U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND …Subpart L : Rigging . Subpart H : Confined...

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

OFFICE OF TRAINING AND EDUCATION OSHA TRAINING INSTITUTE

1555 TIMES DRIVE DES PLAINES, ILLINOIS 60018

COURSE: INSTRUCTOR COURSE FOR CONSTRUCTION

COURSE NUMBER: 500 DURATION: 26 CONTACT HOURS DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF TRAINING AND EDUCATION: HENRY PAYNE INSTITUTE DIRECTOR: ZIGMUS SADAUSKAS CHIEF, CONSTRUCTION BRANCH: COURSE CHAIRPERSON: CURRICULUM DEVELOPER:

# 500

BASIC INSTRUCTOR COURSE IN OCCUPATIOINAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY Description This course focuses on the development of training skills through obtaining an understanding the Occupational Safety and Health Act CFR 1926. Students will obtain detailed information on the code of federal regulations for construction, and relevant general industry standards applicable to the construction trades. Students will learn effective training techniques, developed through lectures, workshops, and demonstrations. Objectives Students who successfully complete this course will be able to:

1. Explain the history of, and the reason for, federal safety and health regulations.

2. Explain the Occupational Safety and Health Act, CFR 1926. 3. Identify the common causes of accidents and fatalities in

hazardous areas of construction. 4. Identify abatement techniques for hazards found in

construction. 5. Understand basic instructional techniques and the use of

visual aids, student workshops, and supplementary course materials.

Be able to present effective 10 hour and 30 hour training programs using the OSHA construction regulations and outreach requirements and guidelines.

1

COURSE NUMBER: 500 Week 1 of 1 COURSE NAME: BASIC INSTRUCTOR COURSE IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

TOPIC

TOPIC

TOPIC TOPIC

TOPIC

Course Opening & Introduction

Steel Erection Subpart R

Excavations Subpart P

Welding Subpart J

Training Techniques

Introduction to OSHA and the ACT

Fall Protection Subpart M

Electrical Subpart K

Concrete Subpart Q

Training Techniques

Subpart C Safety Programs

Continued

Demolition Subpart T

Health Hazards in Construction Subpart D

Course Closing

Continued

Ladders & Stairs Subpart X

Cranes Subpart N

Continued

Inspections, Citations, Multi-Employer Worksites, Focused Inspections

Scaffolding Subpart L

Rigging Subpart H

Confined Spaces in Construction

Outreach for 10/30 hour Trainers

Continued

Fire Protection Subpart F

Course Test

2

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 1 COURSE INTRODUCTION I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Complete student data sheets. B. Identify course objectives.

II. MAJOR TOPICS:

A. Biographical data sheets B. Course objectives C. Course matrix D. Student introductions E. Host site regulations and emergency procedures

III. CLASSROOM PRESENTATION:

A. Complete biographical data sheets. B. List course objectives. C. Review course matrix. D. Conduct student introductions. E. Explain host site regulations and emergency procedures

IV. REFERENCES AND MATERIALS:

A. OSHA biographical data sheets B. Course matrix C. 29 CFR 1926 D. Host site regulations

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 1 COURSE INTRODUCTION AND PRE-TEST

I. Complete biographical data sheets.

Have students complete and return administrative forms, including data sheets and student roster.

II. List and review course objectives.

III. Review and explain course matrix.

IV. Conduct student introductions.

Have students introduce themselves.

V. Explain host site regulations and emergency procedures.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 2 INTRODUCTION TO OSHA I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon the successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Explain the history of and the reason for federal safety and health

regulations. B. Describe the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. C. List the sources of federal safety and health regulations. D. Describe the structure of Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1926. E. Explain the process of standards development. F. Identify the reasons for recordkeeping requirements.

II. MAJOR TOPICS:

A. The need for legislation B. OSHA’s purpose C. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 D. Standards development E. CFR 1926 contents and organization F. Recordkeeping


A. Discuss the history of safety and health regulations. B. Discuss the Occupational Safety and Health of 1970. C. Discuss where occupational safety and health laws come from. D. Discuss recordkeeping requirements.


A. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 B. CFR 1926

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 2 INTRODUCTION TO OSHA I. Discuss the history of safety and health regulations.

A. Early 1900’s no national safety and health program existed. B. Triangle Shirt Company fire of 1911. C. The role of Francis Perkins in establishing state safety and health

regulations. D. Statistics prompting Congress to act.

II. Discuss the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.

A. The passage of the Act. B. The role of OSHA, NIOSH, and the Occupational Safety and Health

Review Commission. C. Sections of the Act. D. The purpose of OSHA. E. The Act’s coverage.

III. Discuss where occupational safety and health laws come from.

A. Consensus standards. B. Proprietary standards. C. Pre-existing federal law. D. Standing and ad hoc committees. E. Various interest groups.

IV. Discuss recordkeeping requirements.

A. Monitoring health and safety problems. B. Exempt employers. C. Log and summary of occupational injuries and illnesses.

