

y e a r

r e s u l t s i n a d i s t i l

l a t e t h a t h a s t h e same

q u a l i t i e s

a s a d i s t i l l a t e t h a t h a s

b e e n a g e d i n

wooden

b a r r e l s f o r a b o u t t w e l v e y e a r s .

A r e f e r r e d

t r e e b a r k

f o r

t h e

i n v e n t i v e

p r o c e s s i n

c l u d e s bark from oak

t r e e s

or

willow

t r e e s . S i n c e most

o f

t h e a g i n g o f

d i s t i l l a t e s

i s

n o w

p e r f o r m e d i n oakwood

b a r r e l s , t h e a d d i t i o n o f o a k b a r k p r o v i d e s c o m p o n e n t s

t h a t a r e s i m i l a r t o t h e components t h a t a r e

provided

i n

t h e

a g i n g

p r o c e s s f r o m

t h e

oakwood b a r r e l s . The w i l

low b a r k

a l s o h a s s i m i l a r

components a s t h e

oakwood,

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3

w i t h a d d i t i o n a l compounds t h a t w i l l b e d e s c r i b e d h e r e

i n a f t e r .

R e g a r d i n g t h e

b a r k

f r o m o a k

t r e e s ,

A p p l i c a n t

h a s

d i s c o v e r e d

t h a t

c e r t a i n

t r e e

b a r k s p r o v i d e b e t t e r a g i n g

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t h a n o t h e r s . One t y p e o f

t r e e

b a r k u s e f u l

i n t h e a c c e l e r a t e d

a g i n g

p r o c e s s may i n c l u d e o a k b a r k

from

t h e

b r a n c h e s o f

young oak r e e s .

I t

h a s

been f o u n d

t h a t

b r a n c h e s 5 - 6 c e n t i m e t e r s

i n

t h i c k n e s s

from

2 - 4

y e a r - o l d o a k t r e e s may b e

e s p e c i a l l y

a d a p t a b l e f o r t h e

i n v e n t i v e

p r o c e s s .

I t

s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t

t h e b a r k

from

b r a n c h e s o f

young oak

t r e e s

s h o u l d be d r i e d

i n

p r e p a r a

t i o n f o r t h e

a g i n g

p r o c e s s .

I f a d r y i n g

s t e p

i s n e c e s s a r y

p r i o r t o

a d d i n g

t h e

b a r k

t o

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e ,

t h e d r y i n g

t e m p e r a t u r e s h o u l d n o t e x c e e d 1 0 0 d e g r e e s

F a h r e n h e i t .

A e c o n d t y p e o f

oak

b a r k t h a t i s a d a p t a b l e t o t h e

a g i n g p r o c e s s

m ay

i n c l u d e

t h e

b a r k from oak t r e e

t r u n k s .

T h i s

t y p e

o f b a r k

i s b e s t d e r i v e d from oa k

t r e e s

t h a t range i n age from

8 0

t o 300 y e a r s

o l d .

I t

s h o u l d be n o t e d

t h a t when

u s i n g

t r e e

b a r k from any

s o u r c e f o r t h e i n v e n t i v e a c c e l e r a t e d a g i n g

p r o c e s s , b a r k

h a v i n g a

c o n t a m i n a t i o n ,

mildew o r s i g n s o r ‘ d e c a y

s h o u l d n o t

b e

u s e d .

I n

comparing

b a r k s

from

oakwood

t r e e s , i t h a s been s h o w n t h a t w he n a

s o l u t i o n

h a s been

p r e p a r e d f r o m c r u s h e d b a r k , t h e

s o l u t i o n s

d e r i v e d f r o m

b a r k c o n t a i n i n g e v i d e n c e o f d e c a y , mildew o r l i g n i ? c a

t i o n

had

a

p e r c e p t a b l e b i t t e r n e s s i n

t a s t e a s compared

t o

s o l u t i o n s

d e r i v e d

from b a r k w i t h o u t s u c h

t y p e s

o f

con

t a m i n a t i o n .

C o n c e r n i n g t h e a d d i t i o n o f t h e

a p p l e c o n c e n t r a t e

t o

t h e d i s t i l l a t e

d u r i n g

t h e

a g i n g p r o c e s s ,

t h e

a p p l e

c o n c e n

t r a t e m a y be d e r i v e d from c o n v e n t i o n a l methods t h a t

a r e w e l l k n o w n i n t h e a r t , such

methods

n o t i n t e n d e d t o

b e a n

a s p e c t

o f

t h e p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n . A

r e f e r r e d

a p p l e

t o be used a s a source

f o r

t h e app le concentrate may

i n c l u d e s o u r

a p p l e s .

I n p a r t i c u l a r ,

a

s o u r

a p p l e v a r i e t y

c u l t i v a t e d

i n

P o l a n d , i . e . ,

“ A n t o n o w k a ” ,

h a s

b e e n

u t i

l i z e d i n t h e a g i n g p r o c e s s . Of o u r s e ,

o t h e r s o u r

a p p l e s

such a s G r a n n y Smith or McIntosh

may

be us ed a s t h e

s o u r c e

o f t h e

a p p l e c o n c e n t r a t e .

The

a d d i t i o n o f

t h e

a p p l e c o n c e n t r a t e t o t h e d i s t i l l a t e

d u r i n g t h e a g i n g p r o c e s s i n t r o d u c e s t h e a p p l e

a c i d

which i s s i m i l a r t o

t h e t y p e

p r e s e n t i n oak

t r e e s

and

oakwood

a n d w h i c h

a s s i s t s i n

r e s p i r a t i o n

d u r i n g t h e

a g i n g p r o c e s s. T y p i c a l l y ,

1 0 0

g r a m s

o f a p p l e j u i c e c o n

.

t a i n s approximately 8 8 t o 90

g r a m s

of water with

t h e

r e m a i n i n g

e x t r a c t ( m a s s ) c o n t a i n i n g

t h e s u g a r s ,

a c i d s ,

s o l i d s , e t c . f r o m t h e a p p l e j u i c e . I n t h e i n v e n t i v e p r o

c e s s ,

normal

a p p l e j u i c e

i s n o t s u f f i c i e n t i n c o n c e n t r a

t i o n t o p r o d u c e t h e

d e s i r e d

a p p l e a c i d s n e c e s s a r y t o

r e n d e r t h e

a d d i t i o n

o f

a p p l e c o n c e n t r a t e

t o

t h e p r o c e s s

e f f e c t i v e . A r e f e r r e d

c o n c e n t r a t i o n

o f t h e a p p l e

j u i c e

f o r a d d i t i o n t o

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e r a n g e s from a b o u t 65-68%

by w e i g h t , i . e . , 6 8

g r a m s

o f e x t r a c t

p e r

1 0 0 grams o f

c o n c e n t r a t e

or

about s i x t i m e s t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n

of

a

t y p i c a l a p p l e j u i c e .

A p p l e c o n c e n t r a t e s

h a v i n g t h i s p e r

c e n t a g e

b y w e i g h t c o n t a i n a b o u t a t l e a s t 4% y w e i g h t

o f

a c i d

c o n t e n t .

T h i s

amount o f a p p l e

a c i d

c o r r e s p o n d s

g e n e r a l l y

t o

t h e amount o f a c i d formed i n

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e s

made

by t h e

t r a d i t i o n a l

a g i n g o f d i s t i l l a t e s i n

b a r r e l

h a v i n g a

c a p a c i t y

o f 2 5 0 - 5 0 0 l i t e r s w i t h i n l 0 - l 2 y e a r s .

Apple c o n c e n t r a t e a l s o i n t r o d u c e s i n t o

t h e s p i r i t s

a

s u g a r ,

i . e . ,

f r u c t o s e ,

which i s one o f t h e main s u g a r s

f o u n d

i n a g e d

s p i r i t s . I t s h o u l d

b e

n o t e d t h a t one k i l l e d

i n t h e a r t c o u l d r e a d i l y o b t a i n t h e p r e f e r re d c o n c e n t r a

t i o n

o f a p p l e

j u i c e

b y

m e r e l y

c o n c e n t r a t i n g o r

d i l u t i n g

a n

a p p l e

j u i c e

c o n c e n t r a t e

o f

any

k n o w n

c o n c e n t r a t i o n .

The amount o f a p p l e j u i c e c o n c e n t r a t e added t o t h e

d i s t i l l a t e s m a y v a r y , b u t a p r e f e r r e d a m ount r a n g e s up

20

2 5

3 0

3 5

40

4 5

50

5 5

6 5

4

t o

a b o u t 2 l i t e r s o f a p p l e j u i c e c o n c e n t r a t e p e r

l i t e r

o f

d i s t i l l a t e t o

b e

a g e d .

I n

t h e

a c t u a l a g i n g p r o c e s s , t h e t r e e

b a r k

a n d a p p l e

c o n c e n t r a t e m a y be added i n d i f f e r e n t ways. I n

a

f i r s t

m e t h o d , t h e

t r e e

b a r k m ay b e c r u s h e d

and added

d i

r e c t l y t o

t h e

b a r r e l w i t h t h e

a p p l e

c o n c e n t r a t e . The

crushed

t r e e

bark

m a y be p l a c e d i n

a

f a b r i c

such

a s

c h i f f o n

o r g a u z e

and

t h e n p u t

i n t o

t h e

b a r r e l .

I n

t h i s

m e t h o d , t h e c o n t a c t between t h e d i s t i l l a t e and t h e w o od

b a r r e l s h o u l d be

a t

l e a s t

a b o u t 20 cm2 o f

wood

b a r r e l

s u r f a c e

a r e a

t o l i t e r

of

i s t i l l a t e .

I f t h e a r e a o f

c o n t a c t

i s

l e s s t h a n 2 0

c m z / l ,

i t i s n e c e s s a r y

t o

p l a c e i n

t h e b a r r e l

a n

a p p r o p r i a t e

amount o f p i e c e s o f oak wood t a k e n

from

o l d b a r r e ls t h a t a r e

n o

l o n g e r

u s e d f o r a g i n g .

I n

t h e

second metho d, an e x t r a c t o f t h e

t r e e

bark m a y

be

pro duced and

t h e t h e n

formed

e x t r a c t

added t o

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e f o r t h e a g i n g p r o c e s s . The

e x t r a c t may

b e

made i n t h e f o l l o w i n g m a n n e r . A

e c t i ? e d

r y e s p i r i t

o r

u n r e c t i ? e d s p i r i t f o r

t h e

p r o d u c t i o n

o f

w h i s k e y o r

w i n e

d i s t i l l a t e

o f s t r e n g t h 47% by

v o l u m e o f a l c o h o l - 9 4

p r o o f i n a

q u a n t i t y

o f a b o u t 7 0 0 l i t e r s s h o u l d

b e

u s e d

t o

i n f u s e

1 0 0

kg

o f

t h e

c r u s h e d

oak

b a r k .

The

m i x t u r e

s h o u l d t h e n

be s t i r r e d

o r

t h e d i s t i l l a t e

s h o u l d

c i r c u l a t e

t h r o u g h t h e b a r k f o r

7 h o u r s a

d a y .

A f t e r s i x

d a y s ,

t h i s

? r s t e x t r a c t s h o u l d be

poured i n t o

an o akw o od v a t .

The

same c r u s h e d

oak b a r k

s h o u l d t h e n be a g a i n

i n f u s e d

w i t h

s p i r i t

o r wine

d i s t i l l a t e

i n

t h e q u a n t i t y

o f 4 5 0 l i t e r s

o f

s t r e n g t h ,

70% v o l u m e

a l c o h o l — l 4 0

p r o o f . T h i s m i x

t u r e should then be s t i r r e d

or

c i r c u l a t e d a s d e s c r i b e d

above f o r 7 h o u r s a

d a y .

A f t e r 1 4 d a y s , t h i s s e c o n d

e x t r a c t s h o u l d be pou red

i n t o

t h e

oakwood

v a t and

mixed

with t h e f i r s t e x t r a c t . T h i s

p r o c e s s

s h o u l d

y i e l d

a

t o t a l o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 , 0 0 0 l i t e r s o f e x t r a c t

h a v i n g

a

s t r e n g t h

o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y

55%

v o l u m e a l c o h o l - - 1 l 0

p r o o f .