LESSON OVERVIEW – DAY ONE, HOUR 3 1926 SUBPART C & SAFETY PROGRAMS I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Explain the requirements for the general safety and health provisions of

1926 Subpart C. B. List the sections included in 1926 Subpart C. C. Identify the major components in an effective health and safety program. D. Identify the indirect cost of accidents. E. Describe the major citations issued under Subpart C. F. Explain pertinent definitions applicable to Subpart C.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. Citations issued under Subpart C. B. General safety and health provisions. C. References to related Subparts. D. The cost of accidents. E. Components of a safety program.


A. Discuss the major citations issued under Subpart C. B. Review the section headings included in Subpart C. C. Discuss the major points of each section in Subpart C. D. Discuss the indirect costs of accidents. E. Discuss the major components of an effective safety and health program.

IV. REFERENCES:

A. FY00 – MFC Construction.ppt. B. Part 1926 Subpart C. C. OSHA Construction Industry Safety and Health Regulations Digest.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 3 1926 SUBPART C & SAFETY PROGRAMS I. Discuss the major citations issued under Subpart C.

A. No safety training for employees. B. No jobsite inspections by a competent person. C. No accident prevention program. D. Poor housekeeping.

II. Review the section heading included in Subpart C.

A. General safety and health provisions. B. Safety training. C. Definitions. D. Employee emergency action plans.

III. Discuss the major points of each section of Subpart C.

A. Important definitions. B. Contractor requirements for jobsite health and safety. C. Safety training and education requirements. D. Additional jobsite safety and program requirements.

IV. Discuss the indirect cost of accidents, categories of accidents, and safety.

program elements

A. Indirect costs of accidents generally far exceed direct costs. B. Leading causes of construction fatalities, RSIs, and exposures. C. Management commitment. D. Hazard identification. E. Hazard analysis and control. F. Employee training and education.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOURS 4 & 5 INSPECTIONS, CITATIONS, MULTI-EMPLOYER WORKSITES, FOCUSED INSPECTIONS I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Explain the OSHA inspection process. B. List the type of citations OSHA issues. C. Explain the revised Multi-Employer Citation Policy. D. Describe the Focused Inspection initiative. E. Explain OSHA Instruction 3-1.1 construction citation policy.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. OSHA inspection priorities and the inspection process. B. Types of OSHA violations. C. OSHA citations and penalties. D. Multi-Employer citation policy. E. Focused inspection initiative. F. OSHA construction citation policy.


A. Discuss OSHA inspection priorities and the OSHA jobsite inspection process.

B. Discuss the different types of OSHA violations and penalties. C. Discuss and explain OSHA’s Multi-Employer Citation Policy. D. Discuss and explain OSHA Focused Inspection initiative. E. Discuss Std 3-1.1 OSHA Instruction on citation policy. F. Break the class into groups and complete the Multi-Employer citation

workshop handout. IV. REFERENCES AND MATERIALS:

A. The OSHA Act. B. All About OSHA. C. OSH Act, OSHA Standards, Inspections, Citations and Penalties – OSHA

office of training and education May 1996. D. OSHA CPL 2-0.124 Multi-Employer Citation Policy. E. Guidance for Compliance Officers for Focused Inspections in the

Construction Industry.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOURS 4 & 5 INSPECTIONS, CITATIONS, MULTI-EMPLOYER WORKSITES, FOCUSED INSPECTIONS I. Discuss OSHA inspection priorities and the OSHA jobsite inspection

process.

A. Imminent danger, fatalities and catastrophes, employee complaints, programmed inspections.

B. Opening conference. C. Inspection tour. D. Closing conference. E. Appeal process.

II. Discuss the different types of OSHA violations and penalties.

A. Other than serious. B. Serious. C. Willful. D. Repeat. E. Failure to abate. F. De minimius.

III. Discuss and explain OSHA’s Multi-Employer Citation Policy.

A. Creating employer. B. Exposing employer. C. Correcting employer. D. Controlling employer.

IV. Discuss and explain OSHA’s Focused Inspection Initiative.

A. OSHA’s limited inspection resources. B. Comprehensive vs. Focused inspections. C. The four principal causes of fatalities in construction. D. Safety and health program implementation and competent person duties.

V. Discuss Std 3-1.1 OSHA Instruction on citation policy.

A. Uniform field procedures for safety & health program evaluation. B. Provides inspector S & H sample program guidelines. C. Accident prevention and employee training. D. Recordkeeping and first aid.

VI. Break the class into groups and complete the Multi-Employer citation

workshop handout.

A. Review the elements of the Multi-Employer citation policy. B. Break the class into appropriate size groups. C. Handout the Multi-Employer problem sheet. D. Review and discuss the correct answers to the workshop problems.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 6 CONSTRUCTION OUTREACH REQUIREMENTS

I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Explain the purpose of OSHA’s outreach trainer program.

B. Describe requirements for conducting outreach training. C. Identify OSHA recommendations for course presentation. D. Explain the process for obtaining student cards.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. Trainers authorized to teach 10 & 30-hour course. B. Courses geared toward hazard identification.

C. 10 & 30 course content requirements. D. Process for obtaining student cards.


A. Discuss the background of the outreach trainer program. B. Discuss the required procedures for conducting courses. C. Discuss OSHA recommendations for enhancing course. D. Discuss the process for obtaining student completion cards. E. Discuss required and recommended course content.