I n m a k i n g t h i s e x t r a c t , r e c t i ? e d p o t a t o o r g r a i n

s p i r i t s m a y

be u s e d

a s

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e .

A f t e r

t h e

e x t r a c t

h a s

been made,

i t m ay b e

s t o r e d i n oakwood

v e s s e l s

t o

i m p r o v e

t h e

q u a l i t y .

I n t h e method

o f

u s i n g an e x t r a c t

i n

t h e a g i n g

p r o c e s s ,

a s u r f a c e

a r e a c o n t a c t of

about

60

cm2

of

wood

a r r e l

s u r f a c e

a r e a p e r l i t e r

o f d i s t i l l a t e

b e i n g a g e d s h o u l d b e

m a i n t a i n e d .

I n

t h e method o f u s i n g an

e x t r a c t ,

o l d

oak

wood b a r r e l s ( p r e v i o u s l y

u s e d )

m u s t

b e

u s e d .

T h i s

method i s u s e d n o r m a l l y when

t h e

b a r r e l

c a p a c i t y

f o r

t h e a g i n g

p r o c e s s

i s l e s s t h a n 5 0 0 l i t e r s . When l a r g e r

b a r r e l s

a r e

u s e d , t h e

d i r e c t

method u s i n g a crushed

oak

b a r k a d d i t i o n t o t h e d i s t i l l a t e i s p r e f e r r e d .

The

method o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n may

b e

p r a c

t i c e d on i s t i l l a t e s s u c h

a s

u n r e c t i ? e d g r a i n s p i r i t s

made

o f r y e o r

b a r l e y , wine d i s t i l l a t e s ,

o r

f r u i t d i s t i l l a t e s .

F u r t h e r m o r e ,

t h e a c c e l e r a t e d a g i n g

p r o c e s s may b e

p r a c t i c e d o n u n r e c t i ? e d

f r e s h d i s t i l l a t e s

o r

d i s t i l l a t e s

t h a t

have b e e n aged

t w o , t h r e e o r f i v e

y e a r s .

I n

e i t h e r

c a s e , t h e a c c e l e r a t e d a g i n g

p r o c e s s p r o d u c e s a n end

p r o d u c t

c o m p a r a b l e t o

p r o d u c t s a g e d some

t e n t o

t w e l v e y e a r s w i t h o n l y a p p r o x i m a t e l y t h r e e months t o

a b o u t

one

y e a r o f a g i n g .

I n t h e

a c t u a l

p r o c e s s

o f m a t u r i n g o r a g i n g d i s t i l l a t e s ,

t h e d i s t i l l a t e s e x t r a c t

from t h e oakwood

b a r r e l s

t a n n i n g

a g e n t s , l i g n i n s a n d

h e m i c e l l u l o s e .

T y p i c a l l y ,

t h e

d r y

oakwood

would c o n t a i n a b o u t 45%

c e l l u l o s e ,

25%

h e m i c e l l u l o s e ,

a b o u t 23% l i g n i n ,

a n d

up t o a b o u t 15%

e x t r a c t s u b s t a n c e s w i t h t a n n i n g a g e n t s .

On

t h e o t h e r

h a n d ,

t h e

oak

b a r k

may

c o n t a i n

up t o

a b o u t

20%

c e l l u

l o s e ,

up t o a b o u t 17.5% h e m i c e l l u l o s e , up t o a b o u t

49%

l i g n i n ,

and up t o a b o u t 30% e x t r a c t s u b s t a n c e s

w i t h

t a n n i n g

a g e n t s .

When c o m p a r i n g

t h e oakwood t o

t h e

o a k

b a r k , i t

i s

a p p a r e n t t h a t t h e oak b a r k

may

h a v e

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5

n e a r l y t w i c e

t h e c o n t e n t

o f

t a n n i n g

a g e n t s , l i g n i n a n d

e x t r a c t

s u b s t a n c e s .

To

d e m o n s t r a t e

t h i s d i f f e r e n c e , t h e

same

method

o f producing an

e x t r a c t

of

oak

bark

w a s

u s e d f o r

b o t h oakwood c h i p s

a n d c r u s h e d o a k b a r k .

A f t e r e v a p o r a t i n g t h e e x t r a c t f r o m t h e oakwood c h i p s ,

a

d r y

m a s s o f 3 . 6 8 1

g / l

was o b t a i n e d

a n d

e v a p o r a t i n g

t h e

e x t r a c t

d e r i v e d

from t h e

oak

b a r k ,

a

d r y mass o f

7 . 3 9 7 5 g / l

was

o b t a i n e d . A d d i t i o n a l l y , t h e

oakwood

e x t r a c t c o n t a i n e d

2 . 2 g / l

o f t a n n i n g a g e n t s , w h e r e a s t h e

o a k

b a r k e x t r a c t c o n t a i n e d 4 . 4 5 g / l o f t a n n i n g

a g e n t s .

As

can

be s e e n from t h i s

c o m p a r i s o n ,

t h e oak

bark

e x

t r a c t

i s s e e n t o

c o n t a i n

t w i c e

t h e

amount

o f

t a n n i n g

a g e n t s

and

dry

mass a s t h e oak t r e e

e x t r a c t .

D u r i n g t h e m a t u r a t i o n

p r o c e s s ,

t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f

t h e t a n n i n g a g e n t s , l i g n i n

a n d f a t t y a c i d s

i n t h e d i s t i l l a t e

p r o d u c e

c o m p o u n d s w h i c h g i v e t h e d i s t i l l a t e t h e b o u

q u e t n e c e s s a r y t o p r o d u c e

a

h i g h q u a l i t y p r o d u c t . T h i s

t r a n s f o r m a t i o n i s a i d e d

b y m o l d s a n d f u n g i t h a t

o r i g i

n a t e o n t h e o a k w o od b a r r e l s o r

t h e

oak b a r k . The same

k i n d

o f mildew found

o n t h e

oakwood b a r r e l s

i s p r e s e n t

on t h e oak b a r k .