A. OSHA Outreach Training Program Construction Industry Safety and Health.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 6 CONSTRUCTION OUTREACH REQUIREMENTS I. Discuss the background of the outreach trainer program.

A. Voluntary program started in 1971. B. Authorizes trainers to conduct 10 & 30 - hour courses. C. Individuals must complete OSHA 500 course to qualify. D. Must renew Authorized Trainer card every four years.

II. Discuss the required procedures for conducting courses.

A. Training must cover designated topics for 10 & 30 – hour courses. B. Must spend at least 10 or 30 hours covering course topics. C. Classes larger than 50 students require special permission. D. Authorized instructor must design, organize, and attend course.

III. Discuss OSHA recommendations for enhancing course.

A. Emphasize hazard identification, control, and prevention. B. Make the training as site specific as possible. C. Organize class into homogenous worker groups. D. Use a variety of presentation techniques. E. Use testing and course evaluations.

IV. Discuss the process for obtaining student completion cards.

A. Must submit documentation to OTI in Desplaines, Illinois. B. Must include student names and topic outline. C. Must include OSHA Outreach Training Program Report. D. Other methods for instructors with ID numbers.

V. Discuss required and recommended course content.

A. Ten – hour course must include Intro. to OSHA, fall protection and electrical.

B. Three other hours chosen from list provided. C. Four remaining hours can be chosen by instructor. D. 30 – hour course use recommended topic list.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 7 1926 SUBPART R - STEEL ERECTION I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Explain the reasons for changes in the steel erection standard. B. List the sections covered in Subpart R. C. Describe controlling contractor duties and responsibilities. D. Explain the major requirements of the standard.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. Controlling contractor duties. B. Hoisting and rigging requirements. C. Structural steel requirements. D. Fall protection requirements.


A. Discuss the reasons for the new standard and the organization of sections within the standard.

B. Discuss important definitions. C. Discuss the requirements for controlling contractors. D. Discuss the site layout and crane requirements. E. Discuss the requirements for columns and structural steel. F. Discuss the requirements for fall protection and training.


A. CFR 1926 Subpart R. B. OSHA steel erection e Tool.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 7 1926 SUBPART R – STEEL ERECTION I. Discuss the reasons for the new standard and the organization of sections

within the standard.

A. America’s 39,000 steel erectors continue to suffer forty fatal accidents per year.

B. Twenty-six deaths and over 1150 lost-workday injuries averted by compliance with the provisions of the new standard.

C. Discuss the reasons for the change in the effective date for the new standard.

D. Nine sections in the revised standard, including new fall protection and training requirements.

II. Discuss important definitions.

A. Discuss the concept of anchored bridging and explain the purpose of diagonal bridging.

B. Discuss the term ‘Choker’ as it pertains to multiple lift rigging. C. Discuss the function of columns and the difference between columns and

posts. D. Discuss the meaning of a ‘Controlled Decking Zone’, its purpose and

function. III. Discuss the new requirements for controlling contractors.

A. Discuss the requirement for written notification to the steel erector as it pertains to curing of concrete in piers and walls.

B. Discuss the requirement for written notification to the steel erector as it pertains to field modification and repairs of anchor bolts.

C. Discuss the requirements for site preparation. D. Discuss the requirement for overhead protection. E. Discuss the requirement for assuming responsibility for fall protection

equipment left by the steel erector. IV. Discuss the site layout and crane requirements.

A. Discuss the requirement for adequate access roads and a firm, properly graded area.

B. Discuss the requirement for pre-planning overhead hoisting operations. C. Discuss the requirement for pre-shift inspection of crane(s). D. Discuss the authority the crane operator over the final call on lift safety. E. Discuss the requirements for multiple lift rigging.

V. Discuss the requirements for columns and structural steel.

A. Discuss the requirements for the height of the erection floor. B. Discuss the requirements concerning metal deck openings. C. Discuss the requirements for shear connectors. D. Discuss the requirements for proper plumbing up of columns and beams.

VI. Discuss the requirements for fall protection and training.

A. Discuss the height requirements for connectors and deckers. B. Discuss the requirements for perimeter safety cables. C. Discuss the requirements for work in a controlled decking zone. D. Discuss the training requirements for rigging, and controlled decking zone

procedures.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOURS 8 & 9 1926 SUBPART M - FALL PROTECTION I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Identify falls as the leading cause of fatalities in the construction industry. B. Explain the three conventional methods of fall protection. C. Identify the areas of construction where Subpart M does not apply. D. Discuss the requirements for fall protection systems.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. For construction, the duty to have fall protection begins at six feet. B. Fall protection must be provided through guardrails, safety nets or

personal fall arrest systems. C. Alternate methods of fall protection are available for workers in Controlled

Access Zones and work on low-sloped roofs. D. Fall protection plans must be used where conventional methods of fall

protection are infeasible. III. CLASSROOM PRESENTAITON:

A. Discuss the dangers falls in construction and identify common violations. B. Explain the organization of subpart M, and highlight important definitions. C. Discuss the duty to provide fall protection. D. Explain the requirements for conventional fall protection systems. E. Identify alternative methods of fall protection available. F. Discuss the training requirements for fall protection.

IV. REFERENCES AND MATERIALS

A. CFR 1926 Subpart M. B. OSHA 3146 Fall Protection in Construction.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOURS 8 & 9 1926 SUBPART M - FALL PROTECTION I. Discuss the dangers of falls in construction and identify common

violations.

A. Falls are the leading cause of fatalities in construction. B. Accidents involving falls are generally complex and involve a variety of

factors. C. Unprotected sides, and edges, and failure to train are the leading

violations for Subpart M. D. Three of the top five fall protection violations pertain to residential

construction. II. Explain the organization of subpart M, and highlight important definitions.

A. Subpart M covers the duty to have fall protection, fall protection systems criteria, and training.

B. Does not apply to certain construction operations including scaffolds, steel erection, ladders, or stairs.

C. Covers fifteen discrete areas of construction work. D. Explain the components of a personal fall arrest system.

III. Discuss the duty to provide fall protection.

A. Walking and working surfaces structural integrity determination. B. Unprotected sides and edges above six feet. C. Protection provided through guardrails, safety nets, or PFAS.

IV. Explain the requirements for conventional fall protection systems.

A. Discuss the requirements for guard rail systems B. Discuss the requirements for safety net systems. C. Discuss the requirements for personal fall arrest systems.

V. Identify alternative methods of fall protection available.

A. Discuss the alternatives available for leading edge work, precast concrete, and residential construction.

B. Identify the requirements for Fall Protection Plans. C. Discuss the use of control lines, warning lines, and safety monitors.

VI. Discuss the training requirements for fall protection.

A. Must be given to each workers exposed to fall hazards. B. Must be delivered by a competent person. C. Procedures for each fall protection system used. D. Training must be certified.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 10 1926 SUBPART X - LADDERS AND STAIRS I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Explain the requirements for the use of stairs and ladders in construction. B. Indicate the most common violations of Subpart X. C. Identify the specifications for temporary stair construction. D. Discuss the requirements for portable ladders. E. Explain the specifications for fixed ladders.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. Stairways or ladders provided for breaks in elevations of 19 or more inches.

B. Points of access between levels must be provided kept clear. C. Stairways of four or more risers require handrails. D. Portable ladders must be capable of supporting four times the intended

load. E. Ladder rails must extend three feet above landing when used for upper

landing access. III. CLASSROOM PRESENTATION:

A. Discuss the general requirements for stairways and ladders. B. Explain the specifications for temporary stair construction. C. Identify the requirements for portable ladders D. Discuss the requirements for fixed ladders.


A. CFR 1926 Subpart X. B. OSHA 3124 Stairways and Ladders.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 10 1926 SUBPART X - LADDERS AND STAIRS I. Discuss the general requirements for stairways and ladders.

A. Stairway or ladder provided for breaks in elevation of 19 inches. B. Spiral stairs not part of permanent construction prohibited. C. Fall protection systems must be installed prior to the installation of stair

and ladder systems. D. Two or more ladders must be provided for 25 or more workers where

ladders are used for access or egress. II. Explain the specifications for temporary stair construction.

A. 30" X 22" landings required for every twelve feet of vertical rise. B. Installed between 30º and 50º from horizontal. C. Four or more risers require stairrail along open side(s). D. Handrails must withstand force of 200 pounds.

III. Identify the requirements for portable ladders.

A. Rung strength requirements. B. Rungs spacing requirements. C. Rungs tread requirements. D. Ladder spreader requirement. E. Prohibition against painting wood ladders.

IV. Discuss the requirements for fixed ladders.

A. Ladder obstruction requirements. B. Ladders clearance requirements. C. Length of climb ladder safety device or cage requirements. D. Non-self-supporting ladders angle requirements.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOURS 11 & 12 1926 SUBPART L - SCAFFOLDS I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Explain the purpose and history of the revised standard. B. Discuss the general requirements for scaffolds. C. Identify the fall protection requirements for scaffolds. D. Explain the training requirements for scaffold use.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. Continued scaffold injuries prompted revisions to standard. B. Fall protection required on scaffolds at height of ten feet. C. Scaffolds must support four times the intended load. D. Scaffolds must only be erected & dismantled under the direction of a

competent person. III. CLASSROOM PRESENTATION:

A. Review of scaffold standard revisions. B. Discuss scaffold platform construction requirements. C. Highlight general requirements for scaffolds. D. Discuss training requirements for scaffolds.


A. CFR 1926 Subpart L. B. OSHA Construction Safety & Health Outreach Program- Scaffolding. C. OSHA 3150 A Guide to Scaffold Use in the Construction Industry.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOURS 11 &12 1926 SUBPART L – SCAFFOLDS I. Review of scaffold standard revisions.

A. Early changes to original standard included overhead protection, guardrails, and plank spans.

B. 10,000 annual scaffold injuries prompted review of standard. C. One-fourth of scaffold workers received no training, one-third no guard

rails. D. Revisions expected to save fifty lives and prevent 4500 injuries annually.

II. Discuss scaffold platform construction requirements.

A. Scaffolds and components must support four times intended load. B. Scaffolds must be fully planked. C. No painting of scaffold planks or mudsills. D. No mixing of dissimilar components.