The

enzymes a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h i s m i l

p a

5

dew

r e t a i n

p a r t

o f

t h e i r a c t i v i t y

even

w he n

t h e a l c o h o l

c o n t e n t

o f

1 4 0

p r o o f d i s t i l l a t e i s

u s e d

d u r i n g t h e a g i n g

p r o c e s s .

R e g a r d i n g

t h e t a n n i n g a g e n t s

f o u n d i n

oakwood

a n d

o a k

b a r k ,

t h e s e

t a n n i n s i n c l u d e t h e t a n n i n s o f a l l i c a c i d ,

c a t e c h o l a c i d , e t c . T h i s

i s

a n i n d e ? n i t e

group o f

t a n n i n g

a g e n t s

c o n t a i n i n g

g a l l o t a n n i n s a n d f l o b o t a n n i n s a s

w e l l

a s

p r o d u c t s o f

t h e i r d e c a y . A m o n g

t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c

n o n - t a n n i c

c o m p o n e n t s

a s s o c i a t e d

w i t h t h e a g i n g

p r o

c e s s

t h e r e

i s f o u n d c y c l i c a l c o h o l - q u e r c i t a n d

q u e r c i t r o n

b e l o n g i n g t o

t h e

t y p e

o f

V i t a m i n P .

T h e s e compounds

may

b e f o u n d i n

s p i r i t s t h a t h a v e

b e e n

a g e d

i n

oakwood

b a r r e l s f o r many

y e a r s . Comparing

t h e oakwood t o t h e

oak b a r k , t h e

oakwood

g e n e r a l l y c o n t a i n s

more

c o m

p l e x

c o m p o u n d s .

F o r

e x a m p l e ,

i n

o a k

b a r k

t h e r e

i s

g a l

l i c a c i d , a n d i n

oakwood

t h e r e

i s

m - 2 - g a l l i c

a c i d .

The

m - 2 - g a l l i c a c i d i s o f a t a n n i n t y p e

w i t h i t s

e s t e r s and

g l i c o s i d e s

b e i n g s t r i n g e n t a n d

b i t t e r t a s t i n g

s u b s t a n c e s .

O n l y h y d r o l y s i s a n d o x i d a t i o n o f m - 2 - g a l l i c a c i d g i v e s

t h e

g a l l i c a c i d which h a s a

g e n t l e a n d p l e a s a n t t a s t e .

D u r i n g

many

y e a r s

o f s e a s o n i n g o f

oakwood

i n

t h e

o p e n a i r , t h e m - 2 - g a l l i c a c i d d i v i d e s i t s e l f i n t o two

a r t i

c l e s o f a l l i c a c i d by t h e

e n z y m e s

e m i t t e d by t h e v a r i o u s

mildews a s s o c i a t e d with t h e oakwood

o r

b a r k , i . e . ,

a s

p e r q u l i s n i g e r .

The

f a c t t h a t t h e s i m p l e r c o m p o u n d s

a l r e a d y e x i s t

i n t h e o a k b a r k

r e d u c e s

i n t i m e t h e l e n g t h y

a g i n g p r o c e s s f o r d i s t i l l a t e s i n o a k w o o d , w h e r e i n t h e

more complex compounds f o u n d i n oak t r e e s must b e

b r o k e n

down

b y

o x i d a t i o n

a n d

h y d r o l y s i s .

F u r t h e r m o r e ,

t h e

l i g n i n

t h a t

o c c u r s i n

oak

b a r k i s

a l s o

i n

s i m p l e r f r a g m e n t s t h a n

t h e

oakwood

l i g n i n . The

p r o d u c t s

o f t h e d e g r a d a t i o n

o f t h e

oakwood l i g n i n a r e

formed i n a

b i o c h e m i c a l

w ay

o n t h e o u t e r

s u r f a c e of

h e

b a r r e l w h i c h t h e n p e n e t r a t e t h r o u g h t h e l a y e r s o f w o o d ,

w h e r e i n

t h e y e n c o u n t e r t h e s p i r i t

c o m p o u n d s . The c o n

t e n t o f t h e

l i g n i n i n

t h e o a k a n d w i l l o w

b a r k i s a p p r o x i

m a t e l y

t w i c e t h a t which i s

c o n t a i n e d i n

t h e o a k w o o d .

D u r i n g t h e

s p i r i t

a g i n g p r o c e s s , t h e l i g n i n

g i v e s

o f f

a r o m a t i c compounds o f t h e v a n i l l i n t y p e .

I n c o m p a r i n g

t h e

d i f f e r e n t amounts o f l i g n i n ,

an

oakwood s a w d u s t

w a s

s u b j e c t

t o an e x t r a c t i o n with

10 0%

a l c o h o l and w a s

s e e n t o

g i v e

o f f i g n i n

a r o m a t i c compounds o f t h e

v a n i l

l i n

t y p e

a n d

v a n i l l i n

i t s e l f

a f t e r

f o u r

y e a r s .

I n

c o m p a r i

s o n ,

an e x t r a c t b a s e d up on crushed

oak

bark from t h e

b r a n c h e s o f

t w o - t o - f o u r - y e a r - o l d o a k t r e e s

u s i n g

a l c o

h o l o f 95% c o n c e n t r a t i o n c a u s e d t h e f o r m a t i o n o f

i g n i n

a r o m a t i c

compounds

o f

t h e

v a n i l l i n t y p e a f t e r o n l y two

2 5

30

40

4 5

50

5 5

6 5

6

m o n t h s . An x t r a c t b a s e d up on t h e c r u s h e d oak b a r k

from

a

t r e e t r u n k u s i n g

95%

a l c o h o l c a u s e d t h e forma

t i o n

o f l i g n i n a r o m a t i c

c o m p o u n d s

o n l y a f t e r t e n

d a y s .

R e g a r d i n g

t h e f a t t y a c i d s ,

t h e f a t t y a c i d s

w h i c h a r e

n o r m a l l y

c o n t a i n e d i n

t h e d i s t i l l a t e ,

C5—C14

a s w e l l a s

t h e i r e s t e r s ,

a r e

n o r m a l l y t r a n s f o r m e d by mildew e n

zymes i n t o

k e t o n e s .