III. Highlight general requirements for scaffolds.

A. Guys, ties, or braces required at 4:1 height ratio. B. Supported scaffolds must bear on firm foundation. C. All direct connections on suspended scaffolds evaluated by competent

person. D. Guardrails required on all scaffolds over ten feet.

IV. Discuss training requirements for scaffolds

A. Each scaffold worker trained on electrical, falling object, and fall hazards. B. Erectors and dismantlers trained by competent person to recognize any

hazards associated with the work. C. Retraining required for new hazards, new equipment, or lack of

proficiency.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 13 1926 SUBPART P – EXCAVATIONS I. LESSON OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Discuss specific excavation requirements. B. Identify excavation protective systems. C. Discuss soil classification types. D. Explain soil field tests.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. Protective systems required in excavations over five feet deep. B. Ladders provided in excavations of four feet or more. C. Daily inspections by competent person required. D. Sloping requirements are determined by soil classification.


A. Discuss specific excavation requirements. B. Explain the requirements for protective systems. C. Identify soil classification types. D. Discuss soil mechanics. E. Discuss soil tests.


A. CFR 1926 Subpart P B. OSHA Technical Manual, Section V, Chapter 2, Excavations: Hazard

Recognition in trenching and shoring.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 13 1926 SUBPART P – EXCAVATIONS I. Discuss specific excavation requirements.

A. Surface encumbrances removed, and utilities located prior to opening excavation.

B. No workers under loads handled by equipment. C. Hazardous atmospheres must be tested before entering. D. Adjacent structures must be supported if stability is affected. E. Daily inspections of excavation and protective system(s) by competent

person, and repeated as necessary. F. Spoil pile at least two feet away.

II. Explain the requirements for protective systems.

A. Four choices for sloping excavations. B. Support systems installed and removed in manner that protects workers. C. Shoring or shielding is used when location or depth of cut makes sloping

impractical. D. The space between trench boxes and excavations is backfilled to prevent

lateral movement of the box. III. Identify soil classification types.

A. Stable rock, Type A, Type B, and Type C B. Stable rock can be excavated with vertical sides & remain intact. C. Type A is cohesive, with unconfined, compressive strength > 1.5 tsf. D. Type B is cohesive, with unconfined, compressive strength between 0.5

tsf and 1.5 tsf. E. Type C is cohesive, with unconfined, compressive strength < 0.5 tsf.

IV. Discuss soil mechanics.

A. The evaluator should look for signs of bulging, boiling, or sluffing. B. Increases or decreases in moisture content can adversely affect the

stability of the excavation. C. The evaluator should look for surcharging, and vibration sources. D. Tension cracks usually form at a horizontal distance of 0.5 to 0.75 times

the depth of the trench.

V. Discuss soil tests.

A. Visual tests include observing soil on the faces of the excavation for tension cracks or spalling, which could indicate fissured soil.

B. Observe the excavation for layered systems, or sources of water. C. Explain the thumb test, pocket penatrometer, and torvane shear. D. Describe the tests for plasticity and sedimentation.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 14 1926 SUBPART K – ELECTRICAL I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Discuss the major section headings of Subpart K. B. Discuss ground fault circuit interrupters. C. Explain the requirements for an Assured Equipment Grounding

Conductor Program. D. Discuss the permissible use of flexible cords on construction sites.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. Electrical equipment must be securely mounted, enclosed and labeled. B. Working space must be maintained around electrical equipment. C. Correct wiring of equipment, outlets critical to safe operation. D. On construction sites, either GFCIs or Assured Equipment Grounding

Conductor Program must be used. III. CLASSROOM PRESENTATION:

A. Discuss citations and the major parts of Subpart K. B. Highlight general electrical requirements. C. Discuss wiring design and protection, and wiring methods. D. Discuss safety-related work practices.

V. REFERENCES AND MATERIALS:

A. CFR 1926 Subpart K. B. OSHA Construction Safety and Health Outreach Program, Electrical

Standards for Construction.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 14 1926 SUBPART K – ELECTRICAL I. Discuss citations and the major parts of Subpart K.

A. No ground fault protection/Assured equipment grounding conductor program

B. Standards derived from ANSI and NEC. C. Includes general requirements, wiring design and protection, wiring

methods, and safety related work practices. D. Requirements for battery charging operations.

II. Highlight general electrical requirements

A. Free from recognized hazards. B. Proper mounting, marking, enclosures, and disconnects. C. Maintain sufficient working space around electrical equipment. D. Protection of workers around light fixtures.

III. Discuss wiring design and protection, and wiring methods.

A. All conductors singularly identified, and conductors correctly wired. B. On construction sites either GFCIs or Assured Equipment Grounding

Conductor Program required. C. Discuss the operation of GFCIs. D. Highlight the requirements of an Assured Equipment Grounding

Conductor Program. E. Discuss the requirements for flexible cord use.

IV. Discuss safety-related work practices

A. Workers provided with gloves when using tools that could contact

underground utilities where the exact location is unknown. B. Advise employees of locations, hazards, and protective measures. C. Barriers erected to prevent passage near energized equipment. D. Proper use of extension cords.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 15 1926 SUBPART T – Demolition I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

At the completion of this hour each student will be able to: A. Describe preparation requirements for demolition operations. B. List the requirements for stairs and passageways. C. Identify the precautions for debris chute openings. D. Discuss removal of walls and floors. E. Identify basic requirements for demolition by blasting.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. Prior to commencement of demolition engineering survey, by a competent

person, with a written record. B. Debris disposal through floor holes requirements include barricades and

warning signs on each floor. C. Floor opening no larger than 25% of aggregate area unless supported. D. Demolition proceeds from top down. E. Only authorized and qualified persons handle explosives.

III. CLASSROOM PRESENTATION: A. Explain the requirements for preparatory operations. B. Describe the requirements for debris chutes. C. Highlight the procedures for the removal of walls and floors. D. Discuss proper storage procedures. E. Discuss mechanical demolition requirements. F. Highlight the use of explosives for demolition.


A. CFR 1926 Subpart T. B. CFR 1926 Subpart U.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 15 1926 SUBPART T – Demolition I. Explain the requirements for preparatory operations.

A. Engineering survey conducted by a competent person. B. Utilities shut off and capped. C. Remove fragmented glass hazards. D. Protect wall openings to a height of 42 inches.

II. Discuss the requirements for debris chutes.

A. Debris chutes through floors, barricade six feet back, and warning signs, both on each level.

B. Floor openings not for material drops, covered and secured. C. Protect drop areas located outside exterior walls. D. Chutes steeper than 45º fully enclosed. E. Substantial gate at discharge controlled by competent person.

III. Highlight the procedures for removal of walls and floors.

A. No walls higher than one story can stand alone. B. Walls in stable condition at shift end. C. Remove employees when weather is a hazard. D. No removal of load supporting members until floors above are gone.

IV. Discuss proper storage procedures.

A. Stored debris within floor load capacity. B. Floor arches removed to 25 feet, providing structure remains stable. C. Barricade storage space & open only for removal.

V. Discuss mechanical demolition.

A. Balling and claming operations, no hazard to workers. B. Ball at 50% or less of cranes rated load. C. Ball, swivel type connection, and positive attachment means.

VI. Highlight the use of explosives for demolition.

A. Only authorized and qualified employees to handle explosives. B. Visible and audible warnings given to protect all employees. C. Notify utilities when blasting near powerlines. D. Review blaster qualifications.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 16 1926 SUBPART N – CRANES I. LESSON OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Identify the common hazards and citations involving cranes. B. Identify required functional checks for crane operations. C. Describe basic service limits for running and standing ropes. D. Explain general requirements for construction crane operation. E. Identify proper safety precautions for operation of cranes in proximity to

power lines. II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. Cranes involved in up to one third of all construction fatalities. B. Power-line contact is the most common type of fatal incident. C. Comply with manufacturer’s recommendations. D. Operation checks by a competent person are required at the beginning of

each shift and during use. III. CLASSROOM PRESENTATION:

A. Describe common hazards and citations for crane operations. B. Discuss the general requirements for cranes. C. Discuss safety procedures for crane use near power lines. D. Highlight safety requirements for different crane types.


A. CFR 1926 Subpart N. B. CMAA Recommended Inspection Schedule for Cranes. C. NIOSH “Preventing Electrocutions of Crane Operators and Crew

Members Working Near Overhead Power Lines.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 16 1926 SUBPART N – CRANES I. Describe common hazards and citations for crane operations.

A. Electrocution by power line contact. B. Assembly and dismantling of crane. C. Swing radius not barricaded. D. Failure to follow manufacturer’s specifications.

II. Discuss the general requirements for cranes.

A. Comply with manufacturer’s recommendations. B. Functional checks conducted before shift by competent person. C. Service limitations for standing and running wire ropes. D. Accessible areas within swing radius barricaded.

III. Discuss safety procedures for crane use near power lines.

A. Minimum clearance distances maintained. B. In transit with no load, minimum clearance of four feet. C. Overhead power lines considered energized unless owner indicates de-

energized, and visibly grounded. IV. Highlight safety requirements for different crane types.

A. Review requirements for tower cranes. B. Discuss safety precautions for overhead and gantry cranes. C. Review requirements for floating cranes and derricks. D. Discuss requirements for crane or derrick suspended personnel

platforms.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 17 1926 SUBPART H - RIGGING I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Discuss basic requirements for rigging with chains, ropes, and slings. B. Identify important concepts for safe rigging. C. Describe criteria for inspecting rigging hardware. D. Discuss load reductions based on sling leg angles.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. Use rigging appropriate for the load to be lifted. B. Always know the weight of the load and center of gravity. C. Only alloy steel chain for overhead lifting. D. Never apply load to hook latch.


A. Discuss requirements for chains, rope, and slings. B. Highlight principles of rigging safety. C. Discuss rigging hardware inspection. D. Discuss hitch types, sling angles, and center of gravity.

IV. REFERENCES AND MATERIALS: A. CFR 1926 Subpart H.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 17 1926 SUBPART H – RIGGING I. Discuss requirements for chains, ropes, and slings.

A. Discuss chain identification requirements including size, grade, capacity, permanently affixed to rigging chain.

B. Discuss requirements for manufacturer’s recommendations or consult tables H-3 through H-14 in 1926.251 for wire rope use.