I t i s l i k e l y

t h a t

t h e k e t o n e s

s h a l l

occur

t o

a

l a r g e r e x t e n t

and

more

q u i c k l y

t h r o u g h a g i n g

i n d i s t i l l a t e s w i t h

t h e a d d i t i o n

o f

o a k b a r k

a n d a p p l e

c o n c e n t r a t e s

d u e t o

t h e

a c t i o n

o f

t h e

a l r e a d y e x i s t i n g

o x i d i z e d compounds a n d

e n z y m e s

t o w a r d t h e e x i s t i n g

m a i n

f a t t y

a c i d s . T h i s a c c e l e r a t i o n i n t h e a g i n g p r o c e s s

h a s b e e n c o n ? r m e d b y p r a c t i c a l

a p p l i c a t i o n , w h e r e i n

t h e

a c c e l e r a t e d a g i n g

p r o c e s s o f

t h e p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n

h a s

s h o w n t h e

same t r a n s f o r m a t i o n

o f t h e f a t t y

a c i d s

a f t e r o n l y one y e a r

a s compared t o t h e t r a d i t i o n a l

a g i n g

p r o c e s s o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y t w e l v e y e a r s . As i s

a p p a r e n t ,

t h e i n c r e a s e d

l i g n i n amount f o u n d i n

t h e oak

b a r k

con

t r i b u t e s

t o

t h e

q u i c k e r f o r m a t i o n

o f t h e

a r o m a t i c

v a n i l

l i n

compounds

t h a t c o n t r i b u t e

t o

t h e

enhancement o f

t h e ? a v o r

o f

t h e d i s t i l l a t e .

S e v e r a l

e x p e r i m e n t s

h a v e

b e e n c o n d u c t e d

s h o w i n g

t h e c o m p a r i s o n s b e t w e e n d i s t i l l a t e s a g e d

a c c o r d i n g

t o

t h e i m p r o v e d a c c e l e r a t e d a g i n g

p r o c e s s a s

compared

t o

d i s t i l l a t e s a g e d

i n oakwood b a r r e l s a c c o r d i n g t o

p r i o r

a r t m e t h o d s .

The ? r s t

s e r i e s o f e x p e r i m e n t s u s e d o a k

b a r k

d e r i v e d from 5 - 6 c m

t h i c k

b r a n c h e s

o f 2 - 4 - y e a r

o l d

o a k t r e e s .

U s i n g

t h e d i r e c t a d d i t i o n m e t h o d , 8 . 5

kg

o f h i s oak b a r k was mixed w i t h

1 , 0 0 0

l i t e r s o f 1 4 0 p r o o f

d i s t i l l a t e and 2

l i t e r s o f

a p p l e

j u i c e h a v i n g

a

mass

con

c e n t r a t i o n

o f 68%

by

w e i g h t . The c o n t a c t o f t h e d i s t i l

l a t e i n t h e wood

b a r r e l was a p p r o x i m a t e l y

2 0

c m z / l .

T h i s e x p e r i m e n t e m p l o y e d u n r e c t i ? e d r y e s p i r i t , t h e

s a m e s p i r i t t h a t

was

u s e d d u r i n g a g i n g

i n

o a k b a r r e l s

h a v i n g a c a p a c i t y o f 250-500

l i t e r s

a t

an

a v e r a g e

tem

p e r a t u r e

o f

a p p r o x i m a t e l y

5 7 ° F .

The

s a m p l e s

a c c o r d

i n g

t o

t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i v e method h a d u n d e r g o n e

a p p r o x i m a t e l y one y e a r o f

a g i n g

a t a

t e m p e r a t u r e

o f

a p p r o x i m a t e l y ' 6 8 ‘ F . a n d

t h e

o r g a n o l e p t i c

e s t i m a t i o n

showed t h a t

t h i s method w a s

e q u i v a l e n t t o

t h e

e f f e c t

o f

a g i n g

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e f o r t w e l v e

y e a r s

i n

2 5 0 - 5 0 0 l i t e r

b a r r e l s a t an

a v e r a g e a n n u a l t e m p e r a t u r e o f 5 7 °

F . The

t a s t e o f t h e s a m p l e s from

t h e i n v e n t i v e method

wa s

b e t t e r t h a n t h a t o f t h e 1 2 - y e a r - o l d a g e d d i s t i l l a t e .

I n t h e

l 2 - y e a r - o l d a g e d i s t i l l a t e ,

t h e odor

o f

e t h y l a c e t a t e e s t e r

a n d a c e t i c a l d e h y d e

was

p r e d o m i n a t i n g . The

s a m p l e s o f

t h e i n v e n t i v e

p r o c e s s were

more abundant i n

l e s s

v o l a

t i l e o d o r s due t o t h e oak b a r k . The

p h y s i c a l

an d chemi

c a l p r o p e r t i e s ,

i . e . ,

a c i d c o n t e n t , c o n t e n t

o f

d r y

m a s s ,

s u g a r s

and

o t h e r s ,

c o r r e s p o n d s

t o

a b o u t

1 4

t o

2 0

y e a r s

o f aged

d i s t i l l a t e i n

o akw o od b a r r e l s a t an a v e r a g e

tem

perature o f 5 7 °

F.

U s i n g

t h e

same oak b a r k , and t h e i n d i r e c t method

o f

t h e

i n v e n t i v e p r o c e s s , a p p r o x i m a t e l y

9 5 - 1 0 0 l i t e r s

o f

oak b a r k e x t r a c t

s h o u l d

be

mixed

w i t h

1 , 0 0 0

l i t e r s

o f

d i s t i l l a t e and 2 l i t e r s

o f

a p p l e c o n c e n t r a t e w i t h t h e same

c o n c e n t r a t i o n

a s a f o r e m e n t i o n e d . The a g i n g o f t h i s

m i x t u r e

s h o u l d be c a r r i e d

o u t

i n o l d oakwood b a r r e l s o f

250-500 i t e r c a p a c i t y f o r a p p r o x i m a t e l y

one y e a r a t an

a n n u a l a v e r a g e t e m p e r a t ur e o f

6 8 ° F . The

u a l i t y o f h i s

a g e d

d i s t i l l a t e

s h o u l d b e

e q u i v a l e n t

t o t h a t o f a

d i s t i l l a t e

a g e d c o n v e n t i o n a l l y f o r 1 2 y e a r s .