C. Discuss prohibition of use of synthetic webbing around acids or phenolics. D. Discuss criteria for removing slings from service.

II. Highlight principles of rigging safety.

A. Review the fifteen rules for rigging safely. B. Discuss hook classifications. C. Discuss warnings for hook use. D. Discuss inspection of rigging hardware.

III. Discuss rigging hardware inspection.

A. Discuss hook inspection, and properly seating load in the hook. B. Discuss proper seating of load in bowl of hook, and the danger of tip

loading. C. Discuss potential to damage hooks from improper rigging. D. Discuss the mechanics of chains, and wire rope.

IV. Discuss hitch types, sling angles, and center of gravity.

A. Discuss vertical, choker, basket, and bridle hitch applications. B. Review splicing wire rope. C. Review tension increase on sling legs as horizontal sling angle

decreases. D. Discuss locating the center of gravity on loads.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 18 1926 SUBPART F – FIRE PROTECTION I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Discuss concepts relating to combustible and flammable liquid hazards. B. Identify types of fire extinguishers. C. Identify major requirements of Subpart F.

II. MAJOR TOPICS:

A. Flammables, combustibles, flash point, flammable range. B. Construction fire prevention programs. C. Handling and storage of flammable materials.


A. Explain flammable, combustible, flash point, and flammable range. B. Discuss the requirements for establishing a fire prevention program. C. Explain various types of extinguishers and fire fighting concepts. D. Discuss the storage and handling of flammable materials.


A. 29 CFR 1926 Subpart C B. 29 CFR 1926 Subpart F

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 18 1926 SUBPART F – FIRE PROTECTION I. Explain flammable, combustible, flash point, and flammable range.

A. Explain the difference between flammable and combustible. B. Discuss the concept of flashpoint. C. Discuss the concept of flammable range, and lower and upper explosive

limits. II. Discuss the requirements for establishing a fire prevention program.

A. Discuss the requirement for providing fire fighting equipment. B. Discuss the requirement for maintaining access to fire fighting equipment. C. Explain the requirement for inspecting fire fighting equipment.

III. Explain various types of extinguishers and fire fighting concepts.

A. Explain classes of fire extinguishers. B. Identify Table F – 1 Fire Extinguishers Data C. Explain the P.A.S.S. system for using fire extinguishers.

IV. Discuss the storage and handling of flammable materials.

A. Discuss the requirements for storage of combustible debris. B. Discuss the requirements for dispensing flammables. C. Discuss the requirements for liquid petroleum gas usage.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 19 1926 SUBPART J – WELDING I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Identify common welding citations, and statistics. B. Discuss basic welding health hazards. C. Identify major requirements of Subpart J.

II. MAJOR TOPICS:

A. Hazards of welding. B. Cylinder requirements. C. Employer training requirements. D. Fire prevention in welding operations.


A. Explain health hazards associated with welding operations. B. Discuss cylinder transportation requirements. C. Identify employer training requirements. D. Discuss fire prevention and ventilation for welding operations.


A. CFR 1926 Subpart J B. OSHA Priorities – Welding, Cutting, and Braising

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 19 1926 SUBPART J – WELDING I. Explain health hazards associated with welding operations.

A. Discuss risk of fatal injuries associated with welding. B. Identify important welding injury statistics. C. Explain the major health risks related to welding work.

II. Discuss cylinder transportation requirements.

A. Explain the requirements for transport by vehicle. B. Discuss requirements for lifting cylinders. C. Explain securing of cylinders during use. D. Discuss cylinder storage with regard to combustible materials.

III. Identify employer training requirements.

A. Discuss safety precautions for welding in confined spaces. B. Discuss the requirements for the use of regulators. C. Explain the importance of safely opening cylinders. D. Discuss important concepts for oxygen and fuel gas manifolds.

IV. Discuss fire prevention and ventilation for welding operations.

A. Discuss removal of combustibles from welding area. B. Discuss the importance of welding shields. C. Discuss requirements for welding over walls. D. Explain precautions for welding on drums.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 20 1926 SUBPART Q - CONCRETE I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Recognize general requirements for construction concrete operations. B. Identify requirements for cast-in-place concrete. C. Recognize safety elements for lift slab operations. D. Describe requirements for masonry construction.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. No construction loads placed on structures until determined safe. B. Tiered single-post shores designed & inspected by qualified engineer. C. Forms remain in place until concrete has gained sufficient strength. D. Masonry walls require limited access zone.


A. Discuss revisions to standards for concrete construction. B. Discuss general requirements for concrete construction. C. Discuss requirements for cast-in-place, precast, and lift slab construction. D. Discuss requirements for masonry construction.


A. CFR 1926 Subpart Q

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 20 1926 SUBPART Q – CONCRETE I. Discuss revisions to standards for concrete construction.

A. New options for concrete testing. B. New requirements for bracing shoring. C. Establish limited access zones for masonry walls.

II. Discuss general requirements for concrete construction.

A. Requirements for protecting workers from rebar. B. Post-tensioning operations. C. Concrete buckets. D. Requirements for trowels, bull floats, and saws.