The

i n v e n t i v e method u s i n g t h e

same

t y p e o f o a k

b a r k

was

a l s o

u t i l i z e d

w i t h 1 2 0 - 1 4 0 p r o o f

d i s t i l l a t e s

which

were

two

y e a r s ,

t h r e e

y e a r s , and

?ve y e a r s o l d .

The a d d i t i o n o f 6 0 l i t e r s t o Z - y e a r - o l d d i s t i l l a t e , 5 0 l i t e r s

t o

3 - y e a r - o l d d i s t i l l a t e , a n d 4 0 l i t e r s t o S - y e a r - o l d

d i s t i l

l a t e o f t h e

oak

b a r k e x t r a c t and

2

l i t e r s o f

a p p l e

concen

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4 , 9 5 6 , 1 9 4

7

t r a t e t o

1 , 0 0 0

l i t e r s o f

t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d

d i s t i l l a t e pro

duced a r e a d y p r o d u c t a f t e r o n l y t h r e e months o f s e a

s o n i n g .

I n

t h i s

m e t h o d ,

w h i s k e y , b r a n d y , c a l v a d o s , o r

n a t u r a l p l u m - v o d k a

t y p e s

may

b e u s e d .

A d d i t i o n a l l y ,

t h e c o l o r m ay be c o r r e c t e d

by

t h e

u s e

o f c a r a m e l and

t h e s m e l l

may b e

s t r e n g t h e n e d

b y a d d i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y

0 . 5 l i t e r s

o f

v a n i l l a e x t r a c t

which

c o n t a i n s 0 . 0 5

kg o f

v a n i l l a

p e r

l i t e r

f o r

e v e r y

1 , 0 0 0

l i t e r s

o f

d i s t i l l a t e .

As i s

w e l l k n ow n

i n t h e a r t , t h e

c o l o r and

s m e l l o f

d i s t i l l a t e s may b e a l t e r e d ,

i f

n e c e s s a r y ,

by a d d i n g c a r a

mel and

a

v a n i l l a e x t r a c t . The

method o f making o f

v a n i l l a

e x t r a c t i s w e l l k n o w n

n

t h e

a r t and s n o t c o n s i d

e r e d

a n a s p e c t

o f

t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n .

U s i n g

t h e p r e s

e n t i n v e n t i v e p r o c e s s , i t i s p o s s i b l e t o a v o i d t h e a d d i t i o n

o f t h e s e compounds t o d i s t i l l a t e s and s t i l l produce a

h i g h

q u a l i t y

d i s t i l l a t e .

U s i n g t h e o a k b a r k f r o m 8 0 - 3 0 0 - y e a r - o l d o a k t r e e

t r u n k s , a n d t h e d i r e c t a d d i t i o n

m e t h o d ,

o n l y a p p r o x i

m a t e l y 5

k g

o f c r u s h e d o a k b a r k

a n d

2 l i t e r s o f a p p l e

c o n c e n t r a t e

f o r

e v e r y

1 , 0 0 0 l i t e r s

o f 1 4 0

p r o o f i s t i l l a t e s

a r e n e e d e d . Using

a

c o n t a c t

with

t h e w o od

of

20

cm2

p e r

l i t e r ,

t h e

d i s t i l l a t e

i s

s t i r r e d

s e v e r a l t i m e s

d u r i n g

t h e

a p p r o x i m a t e l y

o n e

y e a r

s e a s o n i n g

p e r i o d . A f t e r t h e

o n e - y e a r a g i n g p e r i o d , t h e d i s t i l l a t e i s c o m p a r a b l e t o

d i s t i l l a t e a g e d

f o r

a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 2 y e a r s .

U s i n g t h e

i n d i r e c t

method

a n d

t h e

o a k

b a r k

f r o m

t h e

8 0 - 3 0 0 - y e a r - o l d o a k

t r e e s , 4 5

l i t e r s

o f

o a k

b a r k

e x t r a c t

and 2 l i t e r s o f a p p l e c o n c e n t r a t e a r e added

t o 1 , 0 0 0

l i t e r s

o f

1 2 0

p r o o f

p i r i t . A f t e r

one

y e a r o f a g i n g

a t a n

a n n u a l

a v e r a g e

t e m p e r a t u r e o f 6 8 ° F . i n

o l d

b a r r e l s h a v i n g a

c a p a c i t y

o f

2 5 0 - 5 0 0 l i t e r s , t h e

d i s t i l l a t e

o b t a i n e d

i s

c o m

p a r a b l e

t o

d i s t i l l a t e s

a g e d f o r a p p r o x i m a t e l y

1 2 y e a r s .

Using

t h e same oak b a r k a s d e s c r i b e d

a b o v e ,

i . e .

8 0 - 3 0 0 - y e a r - o l d o a k t r e e s ,

b a r k e x t r a c t s o f amounts 2 0 ,

2 5 and 3 0 l i t e r s and 2

l i t e r s

o f a p p l e c o n c e n t r a t e were

a d d e d

t o 1 , 0 0 0

l i t e r s

o f

5 - y e a r ,

3 - y e a r

a n d

2 - y e a r - o l d

1 2 0 - 1 4 0

p r o o f

d i s t i l l a t e s , r e s p e c t i v e l y . A f t e r t h r e e

months o f s e a s o n i n g , t h e r e

s h o u l d

b e o b t a i n e d a p r o d u c t

o f d i s t i l l a t e c o m p a r a b l e i n q u a l i t y

t o

t h a t

o f

d i s t i l l a t e s

a g e d f o r 1 2 y e a r s .

I n

a

f u r t h e r mode,

t h e b a r k o f

willow t r e e s

which

were about 50 y e a r s o l d w a s u s e d .

The willow bark

s h o u l d be t a k e n from

t r e e

t r u n k lower p a r t s , 2 - 3 cm

t h i c k .

I n t h e

d i r e c t m e t h o d , u t i l i z i n g a w o od s u r f a c e

c o n t a c t o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 0 c m z / l , a p p r o x i m a t e l y 9 k g

o f

t h e c r u s h e d

w i l l o w t r e e

b a r k , a n d

2

l i t e r s

o f

t h e a p p l e

j u i c e

c o n c e n t r a t e

o f

68%

by w e i g h t m a s s

c o n c e n t r a t i o n

were

added

t o 1 , 0 0 0 l i t e r s o f

1 4 0

p r o o f d i s t i l l a t e .

The

d i s t i l l a t e with t h e will ow bark mixed t h e r e i n was s t i r r e d

s e v e r a l t i m e s

d u r i n g

t h e

o n e

y e a r o f a g i n g

p e r i o d .

A f t e r

one

y e a r

o f

a g i n g

a t a

t e m p e r a t u r e

o f

a p p r o x i m a t e l y

6 8 °

F . ,

t h e

o b t a i n e d d i s t i l l a t e

w a s e q u i v a l e n t

t o

a

d i s t i l l a t e

a g e d

f o r 1 2 y e a r s .

I n u s i n g

t h e

i n d i r e c t

m e t h o d , a

willow b a r k e x t r a c t

w a s

made a s

d e s c r i b e d h e r e i n a b o v e ,

and

a p p r o x i m a t e l y

1 0 0 l i t e r s o f e x t r a c t and

2

l i t e r s o f

a p p l e

c o n c e n t r a t e

were

added t o

1 , 0 0 0 l i t e r s o f

1 2 0

p r o o f

d i s t i l l a t e . A f t e r

one

y e a r

o f a g i n g a t a t e m p e r a t u r e o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 8 °

F . i n

o l d

b a r r e l s h a v i n g

a c a p a c i t y

o f 2 5 0 - 5 0 0 l i t e r s ,

t h e

o b t a i n e d d i s t i l l a t e

w a s

comparable t o a d i s t i l l a t e aged

f o r

1 2 y e a r s . A illow

bark

e x t r a c t

w a s added

i n

amounts o f 5 0 , 6 0

and

7 0 l i t e r s o f e x t r a c t a l o n g w i t h 2

l i t e r s

o f

a p p l e c o n c e n t r a t e

t o

1 , 0 0 0 l i t e r s

o f

5 - y e a r - o l d ,

3 - y e a r - o l d ,

a n d

2 - y e a r - o l d d i s t i l l a t e s r e s p e c t i v e l y .

A f t e r

3 months o f s e a s o n i n g , a r e a d y p r o d u c t

o f

d i s t i l l a t e was

o b t a i n e d .

The

s p e c i ? e d

q u a n t i t i e s

o f

o a k b a r k a n d w i l l o w b a r k

a r e g e n e r a l l y c o n s i d e r e d t o b e optimum v a l u e s f o r t h e

2 5

3 0

5 0

5 5

6 0

6 5

8

r a w m a t e r i a l s a s o b t a i n e d

from

t r e e s g r o w n i n Poland.

Oakwood from o a k t r e e s

grow n i n

P o l a n d

i s

o f

l i g h t

c o l o r . There

may

occur s o me s m a l l d i f f e r e n c e s while

u s i n g o a k b a r k f r o m t r e e s grow n i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ,

b u t w i t h

t h e

s u g g e s t e d

a m o u n t s , t h e e f f e c t s

s h o u l d n o t

b e s i g n i ? c a n t t o c h a n g e t h e r e s u l t s a s

d e s c r i b e d h e r e i n

a b o v e .

One o f t h e a d v a n t a g e s o f an

a c c e l e r a t e d m a t u r a t i o n

p r o c e s s

i s

t h e b e n e ? t

i n

t h e

e c o n o m i c s

a s s o c i a t e d w i t h

t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f t h e d i s t i l l a t e . D u r i n g t h e m a t u r a t i o n

p r o c e s s ,

t h e s t r e n g t h

and

volume

o f

t h e d i s t i l l a t e a r e

d i m i n i s h e d . The l o s s e s f o r a

y e a r

g e n e r a l l y

r a n g e

i n

t h e

a m o u n t s o f 1%

f

s t r e n g t h and 3%

f

v o l u m e . Conse

q u e n t l y ,

a d i s t i l l a t e t h a t i s aged

f o r 1 0 y e a r s would

have

a s i g n i ? c a n t amount o f l o s s o f s t r e n g t h and v o l u m e .

These

l o s s e s

a r e r e ? e c t e d i n t h e p r i c e o f t h e a s - p r o

d u c e d p r o d u c t . With t h e a c c e l e r a t e d a g i n g p r o c e s s ,

t h e s e l o s s e s i n s t r e n g t h a n d volume

a r e g r e a t l y

r e d u c e d ,

a n d

c o n s e q u e n t l y r e ? e c t i n a

f a v o r a b l e

economic f f e c t .

A d d i t i o n a l l y ,

t h e

d e c r e a s e d a g i n g t i m e

a l s o

r e s u l t s i n

l e s s s e d i m e n t s i n t h e

f o r m o f

p r e c i p i t a t e d

i r o n

a n d cop

p e r

b e c a u s e t h e t a n n i n g a g e n t s a r e a l r e a d y i n o x i d i z e d

f o r m p r i o r

t o t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e a g i n g p r o c e s s .

I t

s h o u l d

a l s o be

n o t e d

t h a t t h e t r e e

b a r k d o e s n o t

c o n t a i n any compounds

t h a t

a r e hazardous t o

h u m a n

h e a l t h . I n f a c t , oak

b a r k

h a s b e e n

u s e d

t o b a k e

b r e a d

and

a s

a s o u r c e

of

e a i n p a s t

y e a r s .

The

willow

b a r k ,

Cortex

S a l i c i s , c o n t a i n i n g s a l i c y l i c a c i d ,

h a s b e e n

t h e “ a s p i r i n ”

of our a n c e s t o r s .