III. Discuss requirements for cast-in-place, precast, and lift slab construction.

A. Discuss requirements for load support. B. Shoring and reshoring. C. Hardware requirements for lift slab operations. D. Discuss requirements for jacking equipment.

IV. Discuss requirements for masonry construction.

A. Discuss establishing limited access zones. B. Explain restrictions on access to limited access zones. C. Discuss bracing requirements for masonry walls.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOURS 21 & 22 1926 SUBPART D – OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Identify requirements for medical services and sanitation. B. Discuss requirements for noise exposure on construction sites. C. Discuss ventilation requirements for construction operations. D. Explain requirements for construction chemical hazard communication.

II. MAJOR TOPICS:

A. Provision of medical services and sanitation on construction sites. B. Determining noise exposure limits for construction sites. C. Hazard communication.


A. Identify the requirements for sanitation and medical services. B. Explain determining noise exposure levels. C. Discuss ventilation requirements. D. Explain chemical hazard communication.


A. CFR 1926 Subpart D

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOURS 21 & 22 1926 SUBPART D – OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS I. Identify the requirements for sanitation and medical services.

A. Identify common citations. B. Explain the requirements for providing first aid and emergency care. C. Discuss general sanitation requirements.

II. Explain determining noise exposure levels.

A. Explain how to use Table D – 2. B. Explain and demonstrate the formula for calculating noise exposure.

III. Discuss ventilation requirements.

A. Discuss exposure limits for dusts, mists, fumes and vapors. B. Discuss the use of exhaust systems. C. Discuss requirements for blasting operations. D. Discuss requirements for grinding and buffing operations.

IV. Explain chemical hazard communication.

A. Explain the requirements for chemical labels. B. Discuss material safety data sheets C. Identify written program requirements. D. Discuss hazard definitions.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 23 CONFINED SPACE IN CONSTRUCTION I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Identify safety requirements for confined space hazards in construction. B. Explain the requirements for welding in confined spaces. C. Identify general concepts related to confined space work. D. Identify atmospheric and physical hazards of confined spaces.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. Employees entering confined spaces must be instructed as to the nature of the hazards involved.

B. Welding in confined spaces requires general mechanical or local exhaust. C. Hazardous atmospheres pose significant risk for confined space work.


A. Identify construction standards containing confined space requirements. B. Discuss inherent dangers of working in confined spaces. C. Discuss the dangers posed by hazardous atmospheres in confined

spaces. D. Discuss physical hazards associated with confined spaces.


A. CFR 1926. B. OSHA Construction Safety and Health Outreach – Confined Spaces; May

1996. C. OSHA Anatomy of Confined Spaces in Construction; May 1996.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 23 CONFINED SPACE IN CONSTRUCTION I. Identify construction standards containing confined space requirements.

A. Discuss Subpart C requirements for confined space entry. B. Discuss Subpart J requirements for welding in confined spaces. C. Discuss requirements for oxygen deficient atmospheres in confined

spaces pertaining to Subpart P.

II. Discuss inherent dangers of working in confined spaces.

A. Explain configuration hazards of confined space work. B. Discuss the hazards of mechanical equipment in confined spaces. C. Discuss the danger of the failure to recognize confined space hazards.

III. Discuss the dangers posed by hazardous atmospheres in confined spaces.

A. Discuss the hazards of flammable atmospheres in confined spaces. B. Explain the danger of carbon monoxide in confined spaces. C. Discuss the sources of oxygen deficient atmospheres in confined spaces.

IV. Discuss physical hazards associated with confined spaces.

A. Explain confined space physical hazards. B. Discuss the thermal hazards of confined spaces. C. Discuss the hazards of noise in confined spaces. D. Discuss vibration hazards associated with confined spaces.

LESSON OVERVIEW – HOUR 24 & 25 TRAINING TECHNIQUES I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Upon successful completion of this session, each student will be able to: A. Identify the philosophical perspective of education. B. Explain principles of the re-discovery process of learning. C. Discuss the role of the learning facilitator. D. Explain basic elements of presenting material.

II. MAJOR POINTS:

A. Traditional methods of teaching and testing can limit students. B. Relevance of subject matter is important for retention. C. The facilitator sets the climate for learning.


A. Discuss the traditional perspective of learning. B. Discuss new concepts in education. C. Discuss the requirements for a successful seminar leader. D. Discuss techniques for communicating safety.


A. OSHA Training Institute, Training Techniques. B. Rocky Mountain Education Center, OSHA 502, ProFORM, Inc.

“Guidelines for Group Facilitators”.

DETAILED OUTLINE – HOUR 24 & 25 TRAINING TECHNIQUES I. Discuss the traditional perspective of learning.

A. Discuss examinations and evaluation in the traditional setting. B. Discuss the role of rote learning and memorization.

II. Discuss new concepts in education.

A. Discuss human potential for learning. B. Explain the importance of topic relevance. C. Discuss the importance of students participating in the learning process.

III. Discuss the requirements for a successful seminar leader.

A. Identify the ten principles of a learning facilitator. B. Discuss the required skills of a seminar leader. C. Discuss handling various types of questions.

IV. Discuss techniques for communicating safety.

A. Identify concepts for presenting material. B. Discuss the importance of variety in presentations. C. Discuss concepts for preparation and motivation.

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