As

s u c h ,

an

i n v e n t i o n has

been

d i s c l o s e d

i n

terms of

a

p r e f e r r e d embodiment t h e r e o f

which f u l ? l l s e a c h

a n d

every one o f

t h e

o b j e c t s o f t h e i n v e n t i o n a s s e t

f o r t h

h e r e i n a b o v e and p r o v i d e s a new and imp roved method

f o r

a c c e l e r a t i n g

t h e

a g i n g

o f

d i s t i l l a t e s h a v i n g g r e a t

n o v e l t y

a n d

u t i l i t y .

Of c o u r s e , v a r i o u s c h a n g e s , m o d i ? c a t i o n s a n d

a l t e r

a t i o n s

i n t h e t e a c h i n g s

o f

t h e

p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n

may

b e

c o n t e m p l a t e d by t h o s e s k i l l e d

i n t h e

a r t w i t h o u t d e p a r t

i n g

f r o m

t h e i n t e n d e d s p i r i t

a n d s c o p e t h e r e o f . As s u c h ,

i t i s

i n t e n d e d

t h a t t h e

p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n o n l y b e l i m i t e d

by t h e t e r m s o f t h e a p p e n d e d

c l a i m s .

I c l a i m :

1 . A

ethod

o f

a c c e l e r a t i n g

t h e a g i n g o f d i s t i l l a t e s i n

wooden b a r r e l s

c o m p r i s i n g t h e

s t e p s o f :

( a ) a d d i n g a d i s t i l l a t e t o a

wooden b a r r e l ;

( b ) adding an

amount

of

r e e

bark i n a

s u f ? c i e n t

quan

t i t y

t o a c c e l e r a t e

t h e a g i n g

o f s a i d d i s t i l l a t e ; a n d

( c ) a g i n g s a i d m i x t u r e o f d i s t i l l a t e and oak

b a r k

f o r

a

p e r i o d o f

t i m e ;

( d ) w h e r e b y s a i d d i s t i l l a t e a ? e r s a i d a g i n g s t e p a p

p r o x i m a t e s

t h e t a s t e a n d q u a l i t y

o f a

d i s t i l l a t e a g e d

1 0 t o 1 2 y e a r s without a n a d d i t i o n

of

a t r e e

b a r k .

2 . The method o f c l a i m 1 , wherein

s a i d

t r e e b a r k

c o m p r i s e s

o a k

b a r k .

3 .

The method o f

c l a i m 2 ,

w h e r e i n

s a i d o a k

c o m p r i s e s c r u s h e d o a k b a r k .

4 . The

method o f c l a i m

2 , w h e r e i n s a i d

oak

b a r k

c o m p r i s e s

an

e x t r a c t o f

oak

b a r k .

5 .

The

m e t h o d o f

c l a i m

1 , f u r t h e r

c o m p r i s i n g a d d i n g

a c o n c e n t r a t e o f

a p p l e

j u i c e

t o

s a i d d i s t i l l a t e p r i o r t o

s a i d a g i n g s t e p .

6 . The method o f c l a i m 5 ,

w h e r e i n

s a i d c o n c e n t r a t e o f

a p p l e

j u i c e

h a s a m a s s

c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f

a p p r o x i m a t e l y

6 5

t o

68% by w e i g h t .

7 .

The method o f c l a i m

3 ,

w h e r e i n s a i d

amount

o f

c r u s h e d oak b a r k

c o m p r i s e s

up t o

a b o u t 8 . 5

kg

o f

oak

b a r k p e r 1 0 0 0 l i t e r s o f s a i d d i s t i l l a t e .

b a r k

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4 , 9 5 6 , 1 9 4

9

8 . The method o f c l a i m

4 , w h e r e i n

s a i d amount o f

o a k

b a r k

e x t r a c t c o m p r i s e s

up

t o a b o u t

1 0 0 l i t e r s o f s a i d

e x t r a c t

p e r 1 0 0 0

l i t e r s o f

s a i d

d i s t i l l a t e .

9 . The i n v e n t i o n

o f

c l a i m

1 , w h e r e i n

s a i d t r e e

b a r k

c o m p r i s e s w i l l o w t r e e b a r k .

1 0 . The method o f c l a i m

1 , w h e r e i n

s a i d d i s t i l l a t e i s

s e l e c t e d

f r o m

t h e

g r o u p

c o m p r i s i n g

g r a i n

d i s t i l l a t e s ,

wine

d i s t i l l a t e s

and

f r u i t d i s t i l l a t e s .

1 1 . The method o f c l a i m

1 ,

w h e r e i n

s a i d d i s t i l l a t e

c o m p r i s e s an

unaged d i s t i l l a t e

o r an a ged d i s t i l l a t e .

1 2 . The method

o f

c l a i m

1 ,

w h e r e i n s a i d amount

o f

c o n c e n t r a t e

o f

a p p l e j u i c e

c o m p r i s e s up

t o

a b o u t

2 l i t e r s

1 5

20

2 5

3 0

3 5

5 0

5 5

6 5

1 0

o f c o n c e n t r a t e o f a p p l e j u i c e p e r 1 , 0 0 0 l i t e r s o f s a i d

d i s t i l l a t e .

1 3 . The i n v e n t i o n o f

c l a i m

8 , w h e r e i n s a i d w i l l o w

t r e e

b a r k c o m p r i s e s c r u s h e d w i l l o w t r e e

b a r k .

1 4 .

The

i n v e n t i o n

o f

c l a i m 8 ,

w h e r e i n

s a i d

w i l l o w

t r e e

b a r k

c o m p r i s e s an e x t r a c t o f willow

t r e e

b a r k .

1 5 . The i n v e n t i o n o f c l a i m 1 2 , w h e r e i n

s a i d

c r u s h e d

w i l l o w

t r e e

b a r k c o m p r i s e s

up

t o

a b o u t

9

kg

o f c r u s h e d

w i l l o w t r e e

b a r k

p e r 1 0 0 0

l i t e r s o f

s a i d d i s t i l l a t e .

1 6 . The method o f c l a i m

1 ,

w h e r e i n s a i d p e r i o d

o f

t i m e

r a n g e s

between

a b o u t 2

months and

a b o u t

one

y e a r .

*

i

i

$ $


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